RESUMO
Guarana [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] is a species of great economic and social important in Brazil, as it is the only commercial guarana producer in the world. The vegetative propagation method indicated for the culture is stem cuttings, which aims at productivity, tolerance, and uniformity of clonal cultivars, because reproduction by seeds has slow germination and high genetic variability, which in traditional varieties is an undesirable factor. Genetic factors can interfere with the rooting capacity of the crop. Studies seek alternatives that can improve this condition and enhance the production system. Use of growth regulators, microorganisms that promote plant growth, variation of substrates and fertilization, have been strategies used. Preliminary tests on the rate of stem rooting and seed germination with the use of exogenous phytohormone did not demonstrate in relation to the non-application of these inducers. The use of rhizobacteria, which presents itself as a promising activity in many cultures, has not yet been demonstrated in the culture of guarana. On the other hand, the influence of different substrates on rooting has already shown consistent results as a function of rooting rate. Fertilizing the mother plants as recommended by the production system for the crop has proven to be an efficient procedure. There are still few studies aimed at improving the spread of guarana, demonstrating that new protocols need to be explored, or that the protocols already used are reviewed from another perspective.
Assuntos
Paullinia , Paullinia/química , Paullinia/genética , Sementes , Brasil , ReproduçãoRESUMO
Rabies is a widespread zoonotic disease responsible for approximately 55,000 human deaths/year. The direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and the mouse inoculation test (MIT) used for rabies diagnosis, have high sensitivity and specificity, but are expensive and time-consuming. These disadvantages and the identification of new strains of the virus encourage the use of new techniques that are rapid, sensitive, specific and economical for the detection and research of the Rabies Virus (RABV). Real-time RT-PCR, phylogeographic analysis, proteomic assays and DNA recombinant technology have been used in research laboratories. Together, these techniques are effective on samples with low virus titers in the study of molecular epidemiology or in the identification of new disease markers, thus improving the performance of biological assays. In this context, modern advances in molecular technology are now beginning to complement more traditional approaches and promise to revolutionize the diagnosis of rabies. This brief review presents some of the recent molecular tools used for RABV analysis, with emphasis on rabies diagnosis and research.
Assuntos
Biotecnologia/métodos , Imunofluorescência , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , Vírus da Raiva , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biotecnologia/tendências , Humanos , Camundongos , Epidemiologia Molecular/tendências , Raiva/diagnóstico , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/genética , Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/metabolismo , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Vírus da Raiva/metabolismoRESUMO
Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is a solid waste product generated in the process of aluminum production. Tradescantia micronuclei (Trad-MN) and stamen hair mutation (Trad-SHM) bioassays are very useful tests to assess genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. In the present study, we intended to investigate the genotoxicity of this waste with Tradescantia bioassays using leachates of SPL simulating the natural leachability of SPL in soil. The formation of micronuclei (MN) was found to be concentration dependent. MN frequency enhanced significantly with SPL treatment. In addition, SPL also appeared to increase the percentage of dyads and triads. Trad-SHM assay showed that SPL increases pink mutation events as SPL concentration increases. These results demonstrated that SPL is a cytogenotoxic agent that affects different genetic end-points (induction of micronuclei and point mutations) even at low concentration (2% and 3%).
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Resíduos Industriais/efeitos adversos , Poluentes do Solo/efeitos adversos , Tradescantia/efeitos dos fármacos , Alumínio , DNA de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ecotoxicologia/métodos , Indústrias Extrativas e de Processamento , Testes para Micronúcleos , Tradescantia/genéticaRESUMO
There are various toxic effects of environmental pollutants, including apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is solid waste from the aluminum industry. It has a highly variable composition, including cyanide, fluoride, organics and metals. Preliminary characterizations of the effect of SPL on Allium cepa show the presence of condensed nuclei. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the toxic effect of SPL in A. cepa root meristem in the context of programmed cell death (PCD). A lot of specific features of this process such as DNA fragmentation, condensed chromatin, spherical nuclei and the formation of apoptotic-like bodies were observed in root meristem after SPL treatment. Root meristem treated with SPL 25% solution exhibited an alteration in antioxidant enzyme activities; a reduction in NCR as a consequence of high percentage of condensed nuclei; DNA fragmentation, detected by electrophoresis and TUNEL assay; cytoplasm vacuolization and also a disturbance in root morphology. These features are associated with programmed cell death (PCD) under abiotic stress. Therefore, these data show that SPL induces apoptosis-like PCD in root meristem cells of A. cepa.
Assuntos
Alumínio/toxicidade , Meristema/efeitos dos fármacos , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Cianetos/toxicidade , Dano ao DNA , Fragmentação do DNA , Resíduos Industriais , Meristema/metabolismo , Meristema/ultraestrutura , Cebolas/metabolismo , Cebolas/ultraestrutura , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
Caracterizou-se filogeneticamente o vírus da raiva, isolado de morcegos hematógafos (Demodus rotundus). Cento e noventa e nove D. rotundus foram capturados em cinco abrigos, no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sul do Espírito Santo. Sete deles foram positivos para a raiva. Amostras desses vírus foram sequenciadas e comparadas com sequências provenientes de diversos estados brasileiros. As sequências de vírus da raiva isoladas, na região norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mostraram características que as distinguem de amostras de vírus isoladas em outras regiões do país, no entanto foram idênticas às isoladas de bovinos no noroeste do Rio de Janeiro.(AU)
Rabies samples isolated from vampire bats captured in the Rio de Janeiro State were phylogenetically analyzed. One hundred and ninety nine vampire bats were captured from five shelters from North and Northwest of Rio de Janeiro and South of Espírito Santo States. Seven of them were positive for rabies. Theses samples were sequenced and compared with rabies virus sequences from several Brazilian states. The sequences of rabies virus, isolated in the present work, from North of Rio de Janeiro State, showed characteristics that differ of the sequences isolated from bats from other Brazilian regions. However, they were identical to samples isolated from cattle in Northwest of Rio de Janeiro state.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Vírus da Raiva/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Raiva/patogenicidade , Quirópteros/anatomia & histologia , Quirópteros/sangue , FilogeniaRESUMO
Caracterizou-se filogeneticamente o vírus da raiva, isolado de morcegos hematógafos (Demodus rotundus). Cento e noventa e nove D. rotundus foram capturados em cinco abrigos, no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sul do Espírito Santo. Sete deles foram positivos para a raiva. Amostras desses vírus foram sequenciadas e comparadas com sequências provenientes de diversos estados brasileiros. As sequências de vírus da raiva isoladas, na região norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mostraram características que as distinguem de amostras de vírus isoladas em outras regiões do país, no entanto foram idênticas às isoladas de bovinos no noroeste do Rio de Janeiro.
Rabies samples isolated from vampire bats captured in the Rio de Janeiro State were phylogenetically analyzed. One hundred and ninety nine vampire bats were captured from five shelters from North and Northwest of Rio de Janeiro and South of Espírito Santo States. Seven of them were positive for rabies. Theses samples were sequenced and compared with rabies virus sequences from several Brazilian states. The sequences of rabies virus, isolated in the present work, from North of Rio de Janeiro State, showed characteristics that differ of the sequences isolated from bats from other Brazilian regions. However, they were identical to samples isolated from cattle in Northwest of Rio de Janeiro state.
Assuntos
Animais , Vírus da Raiva/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Raiva/patogenicidade , Filogenia , Quirópteros/anatomia & histologia , Quirópteros/sangueRESUMO
Five patients aged 12 to 16 years old were admitted between 1987 and 1994 at the neurological unit because of uncontrolled epilepsy. They had had a normal development until the adolescence, when a history of poor school performance and memory difficulty started. It is emphasized the clinical sequence of dementia followed by tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonus, the positive family history and the difficult therapeutic management, in spite of multiple anticonvulsant combinations, including sodium valproate and clonazepam. The clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis were discussed to show that similar cases should be submitted to skin biopsy looking for Lafora bodies in apocrine and eccrine glands. However, the liver is considered as the most reliable site for the biopsy, which in our study showed positivity in four out of the five cases.
Assuntos
Demência/diagnóstico , Epilepsias Mioclônicas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
C. Miller Fisher described separately two pontine syndromes, that he called "the one-and-a-half syndrome" and "ataxic hemiparesis". The authors report the case of a woman who developed simultaneously the two syndromes, caused by a stroke of pontine localization, and comment about the structures involved by the lesion.
Assuntos
Ataxia Cerebelar/etiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Oftalmoplegia/etiologia , Ponte , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SíndromeRESUMO
Foram descritos pelos autores nove pacientes, nos quais a tecnica de substituicao total do esofago ou faringe pela grande curvatura gastrica, descrita por Gavrilliu foi empregada. Essa tecnica do tubo gastrico invertido (TGI) apresenta grandes vantagens sobre outros procedimentos, principalmente devido ao fato de que o neo-esofago se comporta normalmente com relacao a sua motilidade, o pH e nitidamente alcalino e nao apresenta ulceracao, mesmo apos varios anos do seu emprego