RESUMO
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; the sum of death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization rates) according to interventional strategies guided by invasive physiological methods in both sexes in a Brazilian population during long-term follow-up for an average of 2 years. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 151 consecutive patients (232 lesions) between January 2018 and January 2022. The participants were divided into two groups: the female group (FG), comprising 59 patients with 88 lesions, and the male group (MG), comprising 92 patients with 144 lesions. Results: The FG had a greater mean age (FG: 67.96 ± 13.12 vs. MG: 62.36 ± 12.01 years, p = 0.009) and lower mean creatinine clearance (FG: 79.35 ± 38.63 vs. MG: 92.02 ± 38.62 mL/min, p = 0.02) than did the MG. The percentage of lesions in the left main coronary artery was higher in the FG than in the MG (12.5% vs. 2.78%, p = 0.006). The mean follow-up time was longer in the MG than in the FG (795.61 ± 350 vs. 619.19 ± 318 days, respectively; p = 0.001). MACE occurred in 11.86% and 13.04% of patients in the FG and MG, respectively (p = 0.850). Secondary outcomes, such as death, reinfarction, and the need for new revascularization, showed no significant between-sex differences. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the safety of invasive physiological methods to determine coronary revascularization in both male and female patients in a Brazilian population, as evidenced by the low rates of adverse cardiac events and death after a long-term follow-up.
RESUMO
Introdução: Na síndrome coronariana aguda, o uso de múltiplos fármacos anticoagulantes e antiagregantes plaquetários contribui para o risco de sangramentos, incluindo aqueles da via de acesso vascular, particularmente no sexo feminino. O uso da artéria radial como via de acesso vascular mostrou reduzir a incidência de complicações. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, que incluiu pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda submetidos a intervenções coronárias percutâneas por via radial, divididos de acordo com o sexo. Foram analisados os perfis dos pacientes, assim como as evoluções clínicas inicial e tardia. Resultados: Pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (n = 188) foram submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea por acesso radial, sendo 34,6% mulheres. Os grupos não mostraram diferenças em relação às variáveis clínicas, com exceção do EuroSCORE e o clearence de creatinina, que caracterizaram um perfil um pouco mais complexo nas mulheres. Em relação às características angiográficas e do procedimento, não foram observadas diferenças em relação à maioria das variáveis. Dois terços dos pacientes tinham acometimento multiarterial, e as lesões tipo não C foram as mais tratadas. As taxas hospitalares de óbito (5,8% vs. 5,5%; p = 0,81), infarto do miocárdio (1,4% vs. 0; p = 0,76) e intervenção coronária percutânea de urgência (1,4% vs. 0; p = 0,76) foram semelhantes entre os grupos; os sangramentos graves foram raros (1,4% vs. 0; p = 0,76). Na evolução tardia, os eventos cardíacos maiores (18,3% vs. 17,1%; p = 0,67) foram semelhantes. Conclusões: Intervenção coronária percutânea por via radial mostrou-se tão efetiva nas mulheres quanto nos homens, no cenário da síndrome coronariana aguda, com alta taxa de sucesso e evolução clínica similar. Mostrou também ser segura, uma vez que os sangramentos foram eventos raros na população avaliada.
Background: In acute coronary syndrome, the use of multiple anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs contributes to the risk of bleeding, including vascular access site bleeding, particularly in female patients. The use of the radial artery as a vascular access has shown to reduce the incidence of complications. Methods: Retrospective study including patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access, divided by gender. Patient profiles were analyzed, as well as the early and late outcomes. Results: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (n = 188) were submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention using the radial access and 34.6% of them were female. Clinical variables were similar between groups, except for the EuroSCORE and creatinine clearance, characterizing a slightly more complex profile in women. There were no differences in angiographic and procedure-related characteristics for most of the variables. Two thirds of the patients had multivessel disease and type non-C lesions were the most treated lesions. In-hospital death rates (5.8% vs. 5.5%; p = 0.81), myocardial infarction (1.4% vs. 0; p = 0.76) and emergency percutaneous intervention (1.4% vs 0; p = 0.76) were similar between groups and severe bleeding was rare (1.4% vs 0; p = 0.76). In the late follow-up, major adverse cardiac events (18.3% vs. 17.1%; p = 0.67) were similar. Conclusions: The transradial approach for per-cutaneous coronary intervention proved to be as effective in women as in men in the setting of acute coronary syndrome, with a high success rate and similar clinical outcomes. It also proved to be safe, since bleeding events were rare in the evaluated population.