RESUMO

The ability to respond to injury is essential for the survival of an organism and involves analogous mechanisms in animals and plants. Such mechanisms integrate coordinated genetic and metabolic reprogramming events requiring regulation by small RNAs for adequate healing of the wounded area. We have previously reported that the response to injury of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride involves molecular mechanisms closely resembling those of plants and animals that lead to the formation of new hyphae (regeneration) and the development of asexual reproduction structures (conidiophores). However, the involvement of microRNAs in this process has not been investigated in fungi. In this work, we explore the participation of microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) molecules by sequencing messenger and small RNAs during the injury response of the WT strain and RNAi mutants. We found that Dcr2 appears to play an important role in hyphal regeneration and is required to produce the majority of sRNAs in T. atroviride. We also determined that the three main milRNAs produced via Dcr2 are induced during the damage-triggered developmental process. Importantly, elimination of a single milRNA phenocopied the main defects observed in the dcr2 mutant. Our results demonstrate the essential role of milRNAs in hyphal regeneration and asexual development by post-transcriptionally regulating cellular signalling processes involving phosphorylation events. These observations allow us to conclude that fungi, like plants and animals, in response to damage activate fine-tuning regulatory mechanisms.

Assuntos

Hypocreales , MicroRNAs , Animais , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Hifas/genética , Hypocreales/genética , Hypocreales/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Regeneração/genética

RESUMO

Calliandra grandiflora has been used as a medicinal plant for thousands of years in Mexico. Rhizobial strains were obtained from root nodules of C. grandiflora collected from different geographical regions in Chiapas and characterized by BOX-PCR, amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Most isolates corresponded to members of the genus Rhizobium and those not related to species with validly published names were further characterized by recA, atpD, rpoB and nifH gene phylogenies, phenotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. Three novel related species of the genus Rhizobium within the 'Rhizobium tropici group' share the same symbiovar that may be named sv. calliandrae. The names proposed for the three novel species are Rhizobium calliandrae sp. nov. (type strain, CCGE524(T) =ATCC BAA-2435(T) =CIP 110456(T) =LBP2-1(T)), Rhizobium mayense sp. nov. (type strain, CCGE526(T) =ATCC BAA-2446(T) = CIP 110454(T) =NSJP1-1(T)) and Rhizobium jaguaris sp. nov. (type strain, CCGE525(T) =ATCC BAA-2445(T) =CIP 110453(T) =SJP1-2(T)).

Assuntos

Fabaceae/microbiologia , Filogenia , Rhizobium/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genes Bacterianos , México , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fixação de Nitrogênio , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rhizobium/genética , Rhizobium/isolamento & purificação