RESUMO
RESUMO: O uso de substâncias psicoativas pode induzir complicações cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste relato é descrever o caso de um paciente jovem com cardiomiopatia dilatada secundaÌria ao uso de cocaína. Paciente com dispneia haÌ seis meses, com piora progressiva, dispneia paroxística noturna, ortopneia e edema de membros inferiores. Ao exame físico apresentava taquicardia (110 bpm), com demais sinais vitais sem alterações, presença de estertores crepitantes em bases e campos médios, ascite de moderado volume e edema importante de membros inferiores. No eletrocardiogra-ma, apresentava ritmo sinusal com sobrecarga de caÌmaras esquerdas; na radiografia de toÌrax, apenas cardiomegalia acentuada. O ecocardiograma evidenciou fração de ejeção (FE) do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) reduzida (7%), aumento de aÌtrio esquerdo e ventriÌculo direito (VD), com hipertrofia exceÌntrica e disfunçaÌo sistoÌlica acentuada do VE, com disfunçaÌo moderada do VD e hipertensão pulmonar (39 mmHg). Na ressonância, apresentou dilatação discreta do aÌtrio direito, VD com dilatação importante, disfunção sistólica biventricular importante, com hipocinesia difusa (FE 8% de VD), além de fibrose miocaÌrdica de padraÌo naÌo coronariano inferosseptal. O caso relatado evidencia um diagnoÌstico cujo mecanismo fisiopatoloÌgico da cardiomiopatia dilatada naÌo estaÌ claro. A associaçaÌo mais coerente da cardiomiopatia dilatada apre-sentada pelo paciente estaÌ relacionada ao uso abusivo de cocaína, devido ao estímulo recorrente e de longa duração que o excesso de catecolaminas provocou no miocaÌrdio. Tendo em vista o espectro de cardiomiopatia, infarto e arritmias que potencialmente podem ocorrer associados ao uso de cocaína, deve-se considerar a hipótese de cardiotoxicidade na avaliação de paciente com história de abuso de cocaína. (AU)
ABSTRACT: The use of psychoactive substances can induce cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a young patient with dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to cocaine use. Patient with dyspnea for six months, with progressive worsening, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, and lower limb edema. Physical examination showed tachycardia (110 bpm), with other vital signs without alterations, presence of crackling rales in the bases and middle fields, moderate volume ascites, and significant lower limb edema. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with left chamber overload; chest X-ray only marked cardiomegaly. The echocardiogram showed reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (7%), enlarged left atrium, and right ventricle (RV), with eccentric hypertrophy and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, with moderate RV dysfunction and pulmonary hyper-tension (39 mmHg). Resonance presented mild right atrial dilatation, RV with significant dilatation, significant biven-tricular systolic dysfunction, with diffuse hypokinesia, and myocardial fibrosis of non-coronary pattern. The reported case shows a diagnosis whose pathophysiological mechanism of dilated cardiomyopathy is not clear. The most coher-ent association of dilated cardiomyopathy presented by the patient is related to cocaine abuse, due to the long-term recurrent stimulus that excess catecholamines caused in the myocardium. Given the spectrum of cardiomyopathy, infarction, and arrhythmias that may potentially occur associated with cocaine use, the hypothesis of cardiotoxicity should be considered in the evaluation of a patient with a history of cocaine abuse. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Disfunção Ventricular , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína , Cardiotoxicidade , Hipertensão Pulmonar , CardiomiopatiasRESUMO
Esophageal malignancy encompasses a group of diseases that are mostly represented by the squamous cell carcinoma and the adenocarcinoma. Quite frequently, these neoplasms present aggressive behavior; therefore, the diagnosis is often made when the condition is in advanced stages. Dysphagia is the typical clinical complaint, although it is present only when most of the lumen is obstructed. Therefore, quite often, the metastatic disease is first diagnosed, which contributes to the patient's poor survival expectancy. The authors report the case of a 58-year-old man who looked for medical care complaining of a long-term history of scapular pain. The diagnostic work-up disclosed a cervical spine lytic lesion surrounded by a tumoral mass shown by computed tomography. The cervical tumor was sampled by fine needle aspiration, revealing an undifferentiated carcinoma. The outcome was unfavorable and the patient died. The autopsy findings revealed metastatic disease to the spine and central nervous system, and the primary tumor was found to be an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which had progressed without typical dysphagia.