RESUMO
The family environment in childhood has a strong effect on mental health outcomes throughout life. This effect is thought to depend at least in part on modifications of neurodevelopment trajectories. In this exploratory study, we sought to investigate whether a feasible resting-state fMRI metric of local spontaneous oscillatory neural activity, the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), is associated with the levels of children's family coherence and conflict. Moreover, we sought to further explore whether spontaneous activity in the brain areas influenced by family environment would also be associated with a mental health outcome, namely the incidence of behavioral and emotional problems. Resting-state fMRI data from 655 children and adolescents (6-15 years old) were examined. The quality of the family environment was found to be positively correlated with fALFF in the left temporal pole and negatively correlated with fALFF in the right orbitofrontal cortex. Remarkably, increased fALFF in the temporal pole was associated with a lower incidence of behavioral and emotional problems, whereas increased fALFF in the orbitofrontal cortex was correlated with a higher incidence.
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Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico por imagem , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Mapeamento Encefálico/psicologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Emoções/fisiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/psicologia , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Saccades were assessed in 21 adults (age 24 years, SD = 4) and 15 children (age 11 years, SD = 1), using combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and eye-tracking. Subjects visually tracked a point on a horizontal line in four conditions: time and position predictable task (PRED), position predictable (pPRED), time predictable (tPRED) and visually guided saccades (SAC). Both groups in the PRED but not in pPRED, tPRED and SAC produced predictive saccades with latency below 80 ms. In task versus group comparisons, children's showed less efficient learning compared to adults for predictive saccades (adults = 48%, children = 34%, p = 0.05). In adults brain activation was found in the frontal and occipital regions in the PRED, in the intraparietal sulcus in pPRED and in the frontal eye field, posterior intraparietal sulcus and medial regions in the tPRED task. Group-task interaction was found in the supplementary eye field and visual cortex in the PRED task, and the frontal cortex including the right frontal eye field and left frontal pole, in the pPRED condition. These results indicate that, the basic visuomotor circuitry is present in both adults and children, but fine-tuning of the activation according to the task temporal and spatial demand mature late in child development.
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Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Movimentos Sacádicos , Adulto , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Drowning is a serious and frequently neglected public health threat. Primary respiratory impairment after submersion often leads to brain dysfunction. Depending on the period of global hypoxia (respiratory failure), clinical aspects of neurological dysfunction are evident on the first evaluation after the water rescue. Nowadays, many neuropsychological assessments after drowning are inconclusive, with some studies reporting only minor neurological or cognitive impairments. The aim of this study is to identify measures in neuropsychological tests that most contribute to classify volunteers as moderate drowning subjects or healthy controls. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first neuropsychological prospective case-control study of moderate drowning in a country with large coastal cities. METHOD: Fifteen moderate drowning patients (DP), who met the inclusion criteria, were compared with 18 healthy controls (HC). All subjects were assessed on memory, learning, visual spatial ability, executive function, attention, and general intellectual functioning and underwent structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain at 3.0 T, in order to exclude subjects with anatomic abnormalities. RESULTS: Neuropsychological tests assessing learning, execution function, and verbal fluency-Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) general learning ability, Digit Span total, Phonological Verbal Fluency (total FAS correct), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Revised (BVMT) correct recognition-have the strongest discriminating ability, using predictive models via the partial least squares (PLS) approach for data classification, while the other tests have shown similar predictive values between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Learning, execution function, and verbal fluency domains were the most critically affected domains. Serious impairments in the same domains have already been reported in severe drowning cases, and we hypothesize that subtle alterations found in moderate drowning cases, although not sufficient to be detected in daily routine, may possibly have a negative impact on cognitive reserve.
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Cognição , Afogamento/psicologia , Hipóxia Encefálica/etiologia , Hipóxia Encefálica/psicologia , Desempenho Psicomotor , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Afogamento/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: One of the major challenges facing psychiatry is how to incorporate biological measures in the classification of mental health disorders. Many of these disorders affect brain development and its connectivity. In this study, we propose a novel method for assessing brain networks based on the combination of a graph theory measure (eigenvector centrality) and a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM). METHODS: We applied this approach to resting-state fMRI data from 622 children and adolescents. Eigenvector centrality (EVC) of nodes from positive- and negative-task networks were extracted from each subject and used as input to an OC-SVM to label individual brain networks as typical or atypical. We hypothesised that classification of these subjects regarding the pattern of brain connectivity would predict the level of psychopathology. RESULTS: Subjects with atypical brain network organisation had higher levels of psychopathology (p < 0.001). There was a greater EVC in the typical group at the bilateral posterior cingulate and bilateral posterior temporal cortices; and significant decreases in EVC at left temporal pole. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of graph theory methods and an OC-SVM is a promising method to characterise neurodevelopment, and may be useful to understand the deviations leading to mental disorders.
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Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Conectoma/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Adolescente , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra fractional anisotropy (SN-FA) for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis in a sample similar to the clinical setting, including patients with essential tremor (ET) and healthy controls (HC). We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate mean change in SN-FA induced by PD and its diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 135 subjects: 72 PD, 21 ET and 42 HC. To address inter-scanner variability, two 3.0-T MRI scans were performed. MRI results of this sample were pooled into a meta-analysis that included 1,432 subjects (806 PD and 626 HC). A bivariate model was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy measures. RESULTS: In our sample, we did not observe a significant effect of disease on SN-FA and it was uninformative for diagnosis. The results of the meta-analysis estimated a 0.03 decrease in mean SN-FA in PD relative to HC (CI: 0.01-0.05). However, the discriminatory capability of SN-FA to diagnose PD was low: pooled sensitivity and specificity were 72 % (CI: 68-75) and 63 % (CI: 58-70), respectively. There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 91.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: SN-FA cannot be used as an isolated measure to diagnose PD. KEY POINTS: ⢠SN-FA appears insufficiently sensitive and specific to diagnose PD. ⢠Radiologists must be careful when translating mean group results to clinical practice. ⢠Imaging protocol and analysis standardization is necessary for developing reproducible quantitative biomarkers.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Substância Negra/patologia , Idoso , Anisotropia , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Masculino , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Functional brain hubs are key integrative regions in brain networks. Recently, brain hubs identified through resting-state fMRI have emerged as interesting targets to increase understanding of the relationships between large-scale functional networks and psychopathology. However, few studies have directly addressed the replicability and consistency of the hub regions identified and their association with symptoms. Here, we used the eigenvector centrality (EVC) measure obtained from graph analysis of two large, independent population-based samples of children and adolescents (7-15 years old; total N=652; 341 subjects for site 1 and 311 for site 2) to evaluate the replicability of hub identification. Subsequently, we tested the association between replicable hub regions and psychiatric symptoms. We identified a set of hubs consisting of the anterior medial prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule/intraparietal sulcus (IPL/IPS). Moreover, lower EVC values in the right IPS were associated with psychiatric symptoms in both samples. Thus, low centrality of the IPS was a replicable sign of potential vulnerability to mental disorders in children. The identification of critical and replicable hubs in functional cortical networks in children and adolescents can foster understanding of the mechanisms underlying mental disorders.
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Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Conectoma/normas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/diagnóstico por imagem , Descanso , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Conectoma/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Psicopatologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
ABSTRACT Metamemory measures provide subjective memory information and are relevant to investigate memory ability in aging. However, there is a lack of metamemory instruments available in Brazil. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ), which evaluates different dimensions of subjective memory functioning, such as Feelings, Abilities and Strategies used in everyday life. Methods: The MMQ was translated into Portuguese and administered to 30 Brazilian elderly subjects. The participants underwent cognitive tests, mood scales and metamemory instruments. Results: Analyses revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach's a coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 0.89) and test-retest validity for each MMQ dimensions (positive correlations between two applications ranged from 0.75 to 0.8). Convergent validity evidence for the MMQ was confirmed by significant positive correlations (0.47 to 0.68) with dimensions of the Metamemory in Adulthood scale (MIA) (i.e., the Ability, Control, Self-efficacy and Strategy dimensions). Discriminant validity revealed no associations between the MMQ and cognitive performance, suggesting a weak metamemory-objective memory correspondence. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between MMQ-Ability subscale scores and mood symptoms (-0.63 for anxious symptoms, and -0.54 for depressive symptoms); and the Brazilian MMQ was comparable with MMQ translations to other languages. Conclusion: The Brazilian MMQ exhibits good psychometric properties and appears promising for clinical and research purposes. Additional studies are needed to further examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian MMQ in a larger sample.
RESUMO Medidas de metamemória fornecem informações acerca da memória subjetiva e são relevantes para se compreender a habilidade de memória no envelhecimento. Todavia, há uma falta de instrumentos de metamemória disponíveis no Brasil. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo examinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário Multifatorial de Memória (MMQ), que avalia diferentes aspectos da memória subjetiva, como Sentimentos, Habilidade e Estratégias usadas na vida diária. Métodos: O MMQ foi traduzido para o Português e administrado em 30 idosos brasileiros. Os participantes realizaram testes cognitivos, escalas de humor e questionários de metamemória. Resultados: Análises revelaram boa consistência interna (coeficiente a de Cronbach's variou de 0.75 a 0.89) e validade teste-reteste para cada dimensão do MMQ (correlações positivas entre as duas aplicações variou de 0.75 a 0.8). Validade convergente do MMQ foi identificada através de correlações positivas (0.47 a 0.68) com as dimensões do Metamemory In Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA) (i.e., Habilidade, Controle, Autoeficácia e Estratégia). Validade discriminante revelou ausência de associação entre MMQ e performance cognitiva, sugerindo uma fraca correspondência entre metamemória e memória objetiva. Além disto, observou-se uma correlação negativa entre os escores da subscala MMQ-Habilidade e sintomas do humor (-0.63 para sintomas ansiosos, e -0.54 para sintomas depressivos); e o MMQ Brasileiro se mostrou comparável a traduções do MMQ em outros idiomas. Conclusão: O MMQ Brasileiro apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas e parece ser promissor para o uso clínico e de pesquisa. Estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar caracteristicas psicométricas do MMQ Brasileiro em uma amostra maior.
Assuntos
Humanos , Envelhecimento , Cognição , Memória Episódica , MemóriaRESUMO
Metamemory measures provide subjective memory information and are relevant to investigate memory ability in aging. However, there is a lack of metamemory instruments available in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ), which evaluates different dimensions of subjective memory functioning, such as Feelings, Abilities and Strategies used in everyday life. METHODS: The MMQ was translated into Portuguese and administered to 30 Brazilian elderly subjects. The participants underwent cognitive tests, mood scales and metamemory instruments. RESULTS: Analyses revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach's a coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 0.89) and test-retest validity for each MMQ dimensions (positive correlations between two applications ranged from 0.75 to 0.8). Convergent validity evidence for the MMQ was confirmed by significant positive correlations (0.47 to 0.68) with dimensions of the Metamemory in Adulthood scale (MIA) (i.e., the Ability, Control, Self-efficacy and Strategy dimensions). Discriminant validity revealed no associations between the MMQ and cognitive performance, suggesting a weak metamemory-objective memory correspondence. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between MMQ-Ability subscale scores and mood symptoms (-0.63 for anxious symptoms, and -0.54 for depressive symptoms); and the Brazilian MMQ was comparable with MMQ translations to other languages. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian MMQ exhibits good psychometric properties and appears promising for clinical and research purposes. Additional studies are needed to further examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian MMQ in a larger sample.
Medidas de metamemória fornecem informações acerca da memória subjetiva e são relevantes para se compreender a habilidade de memória no envelhecimento. Todavia, há uma falta de instrumentos de metamemória disponíveis no Brasil. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo examinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário Multifatorial de Memória (MMQ), que avalia diferentes aspectos da memória subjetiva, como Sentimentos, Habilidade e Estratégias usadas na vida diária. MÉTODOS: O MMQ foi traduzido para o Português e administrado em 30 idosos brasileiros. Os participantes realizaram testes cognitivos, escalas de humor e questionários de metamemória. RESULTADOS: Análises revelaram boa consistência interna (coeficiente a de Cronbach's variou de 0.75 a 0.89) e validade teste-reteste para cada dimensão do MMQ (correlações positivas entre as duas aplicações variou de 0.75 a 0.8). Validade convergente do MMQ foi identificada através de correlações positivas (0.47 a 0.68) com as dimensões do Metamemory In Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA) (i.e., Habilidade, Controle, Autoeficácia e Estratégia). Validade discriminante revelou ausência de associação entre MMQ e performance cognitiva, sugerindo uma fraca correspondência entre metamemória e memória objetiva. Além disto, observou-se uma correlação negativa entre os escores da subscala MMQ-Habilidade e sintomas do humor (-0.63 para sintomas ansiosos, e -0.54 para sintomas depressivos); e o MMQ Brasileiro se mostrou comparável a traduções do MMQ em outros idiomas. CONCLUSÃO: O MMQ Brasileiro apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas e parece ser promissor para o uso clínico e de pesquisa. Estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar caracteristicas psicométricas do MMQ Brasileiro em uma amostra maior.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The human default mode (DMN) is involved in a wide array of mental disorders. Current knowledge suggests that mental health disorders may reflect deviant trajectories of brain maturation. METHOD: We studied 654 children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans under a resting-state protocol. A machine-learning method was used to obtain age predictions of children based on the average coefficient of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of the DMN, a measure of spontaneous local activity. The chronological ages of the children and fALFF measures from regions of this network, the response and predictor variables were considered respectively in a Gaussian Process Regression. Subsequently, we computed a network maturation status index for each subject (actual age minus predicted). We then evaluated the association between this maturation index and psychopathology scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: Our hypothesis was that the maturation status of the DMN would be negatively associated with psychopathology. Consistent with previous studies, fALFF significantly predicted the age of participants (p < .001). Furthermore, as expected, we found an association between the DMN maturation status (precocious vs. delayed) and general psychopathology scores (p = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that child psychopathology seems to be associated with delayed maturation of the DMN. This delay in the neurodevelopmental trajectory may offer interesting insights into the pathophysiology of mental health disorders.
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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that produces abnormalities across different brain regions. Measuring structural covariance with MRI is a well-established approach to investigate common changes in distinct systems. We investigated structural covariance in schizophrenia in a large Brazilian sample of individuals with chronic schizophrenia (n = 143), First Episode Psychosis (n = 32), and matched healthy controls (n = 82) using a combination of graph analysis and computational neuroanatomy. Firstly, we proposed the connectivity-closeness and integrity-closeness centrality measures and them compared healthy controls with chronic schizophrenia regarding these metrics. We then conducted a second analysis on the mapped regions comparing the pairwise difference between the three groups. Our results show that compared with controls, both patient groups (in pairwise comparisons) had a reduced integrity-closeness in pars orbitalis and insula, suggesting that the relationship between these areas and other brain regions is increased in schizophrenia. No differences were found between the First Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia groups. Since in schizophrenia the brain is affected as a whole, this may mirror that these regions may be related to the generalized structural alteration seen in schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/patologia , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Brasil , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Abnormal connectivity patterns have frequently been reported as involved in pathological mental states. However, most studies focus on "static," stationary patterns of connectivity, which may miss crucial biological information. Recent methodological advances have allowed the investigation of dynamic functional connectivity patterns that describe non-stationary properties of brain networks. Here, we introduce a novel graphical measure of dynamic connectivity, called time-varying eigenvector centrality (tv-EVC). In a sample 655 children and adolescents (7-15 years old) from the Brazilian "High Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders" who were imaged using resting-state fMRI, we used this measure to investigate age effects in the temporal in control and default-mode networks (CN/DMN). Using support vector regression, we propose a network maturation index based on the temporal stability of tv-EVC. Moreover, we investigated whether the network maturation is associated with the overall presence of behavioral and emotional problems with the Child Behavior Checklist. As hypothesized, we found that the tv-EVC at each node of CN/DMN become more stable with increasing age (P < 0.001 for all nodes). In addition, the maturity index for this particular network is indeed associated with general psychopathology in children assessed by the total score of Child Behavior Checklist (P = 0.027). Moreover, immaturity of the network was mainly correlated with externalizing behavior dimensions. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in functional network dynamics during neurodevelopment may provide unique insights regarding pathophysiology.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/patologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Encéfalo/patologia , Redes Neurais de Computação , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Vias Neurais/fisiologiaRESUMO
Este estudo aborda o conhecimento dos idosos hospitalizados sobre seus direitos relacionados à atenção e ao acesso aos serviços de saúde. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa convergente assistencial, que visa aproximar o processo de cuidar e a investigação em enfermagem. Participaram da pesquisa 30 pacientes com 60 anos ou mais, hospitalizados em duas unidades de um hospital do Sul do Brasil: uma clínica médica e outra de clínica cirúrgica. Os dados foram coletados através de perguntas semifechadas aplicadas durante a hospitalização dos idosos e organizados em quatro categorias: conhecimento sobre seus direitos; desconhecimento dos seus direitos; acesso aos serviços de saúde; e direito de ser bem tratado(a). A avaliação dos resultados foi feita por meio da modalidade de análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa constatou que o conhecimento dos idosos sobre seus direitos e cuidado com a saúde é superficial e desarticulado. Eles relataram ainda dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde, principalmente para marcar consultas médicas com especialistas, conseguir exames e receber medicamentos. O estudo demonstrou que há a necessidade de gestores e profissionais da área gerarem ações estratégicas para assegurar os direitos dos idosos, bem como para oferecer informações e facilitar o acesso a esses serviços.
This study addresses the knowledge of hospitalized elderly concerning their rights related to care and access to health services. For this, we used the convergent care research methodology, which aims to bring together the process of care and nursing research. The participants were 30 patients aged 60 years or more, hospitalized in two units of a hospital in Southern Brazil: a medical clinic and a surgical clinic. Data were collected through semi-closed questions applied during the hospital stay of the elderly and were organized into four categories: knowledge in terms of their rights; lack of knowledge regarding their rights; access to health services; and the right to be well treated.The evaluation of the results was done through the method of content analysis. The survey found that the knowledge of the elderly in terms of their rights and health care is superficial and disarticulated. They also reported difficulties in accessing health services, especially to setmedical consultationappointmentswith specialists, get tests and receive medication.The study showed that managers and professionals should generate strategic actions to ensure the rights of the elderly, as well as to provide information and facilitate access to these services.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Direitos dos Idosos , Idoso , Conhecimento , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Pesquisa em Enfermagem/métodos , Atenção à Saúde , Política de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Hospitalização , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of conditions that show abnormalities in the neuroanatomy of multiple brain regions. The variability in the development of intelligence and language among individuals on the autism spectrum has long been acknowledged, but it remains unknown whether these differences impact on the neuropathology of ASD. In this study, we aimed to compare associations between surface-based regional brain measures and general intelligence (IQ) scores in ASD individuals with and without a history of language delay. We included 64 ASD adults of normal intelligence (37 without a history of language delay and 27 with a history of language delay and 80 neurotypicals). Regions with a significant association between verbal and nonverbal IQ and measures of cortical thickness (CT), surface area, and cortical volume were first identified in the combined sample of individuals with ASD and controls. Thicker dorsal frontal and temporal cortices, and thinner lateral orbital frontal and parieto-occipital cortices were associated with greater and lower verbal IQ scores, respectively. Correlations between cortical volume and verbal IQ were observed in similar regions as revealed by the CT analysis. A significant difference between ASD individuals with and without a history of language delay in the association between CT and verbal IQ was evident in the parieto-occipital region. These results indicate that ASD subgroups defined on the basis of differential language trajectories in childhood can have different associations between verbal IQ and brain measures in adulthood despite achieving similar levels of cognitive performance.
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Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Inteligência , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/patologia , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To overcome the limitations of independent component analysis (ICA), today's most popular analysis tool for investigating whole-brain spatial activation in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we present a new class of local dimension-reduced dynamical spatio-temporal model which dispenses the independence assumptions that severely limit deeper connectivity descriptions between spatial components. The new method combines novel concepts of group sparsity with contiguity-constrained clusterization to produce physiologically consistent regions of interest in illustrative fMRI data whose causal interactions may then be easily estimated, something impossible under the usual ICA assumptions.
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Patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) have been studied as a model of functional brain reorganization due to their slow-growing nature. However, there is no information regarding which brain areas are involved during verbal memory encoding after extensive left frontal LGG resection. In addition, it remains unknown whether these patients can improve their memory performance after instructions to apply efficient strategies. The neural correlates of verbal memory encoding were investigated in patients who had undergone extensive left frontal lobe (LFL) LGG resections and healthy controls using fMRI both before and after directed instructions were given for semantic organizational strategies. Participants were scanned during the encoding of word lists under three different conditions before and after a brief period of practice. The conditions included semantically unrelated (UR), related-non-structured (RNS), and related-structured words (RS), allowing for different levels of semantic organization. All participants improved on memory recall and semantic strategy application after the instructions for the RNS condition. Healthy subjects showed increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during encoding for the RNS condition after the instructions. Patients with LFL excisions demonstrated increased activation in the right IFG for the RNS condition after instructions were given for the semantic strategies. Despite extensive damage in relevant areas that support verbal memory encoding and semantic strategy applications, patients that had undergone resections for LFL tumor could recruit the right-sided contralateral homologous areas after instructions were given and semantic strategies were practiced. These results provide insights into changes in brain activation areas typically implicated in verbal memory encoding and semantic processing.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/psicologia , Glioma/psicologia , Memória , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Glioma/fisiopatologia , Glioma/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Psicolinguística , Semântica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Recent studies have suggested a possible relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and neurocysticercosis (NC). We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association of NC and MTS. METHOD: We randomly selected patients with different epilepsy types, including: MTS, primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) and focal symptomatic epilepsy (FSE). Patients underwent a structured interview, followed by head computed tomography (CT). A neuroradiologist evaluated the scan for presence of calcified lesions suggestive of NC. CT results were matched with patients' data. RESULTS: More patients in the MTS group displayed calcified lesions suggestive of NC than patients in the other groups (p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, MTS was found to be an independent predictor of one or more calcified NC lesions (p=0.033). CONCLUSION: After controlling for confounding factors, we found an independent association between NC calcified lesions and MTS.
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Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurocisticercose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Esclerose , Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Recent studies have suggested a possible relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and neurocysticercosis (NC). We performed a case-control study to evaluate the association of NC and MTS. Method: We randomly selected patients with different epilepsy types, including: MTS, primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) and focal symptomatic epilepsy (FSE). Patients underwent a structured interview, followed by head computed tomography (CT). A neuroradiologist evaluated the scan for presence of calcified lesions suggestive of NC. CT results were matched with patients’ data. Results: More patients in the MTS group displayed calcified lesions suggestive of NC than patients in the other groups (p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, MTS was found to be an independent predictor of one or more calcified NC lesions (p=0.033). Conclusion: After controlling for confounding factors, we found an independent association between NC calcified lesions and MTS. .
Estudos recentes têm sugerido possível relação entre epilepsia do lobo temporal com esclerose mesial temporal (MTS) e neurocisticercose (NC). Conduzimos um estudo caso-controle para avaliar a associação de NC e MTS. Método: Selecionamos randomicamente pacientes com diferentes tipos de epilepsia, incluindo: MTS, epilepsia primariamente generalizada (PGE) e epilepsia focal sintomática (FSE). Pacientes foram submetidos a uma entrevista estruturada, seguida por uma tomografia computadorizada de crânio (CT). Um neuroradiologista avaliou as imagens quanto à presença de lesões calcificadas sugestivas de NC. Resultados das CT foram comparados com os dados dos pacientes. Resultados: Mais pacientes do grupo MTS apresentaram lesões calcificadas sugestivas de NC que de outros grupos (p=0,002). Na análise multivariável, MTS foi um preditor independente de uma ou mais calcificações sugestivas de NC (p=0,033). Conclusão: Após controlar para fatores confusionais, encontramos uma associação independente entre lesões calcificadas de NC e MTS. .
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Calcinose , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Neurocisticercose , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Análise Multivariada , Esclerose , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Lobo TemporalRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility of brain-activation and eye-movement patterns in a saccade paradigm when comparing subjects, tasks, and magnetic resonance (MR) systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five healthy adults at two different sites (n = 45) performed saccade tasks with varying levels of target predictability: predictable (PRED), position predictable (pPRED), time predictable (tPRED), and prosaccade (SAC). Eye-movement pattern was tested with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Activation maps reproducibility were estimated with the cluster overlap Jaccard index and signal variance coefficient of determination for within-subjects test-retest data, and for between-subjects data from the same and different sites. RESULTS: In all groups latencies increased with decreasing target predictability: PRED < pPRED < tPRED < SAC (P < 0,001). Activation overlap was good to fair (>0.40) in all tasks in the within-subjects test-retest comparisons and poor (<0.40) in the tPRED for different subjects. The overlap of the different tasks for within-groups data was higher (0.40-0.68) than for the between-groups data (0.30-0.50). Activation consistency was 60-85% in the same subjects, 50-79% in different subjects, and 50-80% in different sites. In SAC, the activation found in the same and in different subjects was more consistent than in other tasks (50-80%). CONCLUSION: The predictive saccade tasks produced evidence for brain-activation and eye-movement reproducibility.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Movimentos Oculares/fisiologia , Fixação Ocular/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Movimentos Sacádicos/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
O aumento da expectativa de vida e envelhecimento trás consigo possíveis perdas das capacidades funcionais. Estudo qualitativo, que objetivou identificar os fatores de estresse vivenciados por familiares de idosos dependentes durante o processo de hospitalização. A metodologia foi a pesquisa convergente assitencial, baseada na Teoria dos Sistemas de Betty Neuman. Participaram onze familiares acompanhantes de idosos dependentes internados numa clínica médica de um hospital universitário do sul do país, entre março a julho de 2007. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se a observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Para aferir o grau de dependência dos idosos utilizou-se a escala de Katz. Os resultados foram organizados em seis categorias: condições do idoso e familiar acompanhante; relações familiares; relações com os profissionais; organização familiar para o cuidado; percepções do cuidado e alta hospitalar. A pesquisa ressalta a importância do papel do enfermeiro enquanto educador, intermediador e agente capaz de desenvolver novas tecnologias de cuidado.
ncreased life expectancy and aging bring with them possible loss of functional capacities. A qualitative study was carried out to identify the stressors experienced by relatives of dependent elderly during hospitalization. The methodology employed was the convergent assistance servicing, based on Betty Neuman Systems Theory. From March to July 2007, eleven family caregivers of elderly residents in a medical clinic of an university hospital in southern Brazil participate in the study. To collect data we used participant observation and semi-structured interview. To measure the degree of dependency of the elderly was used the Katz scale. The results were organized into six categories: conditions of the elderly and family caregivers, family relationships, relationships with professionals, family organization for care, perceptions of care and discharge. The research highlights the importance of the nurse as educator, interlocutor and professional capable of developing new technologies in care.
El aumento de la esperanza de vida y el envejecimiento puede desencadenar la pérdida de las capacidades funcionales. Estudio cualitativo, que objetivó identificar los factores de estrés experimentados por los familiares acompañantes de los ancianos dependientes durante el proceso de hospitalización. La metodología fue la pesquisa convergente asistencial, basada en la Teoría de Sistemas de Betty Neuman. Once familiares acompañantes de los ancianos dependientes en una clínica de un hospital escuela en el sur del país, en el período de marzo a julio de 2007. Para recoger los datos se utilizó la observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Para medir el grado de dependencia de los ancianos se utilizó la escala de Katz. Los resultados fueron organizados en seis categorías: condiciones del anciano y familiar acompañante; relaciones familiares; relaciones profesionales; organización familiar para el cuidado; percepciones del cuidado y alta hospitalaria. La pesquisa resalta la importancia del enfermero como educador, intermediador y agente habilitado a desarrollar nuevas tecnologías del cuidado en salud.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Cuidadores , Família , Enfermagem Geriátrica , Hospitalização , Saúde do IdosoRESUMO
Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os fatores de estresse em familiares acompanhantes de idososdependentes durante o processo de hospitalização e alta, e propor intervenções segundo a Teoria dos Sistemasde Betty Neuman. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa convergente-assistencial, da qual participaram 11familiares acompanhantes e os idosos dependentes internados. Os dados foram coletados por meio daobservação participante e de um instrumento com perguntas semifechadas, baseado nas fases do processo deenfermagem proposto no referencial teórico. Para análise, os resultados foram organizados nas categoriasDificuldades no cuidado ao idoso dependente, Conflitos familiares, Problemas financeiros e Atendimento da redebásica de Saúde. O estudo constatou a importância do enfermeiro como intermediador com a equipe multiprofissional no cuidado presta do aos acompanhantes de idosos dependentes, o qual, com ações simplesdurante a internação, pode amenizar os efeitos desse evento e preparar o familiar acompanhante para reproduziros cuidados em domicílio, com o apoio da rede básica de saúde.
This study had the purpose to identify the factors of stress in families that accompany an old individual during theprocess of hospitalization and discharge, and proposed interventions according to the theory of systems by BettyNeuman. The methodology adopted was the convergent assistance. Eleven family members and theirhospitalized elder individuals took part on the study. Data were collected through the participation observation andan instrument with semi-closed questions, based on the process of phases of the nursing process proposed onthe theoretical reference. On the analysis, the results were organized in categories such as: difficulties in the careof an elder patient, family conflicts, financial problems, and problems with assistance at the Basic HealthServices. The study shows the importance of nursing as mediator to the multi-professional team in the care givento the company of an elder patient which with simple actions during the hospitalization, can reduce the bad effectsof these events and prepare the accompanying family to reproduce at home the care given, with the support ofthe basic health network.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores de estrés en familiares acompañantes de ancianos dependientes durante el proceso de hospitalización y alta, y proponer intervenciones según la teoría de lossistemas Betty Neuman. La metodología adoptada fue la investigación convergente asistencial. De estainvestigación, participaron 11 familiares acompañantes y los ancianos dependientes ingresados. Los datosfueron recogidos por medio de la observación participante y un instrumento con preguntas semicerradas, basadoen las fases del proceso de enfermería propuesto en el referencial teórico. Para análisis, los resultados fueronorganizados en categorías: dificultades en el cuidado al anciano dependiente, conflictos familiares, problemasfinancieros y atención de la red básica de salud. El estudio constató la importancia del enfermero comointermediador con el equipo multiprofesional en el cuidado prestado a los acompañantes de ancianosdependientes que, con acciones simples durante el ingreso, pueden amenizar los efectos de ese evento ypreparar el familiar acompañante para reproducir los cuidados en el hogar, con el apoyo de la red básica desalud.