RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the information obtained of the percentage of improvement declared orally with the improvement marked in the visual analogical scale (VAS) in patients under and over 65 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-five individuals with acute shoulder pain (enthesitis) were evaluated. The subjects were requested to mark the pain intensity in the VAS before a treatment with corticosteroid injection in the shoulder and were evaluated again through the VAS one week after the procedure. They were also requested to declare orally the pain intensity. Then, the information was compared between patients aged under and over 65 years of age. RESULTS: 29.8% of those younger than 65 years, and 60.95% of those older than that age presented more than 10% difference between orally stated and calculated pain relief percentage based on the VSA. CONCLUSION: The difference between the orally stated and the calculated pain relief percentage based on the VSA was significantly higher in the group of those older than 65 years. This finding proved that the VAS is a poor method to evaluate pain relief in the senior population.
Comparar las informaciones obtenidas del porcentaje verbal de mejoría declarada verbalmente con la escala visual analógica (EVA) en personas con edad menor y mayor o igual de 65 años.
Assuntos
Medição da Dor , Dor de Ombro , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Humanos , Dor de Ombro/diagnóstico , Dor de Ombro/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The conservation of Tabebuia heptaphylla, an economically significant, endangered tree of the South Atlantic Forest is confined to arboreta. Although its seeds are orthodox, they do not withstand long-term storage in conventional seed banks, motivating the development of cryopreservation for this species. Seeds within the moisture content (MC) range of 7.5 percent (0.08 g water g dry mass) to 8.4 percent (0.09 g water g dry mass) germinated after storage in liquid nitrogen (LN). Storage duration (15 min to 26 weeks) and rewarming regime (slow and rapid) did not significantly influence germination, which ranged between 54-67 percent. As no additional cryoprotective treatments were required, the protocol is time-, cost- and technically-efficient. Because transport of seeds in LN is problematic for safety, logistic and technical reasons, the feasibility of implementing germplasm transfer using T. heptaphylla seeds recovered from cryobanks was also tested. Viability was not negatively affected in seeds that had been rewarmed, recovered and maintained at room temperature for 2 weeks, allowing safe germplasm transfer in the unfrozen state. The vigor of seedlings from cryopreserved seeds, which was evaluated 90 days after transfer to soil was not influenced by LN storage compared to the controls.
Assuntos
Criopreservação/métodos , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Sementes/metabolismo , Brasil , Temperatura Baixa , Germinação , Sementes/química , Manejo de Espécimes , Temperatura , ÁrvoresRESUMO
This study was conducted in order to determine the chemical composition and the possible antinociceptive effects in mice of some species of Phyllanthus in vitro. The methanolic extracts obtained from callus cultures of P. fraternus, P. stipulatus and P. caroliniensis caused significant inhibition in to the late phase of the formalin test, whereas the extract from P. urinaria inhibited both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of the test. Conventional chromatographic methods (TLC, GC) permitted the detection of some steroids or triterpenes, including beta-sitosterol, glochidonol and glochidone, which seem be responsible for the antinociceptive effects of the callus extracts studied.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Acetaminofen/farmacologia , Analgésicos/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Aspirina/farmacologia , Brasil , Técnicas de Cultura , Formaldeído , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/prevenção & controle , Medição da Dor , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Esteróis/química , Esteróis/isolamento & purificação , Esteróis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of the methanolic extract from callus culture of Phyllanthus tenellus, P. corcovadensis and P. niruri in several models of pain in mice. The extracts (medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) of P. corcovadensis, P. niruri and P. tenellus (3-90 mg kg-1, i.p.) caused graded inhibition of abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid (0.6%), with ID50 (i.e. dose that reduced response of control by 50%) values of about 30, 19 and > 30 mg kg-1, respectively. The extract of callus of Phyllanthus obtained in indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-acetic acid media (3-90 mg kg-1, i.p.) caused a similar analgesic effect. In the formalin test, the extract of P. tenellus obtained in indole butyric acid medium (3-100 mg kg-1, i.p.) inhibited only the second phase of formalin-induced pain with an ID50 value of about 100 mg kg-1. Both the indole acetic acid and indole butyric acid methanolic extracts of P. tenellus and P. corcovadensis (10-100 mg kg-1, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited both phases of formalin-induced pain (ID50 values for the second phase were approx. 100 and 52 mg kg-1, respectively). However, the extract of callus from Phyllanthus failed to affect formalin-induced paw oedema, as well as the response to radiant heat in the tail-flick test. In addition, the analgesic effect of morphine, but not the analgesic effects caused by Phyllanthus callus extract, was fully antagonized by naloxone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)