RESUMO

Background: Splenic stromal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that shares the morphology of spindle cells, and are considered a primary mesenchymal neoplasm of the spleen. Among these neoplasms, some are as yet unclassified. Although stromal neoplasms represent 25 a 50% of dog splenic neoplasms in dogs, subtypes rarely occur alone. As these neoplasms are difficult to diagnose in the routine veterinary medical examination, the objective of this article was to report a case of splenic stromal sarcoma in a dog treated at a private veterinary hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: An 8-year-old male labrador dog was treated at a veterinary hospital for an initial clinical suspicion of gastroenteritis. Clinical examinations showed anemic ocular mucosa and a distended abdomen. Considering the animal's condition, blood count, serum biochemistry, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) were requested. The laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and changes in the indices of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), among other findings. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, diffuse splenomegaly, a neoformation in the spleen suggestive of splenic neoplasia, and mild cystic prostatic hyperplasia. The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy. During the procedure, a nodule was found attached to the spleen. It was removed, fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations (vimentin, S100, desmin, MyoD1, HHF35, CD31, and alpha smooth muscle actin). The histopathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated spindle cell splenic sarcoma, compatible with splenic stromal sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed neoplastic cells immunoreactive for vimentin and S100, and it was not reactive for other markers. Based on the immunohistochemical and morphological profile, the diagnosis of splenic stromal sarcoma was confirmed. Discussion: Dogs affected by splenic neoplasms are generally aged between three and 17 years, and clinically present with anorexia, emesis, lethargy, weight loss, and abdomen distension, which were observed in the present case. However, a purelyclinical diagnosis is disputable, since other diseases can present the same signs. Thus, complementary exams are essential for a correct diagnosis. Laboratory changes in blood count and serum biochemistry are considered nonspecific for splenic neoplasms, with neutrophilic leukocytosis and anemia being consistent with paraneoplastic syndromes frequently diagnosed in small animals. Microscopically, splenic stromal sarcomas are characterized by focal splenic nodules composed of cohesive polygonal to spindle-shaped cell layers. The cells usually exhibit anisokaryosis and often have large oval to round vesicular nuclei and, occasionally, multinucleated cells. They have large areas of necrosis, diffuse or nodular lymphoid aggregates, and foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis, consistent with the histopathological examination reported in the present case. The immunohistochemical analysis included evaluation of seven markers to elucidate the histogenesis of the neoplasm, with the anti-vimentin and anti-S100 markers demonstrating positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, revealing the mesenchymal origin of the neoplasm. Thus, the definitive diagnosis was splenic stromal sarcoma, a rare and aggressive neoplasm.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Foram avaliadas as propriedades mecânicas, força, deformação e tensão ao limite elástico, tensão ao ponto de ruptura e índice de rigidez, de meniscos frescos e meniscos transplantados por 70 dias em joelhos de coelhos, após preservação em glicerina. O primeiro grupo (tratado) foi formado por seis meniscos mediais do joelho esquerdo, coletados de animais oriundos de criação comercial. Esses meniscos foram armazenados em glicerina 98% por um período de 45-60 dias; em seguida, foram reidratados em solução salina a 0,5% de enrofloxacina, por 12 horas, e implantados em joelhos de outros seis coelhos, submetidos à meniscectomia. Após 70 dias da cirurgia, foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais e retirada dos aloenxertos para avaliação mecânica. O segundo grupo (controle) foi composto por seis meniscos mediais, retirados dos joelhos contralaterais (direito) dos mesmos animais. Para a amostra estudada, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos controle e tratado para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas, demonstrando que a reidratação de aloenxertos meniscais, após preservação em glicerina, mantém as características mecânicas desses, após 70 dias de implantação, semelhantes às de meniscos frescos.

We evaluated the mechanical properties, strength, strain and stress to the elastic limit, the rupture stress point and stiffness index of fresh menisci and menisci transplanted for 70 days in the knees of rabbits after preservation in glycerin. The first group (treated) was formed by six medial menisci of the left knee, collected from these animals for commercial breeding. These menisci were stored in 98% glycerin for a period of 30-60 days, and then rehydrated in a solution in 0.5% saline enrofloxacin for 12 hours, and implanted in the knees of another six rabbits underwent meniscectomy . After 70 days of surgery was performed the euthanasia of animals and removal of allografts for mechanical evaluation. The second group (control) consisted of six medial menisci, removed from the contralateral knees (right) of the same animals. For the sample studied, had no statistically significant difference between control and treated groups for any of the variables analyzed, showing that the rehydration of meniscal allografts after preservation in glycerin keeps the mechanical characteristics of these, after 70 days of implantation, similar to the meniscus fresh.

RESUMO

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a resistência mecânica de placas ósseas produzidas a partir de osso cortical bovino, conservadas em diferentes meios, e a eficiência desses meios em inibir o crescimento de microrganismos. Foram utilizadas 168 placas confeccionadas a partir de tíbia bovina e conservadas em glicerina a 98 por cento, solução salina a 150 por cento, solução de açúcar a 300 por cento, líquido de Dakin, congeladas em N2L a -196°C, ou esterilizadas em óxido de etileno. Após reidratação em solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9 por cento por seis horas, elas foram submetidas a ensaios mecânicos de tração, compressão, flexão e torção. Foi realizada avaliação microbiológica das placas anterior e imediatamente após a reidratação, com ou sem adição de enrofloxacina a 0,5 por cento. Não se observou diferença significativa (P<0,01 por cento) da resistência ao ponto de ruptura entre as placas conservadas nos diferentes meios, congeladas-descongeladas ou esterilizadas. Micro-organismos foram isolados das placas conservadas em solução saturada de sal, açúcar, Dakin ou congeladas em N2L, anterior e após a reidratação. Entretanto, após o uso da solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9 por cento, acrescida de enrofloxacina a 0,5 por cento, não foram isolados microrganismos. Portanto, placas de osso bovino, conservadas em solução saturada de açúcar ou sal, glicerina a 98 por cento, solução de Dakin, congeladas em N2L ou esterilizadas em óxido de etileno assemelham-se em relação à biomecânica e a reidratação com solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9 por cento, acrescida de enrofloxacina a 0,5 por cento, é eficaz no controle do crescimento microbiano.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical strength of bone plates yielded from bovine cortical bone, conserved in different solutions, and the efficiency of these solutions in the inhibition of microorganism's growth. A hundred and sixty eight plates yielded from bovine tibiae were conserved in 98 percent glycerin, 150 percent saline solution, 300 percent sugar solution, Dakin solution, frozen in N2L at - 196°C, or sterilized in ethylene oxide gas. After rehydration in NaCl 0.9 percent solution for six hours, plates were subjected to tensile, compression, bending and twisting testing. The microbiological evaluation of bone plates was s carried out before and immediately after rehydration, with or without enrofloxacin 0.5 percent addition. There was no significant difference (P<0.01 percent) on resistance to the rupture point in plates conserved in different solutions, frozen-thawed or sterilized. Microorganisms were isolated from plates conserved in satured salt solution, sugar satured solution, Dakin solution or frozen in N2L, before and after rehydraion However, after the use of NaCl 0.9 percent solution added of enrofloxacin 0.5 percent, microorganisms were not isolated. Therefore, bovine bone plates conserved in sugar or salt satured solution, 98 percent glycerin, Dakin solution, frozen in N2L or sterilized in ethylene oxide gas present similar biomechanical tests results, and rehydrated with a solution of NaCl 0.9 percent plus enrofloxacin 0.5 percent is effective on microorganism growth control.

RESUMO

O presente estudo avaliou a resistência à compressão de meniscos mediais de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, por meio de teste mecânico de compressão. Trinta meniscos foram distribuídos em três grupos: grupo MF, composto por dez meniscos frescos; grupo MG, dez meniscos preservados em glicerina 98 por cento, por 30 dias, e grupo MR, dez meniscos preservados em glicerina 98 por cento, por 30 dias e reidratados em NaCl 0,9 por cento, por 12 horas. Os meniscos de cada grupo foram submetidos ao teste de compressão no sentido perpendicular ao seu plano anatômico regular e foram avaliados o limite de elasticidade, a deformação elástica, a tensão ao ponto de ruptura e ao limite de elasticidade e ainda, o índice de rigidez. Os meniscos dos grupos preservados, MG e MR, tiveram o limite elástico semelhante ao grupo de meniscos frescos (MF). O grupo de meniscos em glicerina (MG) apresentou menor capacidade de deformação elástica (P<0,05) que os grupos MF e MR, e maior capacidade de sofrer tensão ao limite elástico. Os meniscos do grupo (MG) apresentaram maior rigidez (P<0,05) que os meniscos dos grupos MF e MR. Conclui-se que o grupo de meniscos preservados em glicerina 98 por cento, seguido de reidratação em NaCl 0,9 por cento (MR), não apresentou alterações significativas na capacidade de resistência ao limite elástico dos meniscos.

The present study evaluated the compressive strength of medial menisci of New Zealand rabbits, through mechanical compression test. Thirty menisci were distributed in three groups: group MF, composed by ten fresh menisci; MG group, composed by ten menisci preserved in 98 percent glycerin for 30 days; and, group MR, ten menisci preserved in 98 percent glycerin for 30 days and rehydrated in NaCl 0.9 percent for 12 hours. The menisci in each group were submitted to compression test in the perpendicular direction to the anatomical plane and had the elasticity limit, the elastic deformity, the rupture stress point and the stiffness index evaluated. The menisci from the preserved groups MG and MR had the elastic limit similar to the fresh menisci group (MF). The group of menisci preserved in glycerin (MG) presented lower elastic deformity capacity (P<0.05) if compared to the other groups, MF and MR, and a higher tension capacity at elastic limit. The menisci from group (MG) presented higher stiffness (P<0.05) than the ones in the MF and MR groups. It can be concluded that the group menisci preserved in glycerin 98 percent followed by rehydration in Nacl 0,9 percent (MR), did not showed any significant alterations in the capacity of the menisci elastic limit.

RESUMO

A hérnia diafragmática ocorre devido a um defeito no diafragma freqüentemente encontrado nos pequenos animais, principalmente após o trauma. O diagnóstico precoce da enfermidade é de extrema importância para que se possa realizar o tratamento cirúrgico, antes que complicações mais sérias possam ocorrer em virtude do encerramento dos órgãos herniados envolvidos. Em alguns casos, as hérnias diafragmáticas permanecem assintomáticadas acidentalmente em exames de rotina. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisar os aspectos clínicos, meios de diagnósticos e tratamento, bem como relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática atendido no Hospital Veterinário do Centro Universitário Vila Velha no ano de 2005, de origem congênita denominada hérnia peritônio-pericárdica(AU)

The diaphragmatic hérnia occurs due to a defect in the diaphragm frequently found in the small animals, mainly after the trauma. The precocious diagnosis of the disease is of extreme importance so that if it can carry through the surgical treatment, before more serious complications can occur in virtue of the imprisonment of the involved herniated organs. In some cases, the diaphragmatics hernias remain asymptomatics and can accidentally be diagnosised in routine examinations. The present article has as objective to revise clinical aspects, diagnostic ways and treatment, as also to tell one taken care of case of diaphragmatic hernia in the Hospital Veterinarian of the University Center of vila Velha in the year of 2005, of congenital origin called peritoneopericardial hernia(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A hérnia diafragmática ocorre devido a um defeito no diafragma freqüentemente encontrado nos pequenos animais, principalmente após o trauma. O diagnóstico precoce da enfermidade é de extrema importância para que se possa realizar o tratamento cirúrgico, antes que complicações mais sérias possam ocorrer em virtude do encerramento dos órgãos herniados envolvidos. Em alguns casos, as hérnias diafragmáticas permanecem assintomáticadas acidentalmente em exames de rotina. O presente artigo tem como objetivo revisar os aspectos clínicos, meios de diagnósticos e tratamento, bem como relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática atendido no Hospital Veterinário do Centro Universitário Vila Velha no ano de 2005, de origem congênita denominada hérnia peritônio-pericárdica

The diaphragmatic hérnia occurs due to a defect in the diaphragm frequently found in the small animals, mainly after the trauma. The precocious diagnosis of the disease is of extreme importance so that if it can carry through the surgical treatment, before more serious complications can occur in virtue of the imprisonment of the involved herniated organs. In some cases, the diaphragmatics hernias remain asymptomatics and can accidentally be diagnosised in routine examinations. The present article has as objective to revise clinical aspects, diagnostic ways and treatment, as also to tell one taken care of case of diaphragmatic hernia in the Hospital Veterinarian of the University Center of vila Velha in the year of 2005, of congenital origin called peritoneopericardial hernia

Assuntos