RESUMO
Although both obesity and ageing are risk factors for cognitive impairment, there is no evidence in Chile on how obesity levels are associated with cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between adiposity levels and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. This cross-sectional study includes 1384 participants, over 60 years of age, from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010. Cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination. BMI and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures of adiposity. Compared with people with a normal BMI, the odds of cognitive impairment were higher in participants who were underweight (OR 4·44; 95 % CI 2·43, 6·45; P < 0·0001), overweight (OR 1·86; 95 % CI 1·06, 2·66; P = 0·031) and obese (OR 2·26; 95 % CI 1·31, 3·21; P = 0·003). The associations were robust after adjustment for confounding variables. Similar results were observed for WC. Low and high levels of adiposity are associated with an increased likelihood of cognitive impairment in older adults in Chile.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Envelhecimento , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Information about gonadal asymmetries in ruminants is very scarce. In this work, we performed three complementary studies to compare characteristics of both testes: (i) weight and size of offspring and adult dead males; (ii) the tissue:fluid relationship determined by ultrasound scanning; and (iii) the spermatogenic status using fine needle aspiration cytology. The right testis was heavier than the left one in both offspring and adult animals and had greater width and volume in adult males than the left one. The ultrasound pixel intensity was similar in both testes. The right testis tended to have more spermatogonia (p = .06) and had a greater percentage of early spermatids (p = .004) than the left testis. On the other hand, the left testis had a greater percentage of spermatozoa (p = .05). The left testis had a greater spermatozoa/spermatogonia ratio (p = .02) and tended to have more spermatozoa/Sertoli cells ratio (p = .07). The spermatogenic index tended to be greater in the left than in the right testis (p = .06). Overall, we concluded that the right testis of pampas deer males is bigger but according to the cytology, it seems to be less spermatogenically effective than the left one, but these differences are not explained by different tissue:fluid ratio in each testis. Although differences were greater in adults than in offspring, asymmetry was observed even in just born offspring.
Assuntos
Cervos/anatomia & histologia , Espermatogênese/fisiologia , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/veterinária , Cervos/fisiologia , Masculino , Células de Sertoli/citologia , Espermátides/citologia , Espermatogônias/citologia , Espermatozoides/citologia , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Testículo/patologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , UruguaiRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antlers are lined by soft velvet tissue during antler growth. Later, the velvet is shed before rut onset. There are no detailed histological descriptions of the growing velvet, nor whether the velvet changes according to stag age. Our aims were to: 1) describe the basic histology of pampas deer antler velvet from adult and yearling males; and 2) determine the influence of age and time of antler growth on velvet's tissues morphometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from 10 stags allocated in two groups, either adult (3-5 years old, n = 5) or yearling males (2 years old, n = 5). The day of antler cast was recorded for each animal. In spring, the stags were anaesthetised and velvet samples were collected from the third tine's distal end. Samples were described qualitatively and a restricted morphometrical analysis of the antler velvet was performed. RESULTS: The number of keratinocyte layers and the thicknesses of: total epidermis, corneum, intermediate and basale epidermal strata, total dermis, superficial and deep dermis were determined. Age and days after antler casting positively influenced in conjunction epidermal thickness (p = 0.037), and tended to influence both stratum intermedium (p = 0.076) and stratum corneum (p = 0.1) thicknesses. Age influenced stratum corneum thickness (p = 0.04). The pampas deer antler velvet lacked both sweat glands and arrector pili muscles. CONCLUSIONS: The deep dermis was densely irrigated but displayed abundant and well developed collagen bundles. Both total epidermal and stratum corneum thicknesses related positively to the age of the animals but were not to the time since antler cast.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Chifres de Veado/anatomia & histologia , Chifres de Veado/citologia , Cervos/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Derme/citologia , Epiderme/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The Heliothinae complex in Argentina encompasses Helicoverpa gelotopoeon (Dyar), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and Chloridea virescens (Fabricius). In Tucumán, the native species H. gelotopoeon is one of the most voracious soybean pests and also affects cotton and chickpea, even more in soybean-chickpea succession cropping systems. Differentiation of the Heliothinae complex in the egg, larva, and pupa stages is difficult. Therefore, the observation of the adult wing pattern design and male genitalia is useful to differentiate species. The objective of this study was to identify the species of the Heliothinae complex, determine population fluctuations of the Heliothinae complex in soybean and chickpea crops using male moths collected in pheromone traps in Tucuman province, and update the geographical distribution of H. armigera in Argentina. The species found were H. gelotopoeon, H. armigera, H. zea, and C. virescens. Regardless of province, county, crop, and year, the predominant species was H. gelotopoeon Considering the population dynamics of H. gelotopoeon and H. armigera in chickpea and soybean crops, H. gelotopoeon was the most abundant species in both crops, in all years sampled, and the differences registered were significant. On the other hand, according to the Sistema Nacional Argentino de Vigilancia y Monitoreo de Plagas (SINAVIMO) database and our collections, H. armigera was recorded in eight provinces and 20 counties of Argentina, and its larvae were found on soybean, chickpea, sunflower crops and spiny plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides). This is the first report of H. armigera in sunflower and spiny plumeless thistle in Argentina.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Biodiversidade , Mariposas/classificação , Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Argentina , Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Mariposas/anatomia & histologia , Mariposas/fisiologiaRESUMO
Understanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus (Burmeister) is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiological importance of this group. Biological parameters related to egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and the accumulative mortality for each instar of three M. phyllosomus subspecies [Meccus phyllosomus pallidipennis (Stål), Meccus phyllosomus longipennis (Usinger), and Meccus phyllosomus picturatus (Usinger)] as well as their laboratory hybrids were evaluated and compared. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were recorded among the experimental hybrids (M. p. longipennis × M. p. pallidipennis, M. p. longipennis × M. p. picturatus, M. p. pallidipennis × M. p. picturatus) and reciprocal cohorts. In five of the six studied parameters (egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, number of laid eggs and accumulative mortality), with the exception of the non-significant percentage of females obtained among all the studied cohorts, at least one of the parental cohorts in each set of crosses exhibited better fitness results than by those of their hybrid descendants. The lack of hybrid fitness in our study indicates the maintenance of reproductive isolation of parental genotypes. Moreover, the results lead us to propose that an incipient speciation process by distance is currently developing among the three studied subspecies, increasing the differences between them that modify the transmission efficiency of Trypanosoma cruzi to human beings in Mexico.
Assuntos
Hemípteros/fisiologia , Hibridização Genética , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Feminino , Hemípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hemípteros/parasitologia , Masculino , México , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de Tempo , Trypanosoma cruziRESUMO
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, is one of the most epidemiologically important vector-borne zoonoses in Mexico. Among the 32 reported triatomine species from Mexico, Meccus mazzottii (Usinger) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is one of the most important vectors of T. cruzi in the southern part of the country. Variability among populations of triatomines has been recorded for several species (Meccus longipennis (Usinger) and Meccus pallidipennis (Stal)) that are closely related to M. mazzottii, showing an apparent influence of local environmental conditions on the biology of each population, which could modify the impact of vector control measurements. Therefore, this study sought to compare the biological features of populations of M. mazzottii from two geographically far apart areas that have similar environmental characteristics and to compare populations from close geographical areas that have different environmental characteristics. The mean longevity, percentages of mortality of nymphs, the total mean number of bloodmeals to molt (considered instar by instar), the mean number of eggs laid by females, and the percentage of hatched eggs were similar between the two localities that are geographically far apart but have similar environmental characteristics. On the other hand, important differences were noticed when a comparison was carried out on the two localities with similar environmental conditions with respect to that locality with different conditions, independent of geographic distance. Most of the studied parameters led us to conclude that the three studied populations are very highly influenced by local environmental conditions. The results of this study indicate the importance of studying the biological characteristics of local populations of triatomines to carry out specific control measurements, instead of using standard ones that could fail if they are not adapted to the target population.
Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Geografia , Reduviidae/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Feminino , Fertilidade , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Longevidade , México , Muda/fisiologia , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oviposição , Reduviidae/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Argentina has to meet quarantine restrictions because of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to export 'Hass' avocados, Persea americana Miller, to certain countries. Hass avocado at the hard, mature green stage is potentially a conditional nonhost for C. capitata and could open export markets without the need for a quarantine treatment. Trapping data from 1998 to 2006 showed that C. capitata was present in avocado orchards, particularly early in the harvest season. The host status of hard, mature green Hass avocado to C. capitata was evaluated using laboratory and field cage tests under no-choice conditions and by assessing natural levels of infestation in commercially harvested fruit from the main avocado production area. In total, 2,250 hard, mature green avocado fruit were exposed to 11,250 gravid females for 24 or 48 h after harvest in laboratory or field cages, and no infestations were found. During 11 seasons, 5,949 fruit in total were sampled from the trees and 992 fruit were collected from the ground, and in none of them were any live or dead fruit fly larvae found. Inspection of >198,000 commercial fruit at the packinghouse from 1998 to 2011 showed no symptoms of fruit fly infestation. These data exceed the published standards for determination of nonhost status, as well as the Probit 9 standard for development of quarantine treatments. Hass avocado harvested at the hard, mature green stage was not infested by C. capitata and seems to pose a negligible quarantine risk. As a consequence, no postharvest treatment or other quarantine actions should be required by importing countries.
Assuntos
Ceratitis capitata , Frutas/parasitologia , Persea/parasitologia , Animais , Argentina , Comércio , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to characterize changes in physiological and biochemical parameters during electroejaculation (EE) under general anaesthesia in adult and yearling pampas deer males (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). The relation between heart rate, pulse rate, respiratory rate and oximetry with EE voltages was studied. The changes in cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and rectal temperature were determined before and after electroejaculation (BEE and AEE). Heart rate and pulse rate values increased during EE, with a greater increase in heart rate in adults (p < 0.01). Respiratory rate and SpO(2) were not affected by EE or category. The rectal temperature decreased in adults and yearlings during EE (p = 0.0001). Alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations increased AEE (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase concentrations were greater in young than in adult males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the EE under general anaesthesia in the pampas deer provoked increases in heart and pulse rates, as well as in creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, and a decrease in rectal temperature in both categories. Oximetry values were especially low during the procedure. Heart rate increase was greater in adult males, and alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase concentrations were greater in yearlings.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Cervos/fisiologia , Ejaculação , Estimulação Elétrica , Animais , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies has become one of the priorities of the clinical establishments in the health sector, due both to the increase in positive cases found in transfusion centres as well as to the appearance of patients with characteristic Chagas cardiopathies that seek emergency treatment in the main hospitals of Querétaro (Mexico). DESIGN AND METHODS: The present study seeks to establish for the first time the infection level of Trypanosoma cruzi, in the rural communities of this state and implement the preventive measures necessary to control and/or eradicate this infection. A transversal study was conducted, examining seriologically 1029 blood samples of the inhabitants of rural areas of the state of Querétaro, to detect anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies. RESULTS: The indirect serological diagnostic tests were indirect hemagglutination, enzymo-immunoenzymatic absorbent, recombinant ELISA, and indirect immunofluorescence. For the diagnostic evaluation of serological tests used, ELISA was considered the control test. CONCLUSIONS: The first conclusion was that the two tests with the greatest serological reactivity were ELISA and recombinant ELISA, followed by IFA and IHA, respectively, with the final percentage of positives being 6.6%, far above the national mean of seroprevalence in Mexico (1.6%). On the other hand, the sensitivity, specificity, VP+, VP-, percentage of concordance and Kappa index of the recombinant ELISA tests, IFA, and IHA were determined against the control ELISA. It was found that ELISA and recombinant ELISA presented a greater sensitivity level, as well as the highest values for the different parameters studied.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , México , População Rural , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Restablecer la cobertura cutánea en lesiones de urgencia es un desafío para el cirujano, más aún si se trata del pene, ya sea por desforramiento accidental o secundario a procesos sépticos de la región perineal. Se presentan 2 casos. El primero por lesión accidental en un menor de 9 años, quien pierde la totalidad de la piel peneana. El segundo caso en un paciente de 65 años, diabético e hipertenso que presentó un episodio de fasceítis necrotizante. En ambos casos se realiza una cobertura cutánea del defecto utilizando 2 colgajos fasciocutßneos de las bolsas escrotales. En el caso del ni±o, el defecto de cobertura creado en éstas se cubre con colgajo fasciocutáneo de la cara anterior del muslo, y éste último con un injerto dermoepidérmico de la extremidad contralateral, utilizando la misma técnica descrita para el menor. La técnica utilizada cumplió plenamente con los objetivos de realizar una cobertura adecuada, semejante a la piel original, sin interferir con el desarrollo sexual normal del menor y minimizando el trauma psicológico. En el paciente adulto los resultados funcionales y estéticos son adecuados. En la literatura revisada hay muy pocos casos clínicos con utilización de ésta técnica.
To restore the cutaneous coverage in urgency injuries is a challenge for the surgeon, even more if it is a question of cutaneous coverage of the penis, by accidental degloving or secondary to septic processes of perineal región. We present two cases. The first one is a 9 years oíd minor, who lost the totality of his penis skin by accidental injury. The second case is a diabetic and hypertense, 65 years oíd patient, who had an episode of necrotizing fasciitis. In both cases the defect was covered with 2 fasciocutaneous flaps from the scrotal bags. In the child case the defect created in this area was repaired by an antero-internal thigh fasciocutaneous flap and finally the thigh defect was covered by split-skin grafts taken from the contralateral lower limb. The used technique fulfilled the objectives to make a suitable cover and similar to original skin, without interfering with the normal sexual development of the minor and to attenuate the psychological trauma. In the adult patient the functional and aesthetic results are satisfactory. In reviewed Hterature, there are just a few cases of this surgical technique.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pênis/lesões , Pele/lesões , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Escroto/cirurgia , Pênis/cirurgia , Pele/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: La reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo miocutáneo transverso de recto anterior del abdomen (TRAM), es un recurso disponible en la rehabilitación del cáncer mamario. Existe poca literatura respecto de los cambios que experimenta la pared abdominal previamente debilitada con una gestación. Nuestro objetivo es divulgar nuestra experiencia en una paciente nuligesta, reconstruida con colgajo TRAM y que presentó embarazo de término por parto vaginal, sin incidentes. Material y Método: Análisis retrospectivo de ficha clínica. Paciente de 29 años sometida a radioterapia preoperatoria y mastectomía derecha simple extendida por cáncer mamario. Se realizó reconstrucción mamaria al año, con colgajo TRAM; se utilizó músculo recto unilateral, sin malla protésica, a los tres meses se reconstruyó pezón con injerto de piel perineal con técnica Skate-Flap. Se embarazó sin planificación en el postoperatorio inmediato de la reconstrucción de pezón. Inicia controles en unidad de alto riesgo obstétrico al quinto mes de gestación. Desarrolló un embarazo sin complicaciones, teniendo un parto vaginal de término con recién nacido masculino vivo de 2720 grs. El último control se realizó a los seis años, libre de enfermedad y no encontrándose hernia de la pared abdominal. Conclusiones: Los cambios que experimentó el abdomen, durante la gestación no afectaron la pared debilitada por la ausencia de uno de los músculos rectos abdominales. Se cumplió el objetivo de la reconstrucción mamaria respecto de recuperar la feminidad alterada por una mastectomía. El caso advierte al equipo médico respecto de tomar las precauciones ante la fertilidad en una mujer sexualmente activa.
Mammary reconstruction using Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneos Flap (TRAM) is successfully used for mammary reconstruction after breast cancer surgery. The absence of the anterior rectus muscle modifies the functional properties of the abdominal wall. There is little knowledge about what occurs with a debilitated abdominal wall during pregnancy after mammary reconstruction using a TRAM flap. We report a 29 years old patient, who was treated for breast cancer with preoperative radiotherapy and a right side mastectomy with lymphadenectomy. TRAM flap was done one year later; a single rectus abdominis was used and the abdominal wall was not reinforced with a mesh. After three months, the nipple was reconstructed with the skate flap technique. Although it was not planned, she got pregnant and did not search for obstetric assessment until the fifth month. She was followed at the high risk obstetric unit and no complications were observed in her abdominal wall. She had a vaginal delivery of a healthy full term male newborn weighing 2720 grams. Six years later, there was no evidence of abdominal wall complications. Therefore, abdominal stress during pregnancy did not affect the debilitated abdominal wall after rotation of the rectus abdominis muscle.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/cirurgia , Mamoplastia/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir los resultados derivados de realizar una cirugía menor (CM) por el médico general y analizar la correlación diagnóstico prequirúrgico y diagnóstico histopatológico. El tipo de diseño de este trabajo es descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se analizarán las intervenciones realizadas durante dos años por médicos generales, en el Hospital de Parral. Las mediciones y resultados principales que se analizaron son variables descriptivas (edad y sexo, localización, diagnóstico de la lesión, motivo de la CM, tipo de intervención, tiempo de espera y resultados histológicos) de todas las intervenciones. Se compara el diagnóstico previo respecto al histopatológico. Se practicaron 425 intervenciones. Se obtuvieron datos completos en 404 pacientes (229 hombres y 105 mujeres; edad media de 42 años). El motivo más habitual de la CM fue el estético, el dolor local seguido del miedo a la malignidad de la lesión. Las técnicas quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron la exéresis quirúrgica 45,7 por ciento y extirpación con electrobisturí 19,2 por ciento. Las lesiones tratadas fueron principalmente quiste epidérmico, 43 casos, verrugas, 77 casos, y patología ungueal, 46 casos. Se remitieron al Servicio de Anatomía Patológica 220 casos y el acuerdo diagnóstico con su informe histopatológico fue del 66,2 por ciento. El tiempo medio de espera del resultado del informe fue de 12 días.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Menores/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Listas de EsperaRESUMO
El presente trabajo es un estudio retrospectivo que tiene como objetivo verificar los factores predisponentes más importantes en 61 pacientes con hernia incisional que ingresaron al servicio de cirugía del Hospital de Lota y fueron sometidos a intervención quirúrgica entre abril del año 2002 y abril del 2004. Como resultado, la incidencia en cuanto al sexo mostró una proporción de 4 a 1 entre mujeres y hombres; es decir, un 80,3 por ciento de mujeres y un 19,6 por ciento de hombres. En cuanto a la distribución por edad, la mayor incidencia fue para el grupo etáreo comprendido entre 41 a 60 años, con un 62,2 por ciento. Dentro de los factores predisponentes más importantes, tenemos: la obesidad (con un índice de masa corporal promedio de 31,2), las cirugías previas y, dentro de éstas, las cirugías ginecológicas (54 por ciento), la colecistectomía abierta (32,7 por ciento), la apendicectomía (3,2 por ciento) y otras (9,8 por ciento). No hubo mortalidad y morbilidad (3,2 por ciento) se debió principalmente a la reacción al material de sutura.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Hérnia/cirurgia , Hérnia/epidemiologia , Hérnia/etiologia , Chile , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Incidência , Obesidade/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
El correcto tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio constituye una prioridad dentro de los objetivos del anestesiólogo. En pacientes con patología vascular severa quirúrgica, el tratamiento analgésico efectivo se suele realizar mediante bloqueo continuo epidural. Sin embargo, la administración de analgésicos, tanto opiáceos como no opiáceos, por vía intravenosa, es una alternativa a la vía epidural cuando esta es desestimada. El clorhidrato de remifentanilo es un opioide de acción ultracorta con elevada potencia analgésica. Debido a sus propiedades farmacocinéticas es un fármaco predecible en el inicio de acción y en la desaparición de sus efectos, independientemente de la infusión o la dosis total administrada. Dada la ausencia de efecto analgésico residual tras anestesia general con este fármaco, es preciso establecer un adecuado plan analgésico postoperatorio. Remifentanilo a dosis inferiores a 0,2µg.kg-¹.min-¹ permite optimizar la analgesia y confort de los pacientes en la URPA, siendo una alternativa al uso del bloqueo central epidural para control del dolor postoperatorio en cirugía vascular de urgencias.
Assuntos
Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Anestesia Intravenosa/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Anestésicos Intravenosos/uso terapêutico , Monitorização Fisiológica , Piperidinas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
La hidatidosis por equinococcus granolossus es una parasitosis que afecta principalmente a hígado y pulmón y que en una mínima proporción implica de forma primaria al músculo. Presentamos 2 casos de pacientes intervenidos por una masa quística muscular que tras llegar al diagnóstico de hidatidosis fue tratada con antihelmínticos. Se practicó intervención radical resecando en bloque la periquística. en el seguimiento postoperatorio no se apreciaron imágenes quísticas no siendo necesarias nuevas intervenciones. El tratamiento de elección de la hidatidosis en cualquier localización es la resección quirúrgica radical (quistoperiquistectomía), lo que requiere un diagnóstico previo adecuado. Ante una masa quística muscular no se debe olvidar esta lozalización de la hidatidosis, ya que el primer tratamiento que se realice determinará la evolución de una patología benigna que, como en nuestro caso, puede evolucionar con recurrencias múltiples, muy invalidantes y de difícil resolución. La rareza de un caso de hidatosis muscular primaria, incluso en un país endémico como el nuestro, junto con la evolución peculiar, que puede recordar ciertas premisas básicas en el tratamiento de la enfermedad hidatídica, sea cual sea su localización, han motivado la comunicación de estos casos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Musculares/cirurgia , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico , Equinococose/cirurgia , Equinococose/diagnósticoRESUMO
La hernioplastía con malla ha tenido gran difusión dados los buenos resultados que se ha obtenido, por lo que fue incorporado a nuestro servicio a fines del 2003. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar los resultados de esta técnica versus la técnica tradicional. Se revisó los antecedentes de 392 pacientes sometidos a hernioplastías; 166 mallas y 226 sin malla, edad promedio fue de 55 años y rango de 16 a 86. Hernias derechas fueron 222 (56 por ciento) y 170 izquierdas (44 por ciento). Se aplicó en todos los casos técnica abierta; 343 hernias primarias y 49 recidivas, de las cuales 11 son dentro del período de observación (8 sin malla y 3 con malla). La estadía postoperatoria fue un 88 por ciento menor a 2 días. La recidiva global determinada en el período fue de 12, de la cual es 1 por ciento en malla y 17 por ciento en sin malla, con su seguimiento promedio de 1,3 años (de 1 mes hasta 2,8 años). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron el serohematoma (4,6 por ciento), seguido por infección de la herida operatoria (1,6 por ciento). El dolor crónico (más allá de 3 meses se reportó en un 6 por ciento (4 por ciento en con tensión y 2 por ciento en sin tensión). No hubo morbilidad en esta serie.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Polipropilenos/uso terapêutico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Chile/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The aim of the study was to investigate the histological characteristics and steroid concentrations in follicular fluid of different populations of follicles at different stages of development, during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle in cows. Follicles from ovaries collected at a slaughterhouse were allocated into three size categories (small, 2-5.9 mm; medium, 6-13.9 mm; and large, 14-20 mm) in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Slices were stained with HE and PAS for histological analysis. Follicular fluid was pooled according to size and pregnancy status and estradiol, testosterone and progesterone concentrations in follicular fluid were determined by RIA. Characteristics of healthy follicles did not differ, regardless of follicle size or pregnancy status. Total histological atresia was significantly higher in pregnant cows than in non-pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Estradiol increased and testosterone decreased significantly, while follicles increased in size, in both non-pregnant and pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Nonpregnant cows had the highest estradiol values in follicles of all sizes. Medium and large follicles from pregnant cows showed the lowest testosterone concentration (p < 0.05). Progesterone levels increased with follicle size only in non-pregnant animals. In large follicles, progesterone concentration was significantly higher in non-pregnant cows than in pregnant cows (p < 0.05). Considering steroid concentration and histological findings, most large follicles might be atretic during pregnancy in cattle.
Assuntos
Bovinos/fisiologia , Atresia Folicular/fisiologia , Líquido Folicular/metabolismo , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Prenhez/metabolismo , Esteroides/metabolismo , Animais , Estradiol/metabolismo , Ciclo Estral/metabolismo , Feminino , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folículo Ovariano/metabolismo , Gravidez , Progesterona/metabolismo , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMO
Desde el comienzo de su actividad, en abril del 2003, más de 30 pacientes han sido atendidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos del Hospital San José de Parral. Se describen en este trabajo las características generales de 30 pacientes atendidos en el período de 1 año comprendido entre mayo del 2003 y mayo del 2004. Evaluar la prevalencia del uso, vías de administración y pautas de rescate de opioides potentes y otros fármacos para tratar el dolor oncológico según la intensidad del dolor.
Assuntos
Humanos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/administração & dosagem , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Medição da Dor/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição da Dor/métodosRESUMO
El objetivo de nuestro estudio es el de identificar las diferencias existentes entre los pacientes informados y los no informados, además de identificar las causas por las que los familiares se niegan a dar este tipo de información a sus enfermos. Para ello realizamos entrevistas y observación directa a un total de 30 enfermos. Con una media de 2,8 visitas por pacientes, observamos que sólo el 36,7 por ciento de éstos están informados y que ciertamente esta información influye en su calidad de vida, al tener estos pacientes una comunicación más abierta, menos temores y preocupaciones, expectativas ajustadas, se sienten más motivados para luchar y además aprenden a canalizar sus esperanzas hacia aspectos más adaptativos que la esperanza de cura.