RESUMO
The influence of the phytoplankton community in the light absorption budget was quantified in coastal waters of the North region of the San Jorge Gulf (Argentinian Patagonia). The phytoplanktonic composition and their absorption spectra were determined. Nanoflagellates and diatoms were the dominant groups. The toxigenic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata was recorded in all the sampling sites. The optical characterization of the particulate material showed that 60 % of the absorption at 443 nm and 88 % of absorption at 675 nm was due to phytoplankton. The contributions of phytoplankton to total absorption at 443 nm wavelengths reached 50 %. The absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and non-algal particles (NAP) was predominant in turbulent waters (>60 %). This study shows the influence of submesoscale physical-biological interactions in the light absorption budget. The field absorption spectra of active optical components are of interest in the assessment and development of regional ocean color satellite algorithms.
Assuntos
Diatomáceas , Dinoflagellida , Fitoplâncton , Algoritmos , Matéria Orgânica DissolvidaRESUMO
Periodic superlattices constitute ideal structures to modulate the transport properties of two-dimensional materials. In this paper, we show that the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in phosphorene can be tuned effectively through periodic magnetic modulation. Deltaic magnetic barriers are arranged periodically along the phosphorene armchair direction in parallel (PM) and anti-parallel magnetization (AM) fashion. The theoretical treatment is based on a low-energy effective Hamiltonian, the transfer matrix method and the Landauer-Büttiker formalism. We find that the periodic modulation gives rise to oscillating transport characteristics for both PM and AM configurations. More importantly, by adjusting the electrostatic potential appropriately we find Fermi energy regions for which the AM conductance is reduced significantly while the PM conductance keeps considerable values, resulting in an effective TMR that increases with the magnetic field strength. These findings could be useful in the design of magnetoresistive devices based on magnetic phosphorene superlattices.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects between 0.6 and 0.9% of the general population, and its treatment implies the total elimination of the intake of this protein. Camel's milk has been suggested as an alternative for patients over one year of age who suffer from CMPA due to the difference in the amino acid sequence from that of cow's milk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of camel's milk in children with CMPA. METHODS: Crossed clinical trial for the use of camel's milk vs. amino acid formula, carried out at the Dr. Federico Gómez Children's Hospital of Mexico (HIMFG) on patients between one and 18 years of age with diagnosed CMPA confirmed through double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs). Only those whose allergies were confirmed were randomly placed into two groups: those to be administered camel's milk and those to be administered the amino-acid formula for two weeks, followed by a six-week wash-out period, and then a group crossing for a further two weeks. RESULTS: 49 patients with suspected CMPA were included in the study; the diagnosis was confirmed through DBPCFCs in 15 patients, who were those who participated in the study. After having been administered camel's milk, none of the patients presented adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Camel's milk is safe and tolerable in patients above one year of age with CMPA and can be considered as a good alternative given the benefit of its taste compared to other formulas.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/imunologia , Proteínas do Leite/imunologia , Adolescente , Animais , Camelus , Bovinos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Reações Cruzadas , Estudos Cross-Over , Dietoterapia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Hipersensibilidade a Leite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
AbstractThe gordiids are freshwater representatives of the parasite phylum Nematomorpha that function as a link between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In recent years, different ecotoxicologic studies have been made with the South-American gordiid species, Chordodes nobilii, that have demonstrated the capacity of this group to act as a bioindicator of contamination. Despite the Gordiida's ecologic relevance, further studies are still needed to elucidate different aspects of the biology of the class, and among those, the infective capacity, a parameter that can be evaluated by the infection index mean abundance (IIMA). A knowledge of the intrinsic variability in the infective capacity of C. nobilii would warrant priority in order to establish, the range of acceptable responses for normal or standard conditions in the laboratory, and, to compare the criteria among different assays. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline value for the infective capacity for C. nobilii larvae, under controlled laboratory conditions, by employing the IIMA as the evaluation parameter. To that end, we analyzed the infective capacity of C. nobilii larvae that had hatched from different strings of eggs laid in the laboratory by a total of 12 females. The C. nobilii adults were collected from streams within the Argentina Sauce Grande basin, between 2006 and 2009. Once in the laboratory, after mating, the females were placed in individual containers for oviposition. The egg strings obtained from each female were cut in 3 mm long segments; and when free larvae were observed, the segments (N= 90) were placed together with 30 Aedes aegypti larvae for evaluation of the gordiids' infective capacity. After 72 h, the mosquito larvae were observed by microscopy in order to quantify the C. nobilii larvae in body cavities. The IIMAs were calculated as the total number of C. nobilii larvae present divided by total number of A. aegypti larvae examined. For analysis of the IIMAs obtained, the data were grouped according to the female who made the original ovoposition. Our results enabled the corroboration of an ample range of responses in the infective capacity of this species, a characteristic that would normally be linked to the progenitors originating the hatch. Because this relationship prevents the establishment of a baseline for making comparisons among assays with gordiids, through the IIMA as a response parameter, we recommend expressing the IIMA values in each assay relative to their respective controls. These findings also provide evidence for the greater success in infections by certain members of the progeny over others. Finally, on the basis of the results obtained from this study, we stress the relevance of the use of the IIMA as a decisive aspect to be considered in different studies on the biology of Gordiida. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (1): 1-8. Epub 2017 March 01.
ResumenLos gordiidos son representantes dulceacuícolas del Phylum parásito Nematomorpha que actúan como un enlace entre ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres. En años recientes, diferentes estudios ecotoxicológicos se han desarrollado con una especie sudamericana de gordiido, C. nobilii, que ha demostrado la capacidad de este grupo de actuar como bioindicador de contaminación. A pesar de su evidente importancia ecológica, aún se necesitan realizar estudios para dilucidar distintos aspectos de su biología, entre estos, la capacidad infectiva, un parámetro que puede evaluarse utilizando el Índice de Infección Abundancia Media (IIMA). El conocimiento de la variabilidad intrínseca en la capacidad infectiva de C. nobilii merece prioridad con el objeto de establecer el ámbito de respuesta aceptable para condiciones normales o estándar en el laboratorio, y que permita comparar los resultados entre distintos ensayos. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la línea de base de la capacidad infectiva del gordiido C. nobilii en condiciones controladas de laboratorio, empleando el IIMA como parámetro de evaluación. Con este fin, se analizó la capacidad infectiva de larvas de C. nobilii que eclosionaron de diferentes cordones de huevos depositados por un total de 12 hembras, mantenidas en laboratorio. Los adultos de C. nobilii fueron recolectados de arroyos de la cuenca argentina Sauce Grande, entre 2006 y 2009. Una vez en el laboratorio, después de la cópula, las hembras se ubicaron en recipientes individuales a la espera de la oviposición. Los cordones de huevos obtenidos de cada hembra se cortaron en segmentos de 3 mm de longitud; y cuando las larvas libres fueron observadas al microscopio, los segmentos (N= 90) fueron ubicados junto con 30 larvas de Aedes aegypti para evaluar la capacidad infectiva del gordiido. Después de 72 h, las larvas del mosquito fueron observadas al microscopio para contabilizar las larvas de C. nobilii en las cavidades corporales. El IIMA fue calculado como el número total de larvas de C. nobilii presentes dividido entre el número total de larvas de A. aegypti examinadas. Para el análisis de los IIMAs obtenidos, los datos fueron agrupados de acuerdo a la hembra que hizo la oviposición. Nuestros resultados permiten corroborar un amplio rango de respuesta en la capacidad infectiva de esta especie, que estaría vinculada al origen de la camada. Debido a que no se pudo establecer una línea de base para realizar comparaciones entre estudios en los gordiidos utilizando el IIMA como parámetro de respuesta, se aconseja relativizar los valores de los IIMAs a sus respectivos controles. Estos resultados también pusieron en evidencia la ventaja en el éxito de infección de algunas progenies sobre las restantes. Finalmente, con base en los resultados obtenidos a partir de este estudio se plantea la importancia del uso del IIMA como punto final a considerar en distintos estudios sobre la biología de los gordiida.
Assuntos
Animais , Carga Parasitária/métodos , Helmintos/patogenicidade , Larva/patogenicidade , Oviposição/fisiologia , Padrões de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Aedes/parasitologia , Água Doce/parasitologiaRESUMO
The gordiids are freshwater representatives of the parasite phylum Nematomorpha that function as a link between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In recent years, different ecotoxicologic studies have been made with the South-American gordiid species, Chordodes nobilii, that have demonstrated the capacity of this group to act as a bioindicator of contamination. Despite the Gordiida's ecologic relevance, further studies are still needed to elucidate different aspects of the biology of the class, and among those, the infective capacity, a parameter that can be evaluated by the infection index mean abundance (IIMA). A knowledge of the intrinsic variability in the infective capacity of C. nobilii would warrant priority in order to establish, the range of acceptable responses for normal or standard conditions in the laboratory, and, to compare the criteria among different assays. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline value for the infective capacity for C. nobilii larvae, under controlled laboratory conditions, by employing the IIMA as the evaluation parameter. To that end, we analyzed the infective capacity of C. nobilii larvae that had hatched from different strings of eggs laid in the laboratory by a total of 12 females. The C. nobilii adults were collected from streams within the Argentina Sauce Grande basin, between 2006 and 2009. Once in the laboratory, after mating, the females were placed in individual containers for oviposition. The egg strings obtained from each female were cut in 3 mm long segments; and when free larvae were observed, the segments (N= 90) were placed together with 30 Aedes aegypti larvae for evaluation of the gordiids' infective capacity. After 72 h, the mosquito larvae were observed by microscopy in order to quantify the C. nobilii larvae in body cavities. The IIMAs were calculated as the total number of C. nobilii larvae present divided by total number of A. aegypti larvae examined. For analysis of the IIMAs obtained, the data were grouped according to the female who made the original ovoposition. Our results enabled the corroboration of an ample range of responses in the infective capacity of this species, a characteristic that would normally be linked to the progenitors originating the hatch. Because this relationship prevents the establishment of a baseline for making comparisons among assays with gordiids, through the IIMA as a response parameter, we recommend expressing the IIMA values in each assay relative to their respective controls. These findings also provide evidence for the greater success in infections by certain members of the progeny over others. Finally, on the basis of the results obtained from this study, we stress the relevance of the use of the IIMA as a decisive aspect to be considered in different studies on the biology of Gordiida.
Assuntos
Helmintos/patogenicidade , Larva/patogenicidade , Carga Parasitária/métodos , Aedes/parasitologia , Animais , Água Doce/parasitologia , Oviposição/fisiologia , Padrões de Referência , Fatores Sexuais , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes tipos de cultivos probióticos en yogurt sobre poblaciones conocidas de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella enteritidis. Los tres tipos diferentes de yogurt comercial utilizados fueron: sin probióticos adicionados, con probióticos CHR HANSEN® (Lactobacillus casei CRL_431 y L. acidophilus CRL_730) y otro con los mismos probióticos mencionados anteriormente, adicionado con cultivo de Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR-35). Se inoculó aproximadamente 109 UFC/mL de cada bacteria potencialmente patógena en los diferentes tipos de yogurt, se mantuvo en refrigeración a 4ºC durante la vida útil de cada uno de estos alimentos (aproximadamente 30 días) y se realizó un recuento bacteriano cada cuatro días incluyendo el mismo día de la inoculación. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que, existe diferencia en cuanto a inhibición entre los yogures sin probióticos y el yogurt comercial con probióticos, observándose un efecto inhibitorio evidente, por parte del segundo sobre las poblaciones de S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7 y L. monocytogenes. Con respecto a los yogures comerciales con probióticos más L. rhamnosus, no se observó alguna diferencia con respecto al efecto inhibitorio que poseen los yogures con probióticos L. casei y L. acidophilus . En los yogures en que se evaluó S. enteritidis se obtuvo la muerte de ésta al cabo de cuatro días. El presente estudio confirma el efecto antagónico que poseen los cultivos probióticos sobre bacterias potencialmente patógenas para el ser humano y animales que pueden estar contenidas en los alimentos.No obstante, el uso del probiótico Lactobacillus rhamnosus no ejerce un efecto inhibitorio adicional.
The effect of different types of probiotics present in yogurt over known populations of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated. The three types of yogurt used were: without added probiotics, with added probiotics (Lactobacillus casei CRL_431 and L. acidophilus CRL_730 CHR HANSEN®) and another one with the same probiotics mentioned above and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR-35) culture. About 109 CFU/ mL of each potentially pathogenic bacteria was added to each type of yogurt tested, and kept in refrigeration at 4ºC during its shelf life, about 30 days. Bacterial count was done the initial day and every four days. Results obtained show that there is a difference in the inhibition between yogurts without added probiotics and the commercial yogurt with added probiotics; there is a clear inhibitory effect of the last one over S. aureus, E coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. The yogurt with added probiotics and L. rhamnosus did not show any additional inhibitory effect over the bacteria tested when compared with the yogurt with added probiotics. S. enteritidis could not be evaluated because it was not detectable in any yogurt samples evaluated four days after its inoculation. This study confirms the antagonic effect of probiotic cultures over potentially pathogenic bacteria for human beings and animals that may be present in food. Nevertheless, the use of L. rhamnosus did not produce any additional inhibitory effect.
Assuntos
Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Iogurte/microbiologia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Probióticos/farmacologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , /efeitos dos fármacos , Manipulação de Alimentos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The broad fish tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium latum, is an exotic species in both Chile and Argentina, and until now, its copepod host has remained unknown in South American waters. The objective of this study was to identify calanoid copepod species that may be intermediate hosts for D. latum in Lake Panguipulli, Chile. In this lake, the highest levels of infection by this tapeworm occur in the introduced rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Of the 2 calanoid copepods found in Lake Panguipulli, Diaptomus diabolicus and Boeckella gracilipes, only D. diabolicus became infected on experimental exposure to coracidia. Prevalence (mean intensity) of experimental infection in adult copepods was 73.2% (2.8 procercoids per host). Diaptomus diabolicus has been demonstrated to be a new intermediate host; this is the first record of a copepod host for D. latum in South America.
Assuntos
Copépodes/parasitologia , Difilobotríase/veterinária , Diphyllobothrium/fisiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/parasitologia , Animais , Chile , Difilobotríase/parasitologia , Difilobotríase/transmissão , Vetores de Doenças , Cães , Doenças dos Peixes/transmissão , Água DoceRESUMO
The ultrastructure of the body wall muscles and the intraepidermal nervous system of the Gordiida Pseudochordodes bedriagae are described. The body wall muscles are of the circomyarian type, since the sarcomeres constitute a system of continuous peripheral helices. The organisation of the sarcomeres follows a pattern that resembles that of the striated muscles. The muscle fibres are separated into areas by invaginations formed exclusively by the plasma membrane (T component), while the sarcoplasmic reticulum lies at the sides of the Z granules forming subsarcolemmal cisternae, and in the zone near the nucleus, like flattened vesicles, contributing with the T component to the formation of dyads and triads. The muscle fibres present two types of adaptations for their innervation: (1) cytoplasmic projections towards the epidermis, and (2) invaginations of the plasmalemma. The motor peripheral nervous system is conformed by the nerve fibres that run within the epidermis and their projections towards the basal membrane in order to contact the adaptations of the muscle fibres in a basi-epidermal synapsis. The presence of an intraepithelial peripheral nervous system in Gordiida confirms a structural pattern common to other taxa of Nemathelminthes.
Assuntos
Epiderme/inervação , Helmintos/ultraestrutura , Músculos/ultraestrutura , Sistema Nervoso/ultraestrutura , Animais , Axônios/ultraestrutura , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Epiderme/ultraestrutura , Matriz Extracelular/ultraestrutura , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/ultraestrutura , Músculos/inervação , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/ultraestrutura , Sarcolema/ultraestruturaRESUMO
There are many species of Nematomorpha which are deficiently described and therefore pose doubts about their actual taxonomic position. This is the case with Spinochordodes tellinii (Comerano, 1888), which was transferred to four different genera and has been recently considered as species incertae sedis. A female of Spinochordodes tellinii is redescribed in this work under light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Cuticle details, shapes and areolar distribution and the features as well as the location of spiniform structures are analysed. The systematic position is discussed.
Assuntos
Helmintos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Feminino , Helmintos/classificação , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The light-microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of Nematomorpha (Gordiacea) integument are described. Nine male Pseudochordodes bedriagae specimens were collected in the 1997 spring-summer period from the Sauce Chico stream in the Sierra de la Ventana, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Of these samples, two were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the other two using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to establish their morphological characteristics. The morphology of the three integumentary components (epidermis, cuticle and epicuticle) is described. Comparing our findings with those of previous studies, numerous similarities are pointed out. Some variants found would probably be related more to the various criteria of interpreting cut incidences and/or fractures than to actual differences. We assume that the different zones of the cuticle and epicuticle are segregated at the germinal stratum level by the epidermal cells, which would later undergo a slow process of maturation until their exocytosis at the level of the free epicuticular surface.
Assuntos
Epiderme/ultraestrutura , Helmintos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Argentina , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Seven cases of sexual behavior during sleep (SBS) have been recently reported. The subjects had histories of behavioral parasomnias as well as positive family histories of parasomnia. A 27 year-old man with a history of sexual behavior during sleep was reported. His sleep history disclosed sleepwalking (SW) since 9 years of age. He also developed episodes of highly disruptive and violent nocturnal behavior with dream enactment at age 20 years, which often resulted in physical injuries either to himself or his wife and infant. His wife also reported episodes of amnestic sexual behavior that began 4 years before referral. During the episodes, the patient typically procured his wife, achieving complete sexual intercourse with total amnesia. Physical and neurological diagnostic workups were unremarkable. Family history disclosed sleepwalking in his brother. He was put on 2mg/day of bedtime clonazepam with a remarkable clinical improvement. This case involves either the combination of violent and non-violent sleepwalking with SBS, or the superimposition of presumed REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) on top of preexisting SW in a man who also developed SBS in adulthood. Thus, this is a case report of probable parasomnia overlap syndrome.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Comportamento do Sono REM/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Sono/fisiologia , Sonambulismo/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Clonazepam/uso terapêutico , Eletroencefalografia , Eletromiografia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtorno do Comportamento do Sono REM/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno do Comportamento do Sono REM/patologia , Comportamento Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Sonambulismo/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Limnomermis subtropicalis n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) a parasite of larvae of Simulium orbitale Lutz (Diptera: Simuliidae) found in Argentina is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by having medium sized amphids, pocket-shaped, medium sized vagina, sculptured spicule, and by having 9 preanal, 7 postanal papillae in the ventral row, and 12 papillae in the lateral rows.
Assuntos
Animais , Mermithoidea/anatomia & histologia , Argentina , Larva/parasitologia , Simuliidae/parasitologiaRESUMO
Limnomermis subtropicalis n. sp. (Nematoda:Mermithidae) a parasite of Simulium orbitale Lutz (Diptera:Simuliidae) found in Argentina is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by having medium sized amphids, pocket-shaped, medium sized vagina, sculptured spicule, and by having 9 preanal, 7 postanal papillae in the ventral row, and 12 papillae in the lateral rows.
Assuntos
Mermithoidea/anatomia & histologia , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Animais , Argentina , Feminino , Larva/parasitologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Presentamos un trabajo sobre la historia de la pediculosis en América Latina, en la que se documenta la presencia y la interpretación cultural de esta enfermedad en las diferentes comunidades indígenas del pasado y actuales, aportando datos sobre la incidencia de esta infestación en distintos países de Latinoamérica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Indígenas Centro-Americanos/história , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/história , Infestações por Piolhos/história , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do PacíficoRESUMO
Presentamos un trabajo sobre la historia de la pediculosis en América Latina, en la que se documenta la presencia y la interpretación cultural de esta enfermedad en las diferentes comunidades indígenas del pasado y actuales, aportando datos sobre la incidencia de esta infestación en distintos países de Latinoamérica. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Oceânicos , Infestações por Piolhos/história , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/história , Indígenas Centro-Americanos/história , América Latina/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Presentamos un trabajo sobre la historia de la pediculosis en América Latina, en la que se documenta la presencia y la interpretación cultural de esta enfermedad en las diferentes comunidades indígenas del pasado y actuales, aportando datos sobre la incidencia de esta infestación en distintos países de Latinoamérica. (AU)
Assuntos
Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , História da Medicina , Povos Indígenas , Infestações por Piolhos/história , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Indígenas Centro-Americanos , América LatinaRESUMO
Eight diurnally active (06:00-23:00 h) subjects were adapted for 2 days to the room conditions where the experiments were performed. Blood sampling for adenosine metabolites and metabolizing enzymes was done hourly during the activity span and every 30 min during sleep. The results showed that adenosine and its catabolites (inosine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid), adenosine synthesizing (S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and 5'-nucleotidase), degrading (adenosine deaminase) and nucleotide-forming (adenosine kinase) enzymes as well as adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) undergo statistically significant fluctuations (ANOVA) during the 24 h. However, energy charge was invariable. Glucose and lactate chronograms were determined as metabolic indicators. The same data analyzed by the chi-square periodogram and Fourier series indicated ultradian oscillatory periods for all the metabolites and enzymatic activities determined, and 24-h oscillatory components for inosine, hypoxanthine, adenine nucleotides, glucose, and the activities of SAH-hydrolase, 5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine kinase. The single cosinor method showed significant oscillatory components exclusively for lactate. As a whole, these results suggest that adenosine metabolism may play a role as a biological oscillator coordinating and/or modulating the energy homeostasis and physiological status of erythrocytes in vivo and could be an important factor in the distribution of purine rings for the rest of the organism.
Assuntos
Adenosina/sangue , Ritmo Circadiano , 5'-Nucleotidase/sangue , Aclimatação , Adenosina Desaminase/sangue , Difosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Adenosina Quinase/sangue , Monofosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Trifosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Adenosil-Homocisteinase , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Glicemia/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrolases/sangue , Hipoxantina/sangue , Inosina/sangue , Lactatos/sangue , Masculino , Ácido Úrico/sangueRESUMO
To evaluate the long-term effects (20 years) of a Chagas control program (CCP) in Venezuela, a prospective serologic evaluation was carried out from 1981 to 1984 on 5771 inhabitants (8%) of Roscio county. This region was selected as a representative area where the national CCP was implemented effectively. Comparison with a serologic survey performed in the same region before the CCP disclosed a reduction in seropositive subjects from 47.8% to 17.1% (p less than .001), most marked amongst children and teenagers from 29.9% to 1.9%, suggesting that transmission of the disease had diminished. Similar seropositivity changes after the CCP were observed nationwide. Because decreased superinfection would also be expected to occur, we tried to ascertain whether the clinical outcome of seropositive individuals living in Roscio county had improved. The mean age of seropositive subjects between both surveys increased significantly from 34.9 +/- 17.3 to 46.7 +/- 15.1 years (p less than .001). Additionally, we examined clinically and obtained electrocardiograms from 775 seropositive subjects. They were classified as asymptomatic (group A, n = 614) or as symptomatic, having mild-to-moderate heart symptoms (group B, n = 99) or having advanced congestive heart failure (group C, n = 62). Their electrocardiograms were compared with those of 923 seronegative subjects collected simultaneously and with published data obtained before the CCP. Comparison of the age-related rates of electrocardiographic abnormalities of seropositive individuals before and after the CCP showed that they did not differ significantly by linear regression analysis, by the Kruskal-Wallis test, or by the normal approximation to the binomial distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)