RESUMO
Resumen: En los últimos años, el mundo entero se vio enfrentado al manejo de pacientes con una patología totalmente nueva y desafiante en términos de su entendimiento fisiopatológico y estrategias de manejo, mientras que su tasa de contagio se incrementaba de manera importante. Se trata de la enfermedad COVID-19, originada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y que puso en alerta a toda la humanidad. Por lo tanto, se presentaron grandes problemas de salud pública, incluyendo el desabastecimiento de medicamentos y recursos de primera línea para el control de la enfermedad, y en los pacientes críticos se afectó el manejo de soporte óptimo a medida que se superaba la compleja respuesta inmunológica, que terminaba afectando en sus primeros estadios el parénquima pulmonar, y según el estado fisiológico, mórbido y genético del huésped, generando una disfunción orgánica múltiple. En el presente documento se establecen las mejores alternativas para enfrentar un desabastecimiento de medicamentos asociados al abordaje integral de la analgosedación, prevención y manejo de delirium y abstinencia, así como la necesidad de relajación neuromuscular en cada una de las fases por las que atraviesa el paciente crítico hospitalizado en Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo con soporte respiratorio invasivo o no invasivo.
Abstract: In recent years, the entire world has been faced with the management of patients with a totally new and challenging pathology in terms of its pathophysiological understanding and management strategies, while its rate of infection was increased significantly. It is the COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and that put all of humanity on alert. Therefore, major public health problems arose, including shortages of medicines and first-line resources for disease control, and in critical patients, optimal support management was affected as the complex immune response was overcome, which ended up affecting the lung parenchymal in its early stages, and depending on the physiological, morbid and genetic state of the host, generating multiple organ dysfunction. This document establishes the best alternatives to face a shortage of medications associated with the comprehensive approach to analgesia and sedation, prevention and management of delirium and withdrawal, and the need for neuromuscular relaxation in each of the phases that critically hospitalized patients go through in Intensive Care Units with invasive or non-invasive respiratory support.
Resumo: Nos últimos anos, o mundo inteiro se deparou com o manejo de pacientes com uma patologia totalmente nova e desafiadora em termos de compreensão fisiopatológica e estratégias de manejo, enquanto sua taxa de contágio aumentava significativamente. Trata-se da doença COVID-19, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 que colocou toda a humanidade em alerta. Surgiram, assim, grandes problemas de saúde pública, incluindo a escassez de medicamentos e recursos de primeira linha para o controle da doença, em pacientes em estado crítico afetou-se o manejo do suporte ideal à medida que superavase a complexa resposta imune, que terminava afetando o parênquima pulmonar em seu estágio inicial, e dependendo do estado fisiológico, mórbido e genético do hospedeiro, gerando múltiplas disfunções orgânicas. Este documento estabelece as melhores alternativas para enfrentar a escassez de medicamentos associada à abordagem integral da analgesedação, prevenção e manejo do delirium e abstinência, e a necessidade de relaxamento muscular em cada uma das fases que atravessa o paciente em estado crítico internado na UTI com suporte respiratório invasivo ou não invasivo.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: The National Early Warning Score (NEWS)-2 is an early warning scale that is used in emergency departments to identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration and to help establish rapid and timely management. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and prediction of mortality using the NEWS2 scale for adults in the emergency department of a tertiary clinic in Colombia.A prospective observational study was conducted between August 2018 and June 2019 at the Universidad de La Sabana Clinic.The nursing staff in the triage classified the patients admitted to the emergency room according to Emergency Severity Index and NEWS2. Demographic data, physiological variables, admission diagnosis, mortality outcome, and comorbidities were extracted.Three thousand nine hundred eighty-six patients were included in the study. Ninety-two (2%) patients required intensive care unit management, with a mean NEWS2 score of 7. A total of 158 patients died in hospital, of which 63 were women (40%). Of these 65 patients required intensive care unit management. The receiver operating characteristic curve for NEWS2 had an area of 0.90 (CI 95%: 0.87-0.92). A classification and score equivalency analysis was performed between triage and the NEWS2 scale in terms of mortality. Of the patients classified as triage I, 32.3% died, and those who obtained a NEWS2 score greater than or equal to 10 had a mortality of 38.6%.Among our population, NEWS2 was not inferior in its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve when predicting mortality than triage, and the cutoff point for NEWS2 to predict in-hospital mortality was higher.