RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between neonatal brain injury assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes at 2 and 10 years of age, in a longitudinal cohort of children born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: There were 112 children born at <32 weeks of gestation who participated in a longitudinal prospective study on brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome. Using the Kidokoro score, neonatal brain injury and altered brain growth in white matter, cortical and deep gray matter, and the cerebellum were assessed. Cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes were assessed during follow-up visits at both 2 (corrected) and 10 years of age. RESULTS: After adjusting for perinatal factors and level of maternal education, the global brain abnormality score was associated with cognition (B = -1.306; P = .005), motor skills (B = -3.176; P < .001), and behavior (B = 0.666; P = .005) at 2 years of age, but was not associated with cognition at 10 years of age. In the subgroup of children with a moderate-severe global brain abnormality score, magnetic resonance imaging was independently associated with cognitive impairment at 10 years of age. For children with milder forms of brain injury, only birth weight and level of maternal education were associated with cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal brain injury, assessed by a standardized scoring system, was associated with short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, but only with motor skills and behavior in childhood. Environmental factors, such as level of maternal education, become more important for cognitive development as children grow older, especially for children with relatively mild neonatal brain injury.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente Extremamente Prematuro , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This study examines differences in self-reported mental health problems between detained youths from Dutch, Moroccan, and Surinamese origin and the usefulness of mental health problems to predict violent and property recidivism in these juveniles. A sample of 296 detained boys aged between 12 and 18 years were assessed by means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Official information regarding criminal history and recidivism was collected 3-6 years later. In general, Dutch youths and Surinamese youths reported more conduct problems than Moroccan youths, while Dutch youths also reported more hyperactivity than Surinamese youths. Mental health problems were not predictive of violent recidivism in any of the ethnic groups, while being related with property recidivism in Dutch and Surinamese youths. The current study showed that Moroccan youths present themselves on the SDQ as a less seriously disturbed group of youths than their Dutch and Surinamese counterparts. Our results also clearly showed that SDQ self-report scores are not predictive of future violent crimes in any of the three ethnic groups. Implications of the findings and limitations of the current study are discussed.