RESUMO
La empatía es un constructo con múltiples definiciones y modelos explicativos, los cuales se han conformado a partir de observaciones e investigaciones en humanos y otros animales. En el presente, se revisaron estudios en humanos sanos, que vincula empatía con conducta motora, sistema nervioso autónomo y central. La evidencia presentada apoya la asociación entre empatía y el sistema de neuronas en espejo, la imitación facial, el contagio pupilar, el sistema autonómico, la interocepción, la conectividad neuronal, la ínsula, el cíngulo, entre otras. Finalmente, esta revisión incentiva el estudio, investigación y desarrollo de las múltiples áreas y disciplinas que tratan con la empatía.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Empatia/fisiologia , Neurônios-Espelho/fisiologia , Interocepção/fisiologia , NeurofisiologiaRESUMO
The obtaining of chitosan extruded films was possible by using low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a matrix polymer and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer as an adhesive, in order to ensure adhesion in the interphase of the immiscible polymers. The obtained blend films were resistant; however, a reduction in the mechanical resistance was observed as chitosan concentration increased. The thermal stability of the films showed a certain grade of interaction between polymers as seen in FTIR spectra. The antifungal activity of the extruded films was assessed against Aspergillus niger and high inhibition percentages were observed, which may be mainly attributed to barrier properties of the extruded films and the limited oxygen availability, resulting in the inability of the fungi to grow. A low adherence of fungal spores to the material surface was observed, mainly in areas with chitosan clumps, which can serve as starting points for material degradation.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas/síntese química , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/síntese química , Quitosana/química , Membranas Artificiais , Polietileno/química , Polietilenos/síntese química , Adesividade , Animais , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Aspergillus niger/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos QuímicosRESUMO
El odontólogo general debe poseer conocimientos de manejo médico y farmacológico de pacientes diabéticos, y ser capaz de implementar en éstos un esquema terapéutico adecuado. El presente estudio trata sobre pacientes diabéticos sometidos a cirugía bucal, durante un año. El objetivo de esta investigación es crear un protocolo de cirugía bucal que logre una menor taza de complicaciones post-operatorias. Se recibieron 182 pacientes, promedio de edad de 60.8 años. La mayoría de los procedimientos fueron exodoncias (51,6%). Se encontró que los pacientes con glicemia superior a los 170mg/dl tiene 2,42 más posibilidades de desarrollar una complicación post quirúrgica (IC: 95%). Se registraron 5 complicaciones (sangramiento, alveolitis y flegmón) los cuales presentaban como promedio una glicemia de 182 mg/dl (DS: 7,583). Es fundamental lograr una mayor conciencia sobre la importancia del control de la glicemia en la población. Al ser la diabetes una patología en aumento es meritorio seguir incursionando en protocolos de atención que nos den un mejor control pre y post-operatorio
A general dentist must have knowledge of medical and pharmacological management of diabetic patients, and be able to organize an appropriate therapeutic treatment. The present study deals with diabetic patients undergoing oral surgery for a year. The aim of this research is to create a protocol of oral surgery that achieves smaller postoperative complications. There were 182 patients, average age of 60.8 years. Most of the procedures were extractions (51.6%). We found that patients with 170mg/dl higher blood glucose are to 2.42 more likely to develop post-surgical complication (CI: 95%). There were 5 complications (bleeding, dry socket and celulitis) which presented an average of 182 mg / dl of Blood Glucose (SD: 7.583). It is essential to enhance awareness about the importance of glycemic control in the population. As a condition of diabetes is increasing merit further inroads into treatment protocols to give us better pre and post-operative control
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Protocolos Clínicos , Cirurgia Bucal/tendências , Cirurgia Bucal , Diabetes Mellitus , Guias como Assunto , OdontologiaRESUMO
We report a 72 years old male that received wooden fragments in the face, thrown by a wood grinding machine. At presentation, he had multiple facial and cervical wounds and a foreign body that passed from the left zygomatic region to the right retromaxilar region. A CAT sean showed that the foreign body crossed from the left zygomatic are to the pterigomaxillary fossa, crossing it and exiting from the mandibular notch. The patient was operated, a Lefort I osteotomy was performed and the foreign body removed. He was discharged seven days later with left frontal and right orbital pareses.
Los cuerpos extraños (CE) son frecuentes como secuela de trauma en la región de cabeza y cuello, variando considerablemente en cuanto a composición, localización y tamaño. Hay pocos reportes de CE que penetren en la fosa ptérigomaxilar, siendo más común encontrarlos en relación al área orbitaria. Este reporte describe un caso de CE de madera, transfixiante, involucrado en ambas fosas ptérigomaxilares en un paciente masculino de 72 años, y las técnicas quirúrgicas y complementarias usadas para su remoción.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Corpos Estranhos/cirurgia , Corpos Estranhos/etiologia , Maxila/cirurgia , Maxila/lesões , Acidentes de Trabalho , Madeira , Ferimentos PenetrantesRESUMO
Introducción: Los marcadores bioquímicos son una técnica diagnóstica, para evaluar la remodelación ósea. Actualmente, se han desarrollado marcadores más específicos de formación ósea (osteocalcina) y de reabsorción (N-telopéptidos). Objetivos: Comparar los niveles de osteocalcina y N-telopéptidos en mujeres premenopáusicas y postmenopáusicas, con y sin terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH). Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 76 mujeres sanas quienes no estuvieran recibiendo ningún medicamento que afectara el recambio óseo, distribuidas en tres grupos: A) 32 mujeres con más de un año de menopausia y sin TRH, B) 24 mujeres ostmenopáusicas, con más de tres meses de TRH y C) 20 controles en edad fértil y con ciclos regulares. La osteocalcina en sangre (Novocalcin©) y los N-telopéptidos en orina (Osteomark©) se midieron por el método Elisa. Resultados: Las mujeres postmenopáusicas fueron comparables por edad, paridad, tiempo de menopausia e índice de masa corporal. Hubo diferencias entre las postmenopáusicas con TRH y sin TRH para los N-telopéptidos, 44.9 ñ 24.4 nm ECO/mm y 78.1 ñ 34.4 nm ECO/mm, respectivamente (p<0.001). Igualmente, para la osteocalcina 2 ñ 2.8 ng /mi con TRH y 4.7 ñ 3.2 ng/ml sin TRH (p<0.001). Los niveles de N-telopéptidos en el grupo control fueron de 58.2 ñ21.3 nm ECO/mm, los cuales no difieren del grupo con TRH (p<0.l6), pero sí del grupo sin TRH (p<0.026). Los niveles de osteocalcina en el grupo control fueron de 3.3 ñ 2.9 ng / mi, los cuales no difieren significativamente de los otros dos grupos
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Menopausa , OsteocalcinaRESUMO
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), is the cause of endemic tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Because TSP/HAM is not a fatal disease, the neuropathology of this disease, albeit relatively well understood, is based on the examination of just a few incidental cases. Previously, we demonstrated peculiar lamellated structures, called "multilamellar bodies" (MLB). In this report, we present the ultrastructural neuropathology of a TSP/HAM case from Chile, with further detailed descriptions of MLB. It is tempting to suggest that MLB may represent specific ultrastructural markers of TSP/HAM. The pathology of the anterior and posterior horns was similar and was comprised of axonal degeneration, accompanied by extensive astrocytic gliosis. Lymphocytic infiltration, particularly observed as "cuffs" around blood vessels, was scattered among other cellular elements. Ultrastructurally, myelin sheaths were relatively well preserved, and some demyelinated but not remyelinated fibers were observed. Moreover, axons with abnormal accumulations of neurofilaments, suggestive of axonal degeneration, were detected. Several axons contained Hirano bodies. In many samples, glial processes replaced most of the remaining neuropil. In a few specimens of the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord, MLB were observed. These structures consisted of stacks of 30 to 40 electron-dense lamellae, which were interrupted by narrow electron-lucent spaces. All of the lamellae were immersed within an amorphous substance of intermediate density. Neurons of the dorsal root ganglia were basically normal except for increased lipofuscin accumulation. As in the spinal cord, myelinated axons were well preserved, but a few were demyelinated and surrounded by concentric arrays of Schwann cell membranes. Also, axons of the dorsal roots accumulated increased number of neurofilaments. Mast cells and Schwann cells were increased in number, the latter containing abundant pi granules and myelin fragments.