RESUMO
AIM: To assess the adherence of physicians to the Medical-Care Guidelines for Malignant Breast Tumors in Mexico, before and after the allocation of federal subsidies from the Catastrophic Health Expenditure Fund (FPGC by its Spanish initials) to accredited hospitals, a strategy implemented with the view of offering free treatment to women with breast cancer (BC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on a cross-sectional design, we gathered information on 479 BC patients who had been attended to at in four FPGC-accredited hospitals. Analysis centered on those treated within either three years before or three years after the accreditation of their attending hospitals. The four hospitals analyzed were located in the North, South, West and Center of the country. Information on all medical procedures performed during treatment was drawn from hospital medical records. Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients was obtained by means of face-to-face interviews conducted in their homes. RESULTS: Adherence of physicians to the Guidelines grew by 12.8 percent (from 43.4 to 56.2 percent) after FPGC accreditation (p<0.001) and varied according to the clinical stage of the disease, with much lower levels of adherence observed in the advanced stages (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The FPGC strategy increased the adherence of physicians to the Medical-Care Guidelines for Malignant Breast Tumors in Mexico.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Oncologia/normas , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/economia , Médicos/normas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/economia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Hospitais Públicos/normas , Humanos , Oncologia/economia , Oncologia/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Médicos/economia , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMEN La detección oportuna de cáncer de mama se realiza mediante mamografía; sin embargo, se debe prestar atención a la calidad de la misma para su realización e interpretación. A pesar de recientes mejoras en el control de calidad de la mamografía, la interpretación todavía depende de cada lector; por lo que se pueden cometer errores en la interpretación mamográfica y éstos pueden producir biopsias no necesarias y/o sobre-diagnóstico, reportándose consecuencias físicas, económicas y psicológicas sostenidas; debido a que la interpretación obedece a la habilidad perceptiva y cognitiva del médico radiólogo. Sin embargo, se requiere de un amplio conocimiento de los posibles errores que puede haber en la interpretación de mamografías, y la forma en que pueden minimizarse, prevenirse y/o corregirse con el fin de ofrecer a la paciente la mayor seguridad posible.(AU)
ABSTRACT The timely detection of breast cancer is achieved through mammography; however, the quality of the procedure should be addressed for proper performance and interpretation. Despite recent improvements in quality assurance in mammography, interpretation still depends on each reader; therefore, errors can be made when interpreting screening mammograms, leading to unnecessary biopsies and/or overdiagnosis, with sustained physical, economic and psychological consequences. Since interpretation is related to the perceptive and cognitive ability of the radiologist, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge about the possible errors that may occur during interpretation, as well as of the way how they can be reduced, prevented and/or corrected to provide the patient with the highest possible level of safety.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Mamografia/instrumentação , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Erros de Diagnóstico/tendênciasRESUMO
The timely detection of breast cancer is achieved through mammography; however, the quality of the procedure should be addressed for proper performance and interpretation. Despite recent improvements in quality assurance in mammography, interpretation still depends on each reader; therefore, errors can be made when interpreting screening mammograms, leading to unnecessary biopsies and/or overdiagnosis, with sustained physical, economic and psychological consequences. Since interpretation is related to the perceptive and cognitive ability of the radiologist, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge about the possible errors that may occur during interpretation, as well as of the way how they can be reduced, prevented and/or corrected to provide the patient with the highest possible level of safety.
La detección oportuna de cáncer de mama se realiza mediante mamografía; sin embargo, se debe prestar atención a la calidad de la misma para su realización e interpretación. A pesar de recientes mejoras en el control de calidad de la mamografía, la interpretación todavía depende de cada lector; por lo que se pueden cometer errores en la interpretación mamográfica y éstos pueden producir biopsias no necesarias y/o sobre-diagnóstico, reportándose consecuencias físicas, económicas y psicológicas sostenidas; debido a que la interpretación obedece a la habilidad perceptiva y cognitiva del médico radiólogo. Sin embargo, se requiere de un amplio conocimiento de los posibles errores que puede haber en la interpretación de mamografías, y la forma en que pueden minimizarse, prevenirse y/o corregirse con el fin de ofrecer a la paciente la mayor seguridad posible.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Erros de Diagnóstico , Mamografia , Radiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Objective Presenting an estimate of a Mexican food-support program (FSP) program's cost transfer ratio (CTR) from start-up (2003) to May 2005. Methods The program's activities were listed by constructing a time allocation matrix to ascertain how much time was spent on each of the program's activities by the personnel so involved. Another cost matrix was also constructed which was completed with information from the program's accountancy records. The program's total cost, activity cost and the value of given FSP transfers were thus estimated. Results Food delivery CRT for 2003, 2004 and 2005 was 0.150, 0.218, 0.230, respectively; cash CTR was 0.132in 2004 and 0.105 in 2005. Conclusion Comparing CTR values according to transfer type is a good way to promote discussion related to this topic; however, the decision for making a transfer does not depend exclusively on efficiency but on both mechanisms' effectiveness.
Assuntos
Serviços de Alimentação/economia , Alocação de Custos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Serviços de Alimentação/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Pobreza , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
Objetivo Presentar una estimación de la razón costo/transferencia (RCT) del Programa de Apoyo Alimentario (PAL) de México, desde el año de arranque (2003) hasta mayo de 2005. Métodos Se elaboró una matriz de asignación de tiempos con el listado de las actividades del programa, que permite conocer el tiempo que el personal ha dedicado a cada actividad del programa; se elaboró otra matriz de costos, que se completó con la información proveniente de los registros contables del programa. Así, se estimó el costo total y el costo por actividad del programa, así como el valor de las transferencias entregadas, por actividad del PAL. Resultados La RCT para la entrega en especie durante 2003, 2004 y 2005 fue de 0,150, 0,218 y 0,230; respectivamente. Para la entrega en efectivo fue de 0,132 y 0,105 durante 2004 y 2005. Conclusiones La comparación de la medida de la RCT según el tipo de transferencia sirve para informar las discusiones relacionadas con este tema; la decisión de entregar una u otra transferencia no depende exclusivamente de la eficiencia, sino también de la efectividad de los dos mecanismos.
Objective Presenting an estimate of a Mexican food-support program (FSP) program's cost transfer ratio (CTR) from start-up (2003) to May 2005. Methods The program's activities were listed by constructing a time allocation matrix to ascertain how much time was spent on each of the program's activities by the personnel so involved. Another cost matrix was also constructed which was completed with information from the program's accountancy records. The program's total cost, activity cost and the value of given FSP transfers were thus estimated. Results Food delivery CRT for 2003, 2004 and 2005 was 0.150, 0.218, 0.230, respectively; cash CTR was 0.132in 2004 and 0.105 in 2005. Conclusion Comparing CTR values according to transfer type is a good way to promote discussion related to this topic; however, the decision for making a transfer does not depend exclusively on efficiency but on both mechanisms' effectiveness.