RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: The plague, which is an infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, still threatens many populations in several countries. The worldwide increase in human plague cases and the potential use of the bacteria as a biological weapon reinforce the need to study the immunity that is induced by potential vaccine candidates. To determine the immunogenicity of antigenic preparations based on the F1 protein and the total extract from Y. pestis, we assessed the role of these antigens in inducing an immune response. Methods: The immunogenicity of antigenic preparations based on the Y. pestis (YP) total extract and the Y. pestis fraction 1 capsular antigen protein (F1) was determined in Swiss-Webster mice immunized with 40 µg or 20 µg for each preparation. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry. Results: Animals immunized with the YP total extract did not elicit detectable anti-F1 antibodies (Ab) in the hemaglutination/inhibition (HA/HI) test. Animals immunized with 40 µg or 20 µg of the F1 protein produced anti-F1 Abs, with titres ranging from 1/16 to 1/8132. The average of CD3+-CD4+ and CD3+-CD8+ T cells did not differ significantly between the groups. Neither YP total extract nor F1 protein induced a significant expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 in CD4+ T lymphocytes. In addition, F1 failed to induce IFN-γ expression in CD8+ T cells, unlike the YP total extract. Conclusion: The results showed that F1 protein is not an immunogenic T cell antigen, although the YP total extract (40 µg dose) favoured CD8+ T cell-mediated cellular immunity.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Baço/imunologia , Yersinia pestis/imunologia , Vacina contra a Peste/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Peste/prevenção & controle , Baço/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Imunofenotipagem , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunidade CelularRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The plague, which is an infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, still threatens many populations in several countries. The worldwide increase in human plague cases and the potential use of the bacteria as a biological weapon reinforce the need to study the immunity that is induced by potential vaccine candidates. To determine the immunogenicity of antigenic preparations based on the F1 protein and the total extract from Y. pestis, we assessed the role of these antigens in inducing an immune response. METHODS: The immunogenicity of antigenic preparations based on the Y. pestis (YP) total extract and the Y. pestis fraction 1 capsular antigen protein (F1) was determined in Swiss-Webster mice immunized with 40µg or 20µg for each preparation. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Animals immunized with the YP total extract did not elicit detectable anti-F1 antibodies (Ab) in the hemaglutination/inhibition (HA/HI) test. Animals immunized with 40µg or 20µg of the F1 protein produced anti-F1 Abs, with titres ranging from 1/16 to 1/8132. The average of CD3+-CD4+ and CD3+-CD8+ T cells did not differ significantly between the groups. Neither YP total extract nor F1 protein induced a significant expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 in CD4+ T lymphocytes. In addition, F1 failed to induce IFN-γ expression in CD8+ T cells, unlike the YP total extract. CONCLUSION: The results showed that F1 protein is not an immunogenic T cell antigen, although the YP total extract (40µg dose) favoured CD8+ T cell-mediated cellular immunity.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Vacina contra a Peste/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Yersinia pestis/imunologia , Animais , Relação CD4-CD8 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunidade Celular , Imunofenotipagem , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Camundongos , Peste/prevenção & controle , Baço/citologiaRESUMO
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has been extensively studied. MSCs can repair tissue, reduce local inflammation, and modulate the immune response. Persistent renal tubular interstitial inflammation results in fibrosis and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a very well-accepted renal fibrosis model. In this study, we evaluated factors influenced by the administration of MSCs or MSC-CM in the UUO model. MSCs extracted from rat bone marrow were cultivated in vitro and characterized by flow cytometry and cellular differentiation. Eight groups of female rats were used in experiments (n = 7, each), including Sham, UUO, UUO + MSC (obstruction + MSC), and UUO + CM (obstruction + MSC-CM) for 7 days of obstruction and Sham, UUO, UUO + MSC, and UUO + CM for 14 days of obstruction. The MSCs or MSC-CM was administered via the abdominal vena cava after total ligation of the left ureter. After 7 or 14 days, rats were euthanized, and serum and obstructed kidney samples were collected. MSCs or MSC-CM decreased the expression of molecules, such as Col1a1, α-SMA, and TNF-α. We also observed reductions in the levels of caspase 3, α-SMA, and PCNA in treated animals by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that the intravenous administration of MSCs or MSC-CM improves fibrosis progression and factors involved in apoptosis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in Wistar rats subjected to UUO, indicating a potential tool for preventing CKD.
Assuntos
Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Fibrose/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , Obstrução Ureteral/terapia , Actinas/biossíntese , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno Tipo I/biossíntese , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/imunologia , Feminino , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/terapia , Túbulos Renais/patologia , Masculino , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
T-cells play an important role controlling immunity against pathogens and therefore influence the outcome of human diseases. Although most T-lymphocytes co-express either CD4 or CD8, a smaller T-cell subset found the in the human peripheral blood that expresses the αß or γδ T-cell-receptor (TCR) lacks the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors. These double negative (DN) T-cells have been shown to display important immunological functions in human diseases. To better understand the role of DN T-cells in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we have characterized their frequency, activation and cytokine profile in a well-defined group of tuberculosis patients, categorized as severe and non-severe based on their clinical status. Our data showed that whereas high frequency of αß DN T-cells observed in M. tuberculosis-infected patients are associated with disease severity, decreased proportion of γδ DN T-cells are found in patients with severe tuberculosis. Together with activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells, higher frequencies of both αß and γδ DN T-cells from tuberculosis patients also express the chronic activation marker HLA-DR. However, the expression of CD69, an early activation marker, is selectively observed in DN T-cells. Interestingly, while αß and γδ DN T-cells from patients with non-severe tuberculosis display a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, characterized by enhanced IFN-γ, the γδ DN T-cells from patients with severe disease express a modulatory profile exemplified by enhanced interleukin-10 production. Overall, our findings suggest that αß and γδ DN T-cell present disparate immunoregulatory potentials and seems to contribute to the development/maintenance of distinct clinical aspects of TB, as part of the complex immunological network triggered by the TB infection.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta , Tuberculose , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem da Célula/imunologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidade , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/citologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose/microbiologiaRESUMO
Infravesical obstruction (IVO) secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy can affect up to 50% of men over 50 years old and may cause serious and irreversible alterations throughout the urinary tract, especially in the bladder. Therapeutic approaches are currently limited. Amitriptyline has recently been described as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and myorelaxant in some experimental models. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of amitriptyline hydrochloride on the process of fibrosis in a bladder outlet obstruction model in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to IVO and studied at intervals of 1 and 14 days postprocedure. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, IVO1-T, IVO1-NT, IVO14-T and IVO14-NT. Bladder tissue was processed for histopathology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The IVO14 groups presented bladder fibrosis, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and bladder wall thickening. The IVO14-T group demonstrated a higher intensity of fibrosis, higher macrophage infiltration rate and higher gene expression of Transforming growth factor (TGF) Tgf-ß1. Thus this data shows that in this experimental mode amitriptyline had an amplifying effect on the process of fibrosis as a whole.
Assuntos
Amitriptilina/farmacologia , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fibrose , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Obstrução do Colo da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Changes in podocyte phenotype and function are characteristic of proteinuric glomerular diseases. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) functions as a common downstream effector in proteinuric diseases. In addition, ILK was shown to interact with the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we investigated ILK expression as well as its involvement with the Wnt signaling pathway in renal biopsies of patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and in a correspondent in vivo model of podocyte lesion. METHODS: Biopsies from 37 patients with primary FSGS were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for ILK, phosphorylated GSK-3ß (pGSK-3ß) and ß-catenin expression. As experimental model, male Wistar rats received 5 injections of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) at 2-week intervals, and their kidneys were evaluated for ILK, P-cadherin and pAkt expression as well as ß-catenin and LEF-1 colocalization. RESULTS: Patients presented de novo ILK expression and pGSK-3ß in podocytes. In animals, there was an increase in gene and protein expression of ILK, mainly detected in the podocytes, as well as increased protein expression of pAkt compared with controls. ß-Catenin translocated to the nuclei of podocytes in animals and patients. ß-Catenin colocalized with LEF-1 in the nuclei of podocytes of animals. Gene expression of ß-catenin and P-cadherin in PAN rats was lower compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that activation of ILK activated the Wnt signaling pathway in damaged podocytes. This phenomenon could have an important role in development and/or progression of clinical and experimental FSGS.
Assuntos
Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/enzimologia , Podócitos/enzimologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Biópsia , Caderinas/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/induzido quimicamente , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/genética , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/patologia , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fator 1 de Ligação ao Facilitador Linfoide/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosforilação , Podócitos/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Puromicina Aminonucleosídeo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem , beta Catenina/genéticaRESUMO
Adhesive interactions play a critical role in cell biology, influencing vital processes from proliferation to cell death. Integrins regulate cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) adhesion and must associate with phosphorylating proteins such as ILK (integrin-linked kinase). Dysregulation of ILK expression is associated with anchorage-independent growth, cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis. Glucocorticoids influence differentiation and adhesion of osteoblasts and can affect bone protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of DEX (dexamethasone) on the biology of osteoblasts, together with its influence on the expression of ILK and ß1 integrin. For this, primary cultures of human osteoblasts were exposed to DEX at 10-9 M (physiological dose) and 10-6 M (pharmacological dose) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability, apoptosis and cell adhesion were analysed, as well as protein expression of ß1 integrin and ILK. It was observed that cell viability and adhesion were reduced in the cultures evaluated. In comparison with the control cultures, there was slightly less apoptosis in the cultures exposed to the physiological dose and considerably more apoptosis in those exposed to the pharmacological dose. In all treated cultures, protein expression of ILK was slightly higher than in the control cultures, whereas that of ß1 integrin was significantly lower. Both proteins under study were co-localized at the cell periphery in all cultures. Our results suggest that DEX causes osteoblast anoikis, probably due to decreased ß1 integrin expression, which might have had a direct influence upon ILK, reducing its activation and preventing it from playing its characteristic anti-apoptotic role.
Assuntos
Dexametasona/farmacologia , Integrina beta1/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Apoptose , Western Blotting , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We studied p38 phosphorylation and its intracellular localization during p53 and Puma (a p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) apoptotic signaling pathway in bone marrow granulocytes in mice irradiated in vivo and the role of the radioprotector amifostine in ameliorating these responses. Sixty-four C57BL mice were randomly assigned in two non-irradiated (Ami-/rad- and Ami+/rad-) and two irradiated (Ami-/rad+ and Ami+/rad+) groups. Animals received 400mg/kg of amifostine i.p. 30 min prior to a single whole body radiation dose of 7Gy. The experiments were performed using immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, p53, p-p53 (Ser 15), Puma, p38 and p-p38 (Thr 180/Tyr 182) protein expression. In addition transmission electron microscopy was used for ultrastructural characterization of apoptosis. Data showed that: (i) amifostine significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells, (ii) p-p53 and Puma proteins were strongly immunostained in granulocytes after irradiation (Ami-/rad+), (iii) amifostine decreased the immunostaining of the proteins (Ami+/rad+), (iv) p38 was immunolocalized in physiological conditions in the nucleus and cytoplasm of granulocytes and neither radiation nor amifostine changed the protein immunostaining or its subcellular distribution, but influenced its activation, (v) radiation-induced p38 phosphorylation and its cytoplasmic accumulation during apoptosis signaling in granulocytes after whole body high radiation dose and amifostine markedly reduced these effects.
Assuntos
Amifostina/farmacologia , Apoptose/fisiologia , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/metabolismo , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/citologia , Granulócitos/efeitos da radiação , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Transporte Proteico/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Dimorphandra mollis Benth., Fabaceae, also known as "faveira" or "fava-d'anta", is a plant common to the central woodsy meadow region of Brazil. It is well known for its antioxidant, antiplatelet and, principally, vasoprotective properties. Its principal component is rutin. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the safety of the use of the dried D. mollis extract in rodents. The rutin content of the standardized extract was 76.0±3 percent. With respect to the biochemical and hematological parameters evaluated, no alterations in the groups of rats that received 1000 and 2000 mg/kg doses of D. mollis were observed, but an increase in eosinophiles occurred. Hyperactivity of the white splenic pulp was detected in the group that received the 2000 mg/kg dose of D. mollis. In the evaluation of the lymphproliferative response with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, no alterations were observed, and a decrease in IgG was only observed in the studies with a 2000 mg/kg dose. The results obtained with rodents suggest that no toxicity exists with the administration of dried D. mollis extract in a 1000 mg/kg dose.
A Dimorphandra mollis Benth., Fabaceae, conhecida como faveira ou fava-d'anta, é uma planta comum do cerrado central do Brasil, muito utilizada por suas propriedades antioxidante, antiplaquetária e, principalmente, como vasoprotetora. Seu principal marcador é a rutina. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a segurança da utilização do extrato seco de D. mollis em roedores. O extrato foi extraído, padronizado e quantificado apresentando teor de 76,0±3 por cento de rutina. Nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos avaliados, não se observou alterações nos grupos de machos e fêmeas que receberam a dose de 1000 e 2000 mg/kg de D. mollis, mas observou-se um aumento de eosinófilos. Nos estudos histopatológicos detectou-se hiperreatividade da polpa branca esplênica, no grupo que recebeu a dose de 2000 mg/kg de D. mollis. Na avaliação da resposta linfoproliferativa, com 1000 e 2000 mg/kg não foram observadas alterações, e somente nos estudos com a dose de 2000 mg/kg se observou diminuição de IgG. Os resultados obtidos, utilizando roedores, sugerem que nenhuma toxicidade existe na administração de extrato seco de D. mollis na dose de 1000 mg/kg.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of survival-related molecules such Akt and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to evaluate Akt pathway activation in epileptogenesis process. Furthermore, was also investigated the mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y, a considered antiepileptic neuropeptide, in the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Hippocampi were removed 6h (acute phase), 12h (late acute), 5d (silent) and 60d (chronic) after status epilepticus (SE) onset, and from animals that received pilocarpine but did not develop SE (partial group). Hippocampi collected were used to specify mRNA expression using Real-Time PCR. Immunohistochemistry assay was employed to place ILK distribution in the hippocampus and Western blot technique was used to determine Akt activation level. A decrease in ILK mRNA content was found during acute (0.39+/-0.03) and chronic (0.48+/-0.06) periods when compared to control group (0.87+/-0.10). Protein levels of ILK were also diminished during both periods. Partial group showed increased ILK mRNA expression (0.80+/-0.06) when compared with animals in the acute stage. Silent group had ILK mRNA and immunoreactivity similar to control group. Western blot assay showed an augmentation in Akt activation in silent period (0.52+/-0.03) in comparison with control group (0.44+/-0.01). Neuropeptide Y mRNA expression increased in the partial group (1.67+/-0.22) and in the silent phase (1.45+/-0.29) when compared to control group (0.36+/-0.12). Results suggest that neuropeptide Y (as anticonvulsant) might act in protective mechanisms occurred during epileptic phenomena. Together with ILK expression and Akt activation, these molecules could be involved in hippocampal neuroprotection in epilepsy.
Assuntos
Hipocampo/metabolismo , Neuropeptídeo Y/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Convulsões/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Animais , Western Blotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Neuropeptídeo Y/genética , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/metabolismo , Fosforilação/fisiologia , Pilocarpina , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Convulsões/genética , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Estado Epiléptico/induzido quimicamente , Estado Epiléptico/genética , Estado Epiléptico/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is characterized by disseminated lesions and the absence of a specific cellular immune response. Here, the immunochemotherapy outcome of a patient with DCL from Amazonian Brazil infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is presented. After several unsuccessful chemotherapy treatment regimens and many relapses, a monthly immunotherapy scheme of L. amazonensis PH8 plus L. (Viannia) braziliensis M2903 monovalent vaccines associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was established, one round of which also included an M2903 vaccine associated with intermittent antimonial treatment. Temporary healing of all lesions was achieved, although Leishmania skin tests were negative and interferon gamma was not detected in mononuclear cell cultures stimulated with Leishmania antigens. The frequencies of CD16 (+)CD56(+) NK cells (approximately 2x) and CD14 (+)CD16(+) proinflammatory monocytes (approximately 8x) increased in peripheral blood, and CD56 (+) lymphocytes were found infiltrating the lesions. An association between the increase of the frequency of innate immune system cells and the healing of lesions is shown, suggesting that this protocol of immunotherapy reduced the parasite load and activated NK cells and monocytes.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Células Matadoras Naturais , Leishmania mexicana/isolamento & purificação , Vacinas contra Leishmaniose/uso terapêutico , Leishmaniose Tegumentar Difusa/tratamento farmacológico , Monócitos , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/uso terapêutico , Antígenos de Protozoários/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Bioensaio , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Leishmania mexicana/imunologia , Leishmaniose Tegumentar Difusa/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Amitriptyline is a pleiotropic tricyclic antidepressant, which has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We tested whether amitriptyline might be useful in the treatment of chronic renal disease using the mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Amitriptyline caused a significant reduction of interstitial fibrosis, determined by Masson's staining, with minimal myofibroblast formation and macrophage infiltration following ureteral obstruction. Using quantitative PCR we found that this treatment significantly reduced the expression of key molecular markers of progressive tubulointerstitial injury such as osteopontin, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and TGF-beta1 compared to their level in a saline-treated control group. Sublethal X-irradiation or mycophenolate mofetil, treatments that reduce inflammation, were comparable to amitriptyline in the reduction of interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. These studies in animals suggest that amitriptyline is worth testing as a therapeutic agent that might preserve renal function by blocking inflammation and renal fibrosis.
Assuntos
Amitriptilina/farmacologia , Fibrose/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias/patologia , Animais , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos , Biomarcadores , Movimento Celular , Progressão da Doença , Fibrose/prevenção & controle , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Macrófagos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
CONTEXTO: A síndrome do músculo piriforme pode ter como causa a passagem anormal do nervo ciático ou de uma de suas partes pelo ventre do músculo piriforme. OBJETIVO: Analisar as relações anatômicas e métricas entre o músculo piriforme e o nervo ciático, contribuindo com o conhecimento anátomo-clínico da região glútea. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 cadáveres adultos de ambos os sexos. O nervo ciático e o músculo piriforme foram dissecados, medidos e fotodocumentados. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 85 por cento das 40 regiões glúteas apresentaram o nervo como tronco único, passando pela borda inferior do músculo piriforme, e 15 por cento mostraram uma variação bilateral, caracterizada pela passagem do nervo fibular comum através do músculo piriforme. Os dados obtidos não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes.
CONTEXT: Piriform muscle syndrome can be caused by abnormal passage of the sciatic nerve or one of its parts through the belly of the piriform muscle. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomical and measurement relationships between the piriform muscle and the sciatic nerve in order to contribute towards better anatomoclinical understanding of the gluteal region. METHOD: Twenty adult cadavers of both sexes were used. The sciatic nerve and piriform muscle were dissected, measured and photodocumented. RESULTS: The sciatic nerve was seen to be a single trunk passing through the lower margin of the piriform muscle in 85 percent of the 40 gluteal regions, and 15 percent showed bilateral variation characterized by the passage of the common fibular nerve through the piriform muscle. The data obtained did not show any statistically significant differences.
Assuntos
Anatomia , Nádegas , Dissecação , Músculos , Nervo Isquiático , Nervo Fibular , Nervo TibialRESUMO
Vários autores têm relatado o envolvimento ocular externo em cäes naturalmente infectados com Leihmania infantum e Leishmania donovani. Entretanto, ainda näo foram realizados estudos dos olhos de cäes no nosso meio. Objetivando investigar a possibilidade de parasitismo ocular, quatro cäes controle e 12 cäes com leishmaniose visceral foram examinados, todos provinientesda regiäo metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.O diagnóstico foi realizado através de sorologia convencional (RIFI e ELISA) e exame parasilógico de aspirado de medula óssea. Para o isolamento do parasito foi realizada a inoculaçäo de aproximadamente 100 ml de humor aquoso e/ou corpo vítreo em meio de cultura de NNN/LIT, que foi mantido a ...
Assuntos
Cães , Animais , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/patologia , EndoftalmiteRESUMO
O quadro clínico da leishmaniose visceral canina se assemelha muito ao quadro clínico da leishmaniose visceral humana. Embora estas alteraçöes sejam amplamente abordadas em praticamente todos os sistemas no cäo, o estudo das alteraçöes imunológicas näo têm sido profundamente estudados. Aproximadamente 20ml de humor aquoso e corpo vítreo foram utilizados para exames imunológicos através do ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) para detecçäo de anticorpos anti leishmania (IgM e IgG) e 10ml de humor aquoso foram utilizados para dosagem de proteína pela micro técnica de Lowry. Detectou se anticorpos anti leishmania (IgM e IgG) em níveis que variaram de 1:80 a 1:2560 no humor aquoso e/ou corpo vítreo dos animais infectados e menores que 1:5 nos animais controle...