RESUMO
Aerial parts (leaves, flowers, stem) of Peperomia galioides extract administered to mice, was used to confirm its anti-inflammatory and sedative folk uses. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by croton oil-induced ear oedema and myeloperoxidase (acute inflammation); cotton pellet-induced granuloma (sub-acute inflammation) and Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation (cellular mediators). The sedative activity was studied by the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test. Single doses (300 and 600 mg/kg; i.p.) of the extract reduced croton oil-induced ear oedema and myeloperoxidase activity. Six days administration of the extract (300 mg/kg, i.p.) to mice implanted with cotton pellets diminished granuloma formation. LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced plasma nitrites and TNF-α levels that were inhibited by the extract. The duration but not the onset of sleeping time was enhanced by 300 and 600 mg/kg of the extract. Our results show that P. galioides has anti-inflammatory and sedative activities in mice, which validates its traditional use.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Peperomia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Óleo de Cróton/toxicidade , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/química , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Camundongos , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
Recent analysis of clinical trials on estrogen therapy proposes the existence of a therapeutic window of opportunity for the cardiovascular benefits of estrogens, which depend on women's age and the onset of therapy initiation. In this study, we aimed to determine how vascular senescence and the onset of estrogen treatment influence the common carotid artery (CCA) function in senescent and non-senescent females. Ovariectomized female senescence-accelerated (SAMP8) or non-senescent (SAMR1) mice were treated with vehicle (OVX) or 17ß-estradiol starting at the day of ovariectomy (early-onset, E2E) or 45 days after surgery (late-onset, E2L). In SAMR1, both treatments, E2E and E2L, reduced constriction to phenylephrine (Phe) in CCA [(AUC) OVX: 193.8 ± 15.5; E2E: 128.1 ± 11.6; E2L: 130.2 ± 15.8, p = 0.004] in association with positive regulation of NO/O2- ratio and increased prostacyclin production. In contrast, E2E treatment did not modify vasoconstrictor responses to Phe in OVX-SAMP8 and, yet, E2L increased Phe vasoconstriction [(AUC) OVX: 165.3 ± 10; E2E: 183.3 ± 11.1; E2L: 256.3 ± 30.4, p = 0.005]. Increased vasoconstriction in E2L-SAMP8 was associated with augmented thromboxane A2 and reduced NO production. Analysis of wild-type receptor alpha (ERα66) expression and its variants revealed an increased expression of ERα36 in E2L-SAMP8 in correlation with unfavorable effects of estrogen in those animals. In conclusion, estrogen exerts beneficial effects in non-senescent CCA, regardless of the initiation of the therapy. In senescent CCA, however, estrogen loses its beneficial action even when administered shortly after ovariectomy and may become detrimental when given late after ovariectomy. Aging and onset of estrogen treatment are two critical factors in the mechanism of action of this hormone in CCA.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Vasoconstrição , Animais , Artérias Carótidas/metabolismo , Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , CamundongosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae), popularly known in Ecuador as "Carne humana" or "Fompo", is a vine present into the Andean region. It is traditionally used as medicine for the treatment of bruises, cuts and other external inflammatory processes. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of J. rugosa leaves extract (JRLE) in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The acute anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by animal models, including croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice, carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and myeloperoxidase (MPO); the chronic anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by cotton pellet-induced granuloma. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of JRLE (125, 250, 500mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01-0.001) inhibited the croton oil-induced ear oedema and MPO activity in mice; the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 500mg/kg. Repeated (6 days) administration of the extract to mice previously implanted with cotton pellets reduced the formed granuloma (125mg/kg: 11.7%; 250mg/kg: 17.9%; 500mg/kg: 32.4%) but only the inhibition by 500mg/kg reached statistical significance (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that JRLE is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent in acute and chronic inflammation in mice, supporting its traditional use.