RESUMO
Cryptorchidism is a frequent genitourinary malformation considered as an important risk factor for infertility and testicular malignancy. The aetiology of cryptorchidism is multifactorial in which certain SNPs, capable of inhibiting the development of the gubernaculum, are implicated. We analysed 16 SNPs by allelic discrimination and automated sequencing in 85 patients and 99 healthy people, with the objective to identify the association between these variants and isolated cryptorchidism. In two different patients with unilateral cryptorchidism, we found the variants rs121912556 and p.R105R of INSL3 gene in a heterozygous form associated with cryptorchidism, so we could considered them as risk factors for cryptorchidism. On the other hand, SNPs rs10421916 of INSL3 gene, as well as the variants rs1555633 and rs7325513 in the RXFP2 gene, and rs3779456 variant of the HOXA10 gene were statistically significant, when the patients and controls were compared and could be considered as protective factors since are predominantly present in controls. The genotype-phenotype correlation did not show statistical significance. With these results, we could conclude that these polymorphisms can be considered as important variants in our population and would contribute in the future knowledge of the aetiology and physiopathology of cryptorchidism.
Assuntos
Criptorquidismo/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Alelos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Associação Genética , Haplótipos , Proteínas Homeobox A10 , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/genética , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , México , Proteínas/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genéticaRESUMO
Pyrimethamine (PYR) is a drug used in the treatment of newborn with congenital Toxoplasmosis. Even when PYR is highly specific against parasites, it may provoke neutropenia in the patients apart from other affectations, conditions that usually justify its suspension. Moreover, medication against congenital toxoplasmosis coincides with the proliferation stage of Sertoli and germ cells. Although, there are several reports on the effect of this drug on mature testes, records of its effects on the testes of young individuals yet in the process of growth are still lacking. This work was aimed to study the effects of in vivo administration of PYR in the first 21 days of life of male rat pups by evaluating their testicular alterations and its long-term sequels on fertility. Through the determination of the levels of seminiferous epithelium maturity, apoptotic index and cell proliferation index at 7, 14, 35 and 90 days post-natal using immunocytochemical studies. The fertility of the treated rats was evaluated at 90 days. PYR-treated animals were found to undergo some kind of delays in seminiferous epithelium maturity, decreased cell proliferation index and an increase in apoptosis when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Epididymal sperm counts were also affected (p < 0.05). The application of folic acid (FA) in newborns treated with PYR decreased the severity of the problem (p < 0.05). This study provides strong evidence that the effect of PYR on testicular development is specific. It reinforces the importance of FA application in neonates treated with PYR to prevent the effect of the later on spermatogenesis.
Assuntos
Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas do Ácido Fólico/efeitos adversos , Pirimetamina/efeitos adversos , Epitélio Seminífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/patologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Fólico/farmacologia , Antagonistas do Ácido Fólico/farmacologia , Masculino , Pirimetamina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/citologia , Toxoplasmose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy impaired the reproduction of male offspring. We investigated, during the first wave of spermatogenesis, whether MPR exerts deleterious effects on germ cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, which was used as a marker for Sertoli cell (SC) maturation. At the beginning of pregnancy (day 0), dams were fed a control diet (C: 20% casein) or a restricted isocaloric diet (R: 10% casein). After birth, four groups were established: CC, RR, CR and RC (first letter diet during pregnancy and second during lactation). Male offspring were studied at postnatal days 14, 21 and 36. At birth, pup body weight was unchanged. Body weight and testis weight were reduced in RR and CR groups at all ages evaluated. MPR delayed the germinal epithelium development at all ages evaluated. On performing Western blot and immunohistochemistry, AR expression was found to be lower in the three restricted groups. The results suggest that MPR during pregnancy and/or lactation delays SC maturation and germ cell differentiation, and affects intratubular organization. These changes might be responsible for the lower fertility rate at older ages.
Assuntos
Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas/efeitos adversos , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Túbulos Seminíferos/embriologia , Animais , Feminino , Lactação , Masculino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Tamanho do Órgão , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Ratos Wistar , Túbulos Seminíferos/patologia , Testículo/embriologia , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
The expression of masculine sexual behavior (MSB) in male hamsters is optimally stimulated by aromatizable androgens like androstenedione (AD) and testosterone (T), while the non-aromatizable androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), exerting potent androgenic peripheral effects, only in high doses maintains MSB after castration. No data exist on the ability of these androgens to restore long intromissions after castration. In this study, AD, T, and DHT were administered to four-week gonadectomized, sexually experienced male hamsters, for three weeks, in doses of 25 microg/day or up to 1000 microg/day to compare their potency in restoring MSB, penile size, and penile spines growth. Plasma levels of these steroids and the metabolites estrone and estradiol, were determined at the end of the treatment period. Gonadectomy completely suppressed MSB and induced a regression of penile spines. AD was more potent than T in restoring MSB, ejaculatory behavior being displayed by most castrated subjects with a lower dose of AD (50 microg/day) than of T (300 microg/day), and long intromissions being shown by all AD-treated castrated hamsters but only by 20% of T-treated ones, when doses of 1000 microg/day were given. DHT did not stimulate any copulatory response. The three androgens, even at the lowest dose, partially stimulated penis and penile epithelium growth, DHT showing the highest potency. Treatment of castrated hamsters with AD (50 microg/day), restored steroid levels to similar values as those of intact animals. These results show that AD and T restored MSB even with a partial stimulation of penile spines growth, AD being more potent than T. In contrast, DHT did not restore MSB in the hamster in spite of its peripheral androgenic potency.
Assuntos
Androstenodiona/farmacologia , Di-Hidrotestosterona/farmacologia , Pênis/efeitos dos fármacos , Caracteres Sexuais , Comportamento Sexual Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Testosterona/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Castração/métodos , Cricetinae , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Ejaculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Pênis/anatomia & histologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologia , Esteroides/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional response, morbidity and histostructural changes in rats enterectomized and without cecum using two types of syngenic enteral transplants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Controlled randomized surgical-therapeutic trial. Four groups of male Lewis rats 8-10 weeks old underwent the following procedures: 1. Lethal enteral resection (n = 10). 2. Lethal enteral resection + total yeyuno-ileal transplant (n = 28). 3. Lethal enteral resection + distal segmentary of 40% and cecum transplant (n = 32). 4. Control group (n = 10). RESULTS: 11% of the transplanted animals died due to technical failures; both transplanted groups had a similar proportion of late complications, mostly enteral obstruction. A persistent diarrhea was observed in 20% of the yeyuno-ileal transplanted group, but no significant differences were found between the two groups concerning survival, weight gain, protein and triglycerides serum levels, and a maltose absorption test; villus and crypt hypertrophy was observed in both grafts. The enteral graft integration was followed by structural changes similar to those found in intestinal remnants on deficit conditions after enteral resection. CONCLUSION: The bowel distal segmentary transplant with ileocecal valve and cecum may be a good option in cases of irreversible enteral failure, as the functional response and morbidity are similar to those found with the standard total transplant.
Assuntos
Ceco/transplante , Íleo/transplante , Jejuno/transplante , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/cirurgia , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Ceco/patologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Íleo/patologia , Absorção Intestinal , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Jejuno/patologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Síndromes de Malabsorção/etiologia , Masculino , Maltose/farmacocinética , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos LewRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The small intestine of the rat shows morphologic and enzymatic changes that are associated with the weaning and may be alternated by the early weaning, however, the morphometric criteria have been disregarded. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, the effects of precocious weaning (15 days) and prolonged weaning (32 days), on the size and number of villi; and crypts of small intestine, were analyzed in rats from 16 to 70 days of age. RESULTS: Precocious weaning increased the size of villi, depth and number of crypts in the duodenum and jejunum, while the number of villi decreased. Pups nursed up to 32 days showed no alterations in the analyzed parameters. However, the ileum showed no alterations with the precocious weaning or prolonged. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the concept of an intrinsic biologic program as control of intestinal development while the change of diet seem to have a modifying role in duodenum and jejunum.
Assuntos
Intestino Delgado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desmame , Envelhecimento , Análise de Variância , Animais , Intestino Delgado/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The response to enteral resection in human newborns and nursing babies depends on the site and magnitude of the resection: usually these patients have a satisfactory recovery although long term supportive measures are required in order to prevent nutritional and digestive complications. This study assessed the post-surgical response of six groups of nursing rabbits with 0, 40, 50, 60, 75 and 90% selective resection of the small intestine. A greater number of surgical complications was observed in those cases with more manipulation and greater resection. Villi hypertrophic was found at the distal extremes of the enteral remnants only with 40% jejunal resection and 75 and 90% jejunum-ileum resections. None of the groups showed growth interruption. Only in rabbits with resections greater than 60% a significant decrease in weight was found. Forty and sixty percent enteral resections, mainly proximal and distal respectively, did not yield weight or length deficits as compared with the control group.