RESUMO
AIMS: The aims of this article were to select fungal species with high tolerance and high growth rate in mediums supplemented with limonene and citrus essential oils (CEOs), and to test the bioconversion capability of the chosen isolates for the bioproduction of aroma compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on the use of predictive mycology, 21 of 29 isolates were selected after assaying R-(+)-limonene and CEO tolerance (10 g l-1 ). With a dendrogram divisive coefficient of 0·937, the subcluster two with isolates Aspergillus niger LBM 055, Penicillium sp. LBM 150, Penicillium sp. LBM 151 and Penicillium sp. LBM 154 gathered the highest tolerance and mycelia growth speed. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that culture media containing limonene had no visible toxic activity that could promote morphological changes in the fungal cell wall. The biomass of A. niger LBM055 was distinctive in liquid media supplemented with R-(+)-limonene (0·57 ± 0·07 g) and it was selected to prove bioconversion capacity, under static and agitated conditions, and converted up to 98% of limonene, yielding a wide variety of products that were quantified by GC-FID. It was obtained at molecular weights less than limonene (64-100%), between limonene and α-terpineol (12-72%) and greater than α-terpineol (2-48%). CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus niger LBM 055, Penicillium sp. LBM 150, Penicillium sp. LBM 151 and Penicillium sp. LBM 154 showed to the highest tolerance and growth rate in mediums supplemented with R-(+)-limonene and orange and lemon essential oils. Particularly, A. niger LBM055, showed limonene bioconversion capability and produced different molecular weights compounds such us α-terpineol. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Different bioproducts can be obtained by changing operative condition with the same fungus, and this bioprocess aspect is a significant approach to be adopted on industrial scale leading to the creation of new natural flavours and fragrance compositions.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Citrus/economia , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/metabolismo , Limoneno/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Biotransformação , Citrus/química , Meios de Cultura/química , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/química , Aromatizantes/química , Aromatizantes/metabolismo , Limoneno/análise , Limoneno/química , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/metabolismo , Terpenos/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: Isolate and characterize a laccase-encoding gene (lac I) of Phlebia brevispora BAFC 633, as well as cloning and expressing cDNA of lac I in Pichia pastoris. And to obtain a purified and characterized recombinant laccase to analyse the biotechnological application potential. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lac I was cloned and sequenced, it contains 2447 pb obtained by PCR and long-distance inverse PCR. Upstream of the structural region of the laccase gene, response elements such as metals, antioxidants, copper, nitrogen and heat shock were found. The coding region consisted of a 1563-pb ORF encoding 521 amino acids. Lac I was functionally expressed in P. pastoris and it was shown that the gene cloned using the α-factor signal peptide was more efficient than the native signal sequence, in directing the secretion of the recombinant protein. Km and highest kcat /Km values towards ABTS, followed by 2,6-dimethylphenol, were similar to other laccases. Lac I showed tolerance to NaCl and solvents, and nine synthetic dyes could be degraded to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Lac I-encoding gene could be successfully sequenced having cis-acting elements located at the regulatory region. It was found that lac I cDNA expressed in P. pastoris using the α-factor signal peptide was more efficient than the native signal sequence. The purified Lac I exhibited high tolerance towards NaCl and various solvents and degraded some recalcitrant synthetic dyes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The cis-acting elements may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of laccase gene expression. These results may provide a further insight into potential ways of optimizing fermentation process and also open new frontiers for engineering strong promoters for laccase production. The Lac I stability in chloride and solvents and broad decolorization of synthetic dyes are important for its use in organic synthesis work and degradation of dyes from textile effluents respectively.
Assuntos
Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Lacase/genética , Lignina/metabolismo , Polyporales/enzimologia , Clonagem Molecular , Estabilidade Enzimática , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Cinética , Lacase/química , Lacase/isolamento & purificação , Lacase/metabolismo , Pichia/genética , Pichia/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polyporales/química , Polyporales/genética , Sinais Direcionadores de Proteínas , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMO
Leaf-cutting ants live in an obligate symbiosis with a Leucoagaricus species, a basidiomycete that serves as a food source to the larvae and queen. The aim of this work was to isolate, identify and complete the phylogenetic study of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus species of Acromyrmex pubescens. Macroscopic and microscopic features were used to identify the fungal symbiont of the ants. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was used as molecular marker for the molecular identification and to evaluate the phylogeny within the Leucoagaricus genus. One fungal symbiont associated with A. pubescens was isolated and identified as L. gongylophorus. The phylogeny of Leucoagaricus obtained using the ITS molecular marker revealed three well established monophyletic groups. It was possible to recognize one clade of Leucoagaricus associated with phylogenetically derived leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex and Atta). A second clade of free living forms of Leucoagaricus (non-cultivated), and a third clade of Leucoagaricus associated with phylogenetically basal genera of ants were also recognized. The clades corresponded to traditional taxonomic groups, and were differentiated by ecological habitats of different species.
RESUMO
Las metástasis bucales constituyen un grupo de baja frecuencia pero de gran importancia en particular por su localización. Según datos bibliográficos internacionales, representan del 1 por ciento al 8 por ciento de todas las neoplasias malignas bucales. Pueden localizarse tanto en los tejidos blandos como en los huesos maxilares (84 por ciento) prevaleciendo en la mandíbula, principalmente en el área molar, seguida del sector premolar. La localización condilar es rara. En los últimos 55 años sólo han sido reportados 48 casos. Dado que no existen patrones clínicos ni radiográficos que permitan caracterizar las lesiones, estas patologías suelen en un principio ser tratadas erróneamente como desordenes propios de la articulación temporo mandibular (ATM).Se presenta un caso clínico de a una paciente de sexo femenino de 36 años con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma de recto que presenta una metástasis en cóndilo bajo la apariencia clínica de un cuadro de disfunción de la ATM. Corresponde al tercer caso reportado en la literatura.
Oral metastases are a group of low-frequency lesions but important particularly because of its location. According to international bibliographic data represent 1% to 8% of oral malignancies. They can be located both in soft tissues and in the jaws (84%). Prevails in the mandible, mainly in the molar area, followed by the premolar region. The condylar location is extremely rare. Since the clinical and radiographic features are not characteristic, these lesions are often erroneously treated initially as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.In the last 55 years only 48 cases have been reported. We present a 36-years-old female patient with antecedents of rectal adenocarcinoma treated two years ago, having a metastasis in the mandibular condyle with clinical appearance of TMJ dysfunction.This is the third case reported in the literature.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Côndilo Mandibular/lesões , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Mandibulares/secundário , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/ultraestrutura , Biópsia por Agulha , Côndilo Mandibular , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Los padres son los únicos responsables de la salud bucal de sus hijos durante le primeros años de vida, tienen la responsabilidad de inicia a sus hijos en las prácticas de higiene bucal, proporcionarle una dieta equilibrada para favorecer un desarrollo óptimo en todas las estructuras corporal y velar, con la ayuda de un profesional odontológico, por un desarrollo equilibrado de toda la estructura estogmatognática. Este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento y práctica sobre prevención en salud bucodental de padres cuyo hijos acudieron a la cátedra de odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción durante el año 2009, para lo cual se realizó una encuesta sobre higiene bucal, dieta, Flúor, alimentos cariogénicos y erupción dentaria, que constituyeron las variables de interés. La muestra estuvo constituida por 152 sujetos de ambos sexos. Los resultados del estudio demostraron que un 78,9% de los padres encuestados posee conocimiento suficiente, frente a un 21,19% que posee conocimiento insuficiente
Assuntos
Humanos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Odontologia , Odontologia Preventiva/educação , Odontologia Preventiva/tendências , Saúde Bucal/normasRESUMO
The activity concentration of 222Rn, 226Ra and total uranium in groundwater samples collected from wells distributed throughout the state of Chihuahua has been measured. The values obtained of total uranium activity concentration in groundwater throughout the state run from <0.03 up to 1.34 Bq l-1. Generally, radium activity concentration was <0.16 Bq l-1, with some exceptions; in spring water of San Diego de Alcalá, in contrast, the value reached approximately 5.3 Bq l-1. Radon activity concentration obtained throughout the state was from 1.0 to 39.8 Bq l-1. A linear correlation between uranium and radon dissolved in groundwater of individual wells was observed near Chihuahua City. Committed effective dose estimates for reference individuals were performed, with results as high as 134 microSv for infants in Aldama city. In Aldama and Chihuahua cities the average and many individual wells showed activity concentration values of uranium exceeding the Mexican norm of drinking water quality.
Assuntos
Rádio (Elemento)/análise , Radônio/análise , Urânio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Água , Humanos , Lactente , México , Monitoramento de Radiação , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
This paper reports (222)Rn concentrations in ground and drinking water of nine cities of Chihuahua State, Mexico. Fifty percent of the 114 sampled wells exhibited (222)Rn concentrations exceeding 11Bq/L, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) recommended by the USEPA. Furthermore, around 48% (123 samples) of the tap-water samples taken from 255 dwellings showed radon concentrations over the MCL. There is an apparent correlation between total dissolved solids and radon concentration in ground-water. The high levels of (222)Rn found may be entirely attributed to the nature of aquifer rocks.
Assuntos
Radônio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Abastecimento de Água , Cidades , México , Controle de Qualidade , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Monitoramento de Radiação/estatística & dados numéricos , Radônio/normas , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/normas , Abastecimento de Água/normasRESUMO
High-resolution gamma spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th series in soil samples taken from areas surrounding the city of Aldama, in Chihuahua. Results of indoor air short-time sampling, with diffusion barrier charcoal detectors, revealed relatively high indoor radon levels, ranging from 29 to 422 Bq/m3; the radon concentrations detected exceeded 148 Bq/m3 in 76% of the homes tested. Additionally, liquid scintillation counting showed concentrations of radon in drinking water ranging from 4.3 to 42 kBq/m3. The high activity of 238U in soil found in some places may be a result of the uranium milling process performed 20 years ago in the area. High radon concentrations indoor and in water may be explained by assuming the presence of uranium-bearing rocks underneath of the city, similar to a felsic dike located near Aldama. The estimated annual effective dose of gamma radiation from the soil and radon inhalation was 3.83 mSv.
Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Radioisótopos de Potássio/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação , Radônio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Tório/análise , Urânio/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Humanos , México , Doses de Radiação , Solo/análise , Espectrometria gama , Abastecimento de Água/análiseRESUMO
Several calibration settings of diffusion barrier charcoal canister (DBCC) detectors for measuring radon concentration in air were studied. A set of functions and graphs were developed for relations between radon concentration in air and adsorbed activity in DBCC, when calibrated in small chambers. Both the integration time for 10% of DBCC of a batch, and the radon adsorption coefficient for the activated charcoal used in these detectors, were determined. Thus, a semi-empirical expression for detector calibration was applied.
Assuntos
Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/análise , Calibragem/normas , Carvão Vegetal/química , Radiometria/instrumentação , Radiometria/normas , Radônio/análise , Adsorção , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/química , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar/isolamento & purificação , Simulação por Computador , Difusão , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , México , Doses de Radiação , Radiometria/métodos , Radônio/química , Radônio/isolamento & purificação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , UltrafiltraçãoAssuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias Ósseas , Criocirurgia , Extremidades , FibromaAssuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Feminino , Criocirurgia , Extremidades , Fibroma , Neoplasias ÓsseasRESUMO
Se presenta una nina de dos anos, con tumores fibromatosos, sobreelevados, firmes, indoloros, localizados en region dorsolateral de los dedos medio y anular de mano derecha. Aparecidos al mes de edad. Se comenta la clasificacion de fibromatosis juveniles dentro de las cuales se incluye la fibromatosis digital infantil y se realizan diagnosticos diferenciales. Se destaca el buen resultado terapeutico con criocirugia
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Feminino , Criocirurgia , Dedos , FibromaRESUMO
Se presenta una nina de dos anos, con tumores fibromatosos, sobreelevados, firmes, indoloros, localizados en region dorsolateral de los dedos medio y anular de mano derecha. Aparecidos al mes de edad. Se comenta la clasificacion de fibromatosis juveniles dentro de las cuales se incluye la fibromatosis digital infantil y se realizan diagnosticos diferenciales. Se destaca el buen resultado terapeutico con criocirugia
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Feminino , Criocirurgia , Fibroma , DedosRESUMO
Se hizo un estudio controlado en un grupo de pacientes con verrugas vulgares utilizando como tratamiento el sulfato de Bleomicina intralesional, comparado con solucion salina normal (placebo). Los resultados han demostrado una diferencia ampliamente significativa, (p=0,0000226) a favor de la Bleomicina, estos resultados permiten sugerir el uso de la Bleomicina intralesional en los casos de verruga vulgar recalcitrante a los tratamientos convencionales, especialmente las plantares