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BACKGROUND: The most common complication after vitrectomy is the rebleeding in vitreous cavity. It is important to detect the different factors that can increase the vitreous rebleeding rate in these patients. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a retrospective review of the rate of vitreous rebleeding after vitrectomy or phacovitrectomy. METHOD: Retrospective, descriptive and comparative study of patients with a diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with phacovitrectomy or vitrectomy procedure. Personal background data, type of surgical intervention and grade of the surgeon who carried out the procedure were obtained. RESULTS: 1227 files of diabetic patients with vitrectomy or phacovitrectomy were reviewed. 65% presented systemic arterial hypertension. The average glomerular filtration rate was 63.50 (±32.36) ml/min/1.73 m2 and glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C) of 8% (4.6 to 15%). In the comparison of variables, a significant difference in the rate of vitreous rebleeding was obtained comparing phacovitrectomy with vitrectomy. (p = 0.003), in the relationship between vitrectomy with vitreous rebleeding, an odds ratio of 1.44 was obtained. CONCLUSION: The results obtained show a lower rate of rebleeding in patients undergoing phacovitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

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Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol present in the essential oil of many aromatic plants and is one of the most frequently used molecules by the flavor and fragrance industries. The literature also reports its therapeutic potential, highlighting itself especially as a likely molecule for the development of drugs against cancer. In view of these considerations, this study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of geraniol, in an in vitro protocol, using two types of human cells: one without the ability to metabolize (peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMC), and the other with this capability (human hepatoma cell line - HepG2) through the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Four concentrations (10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were selected for the genotoxic assessment for PBMC and three (1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg/mL) for HepG2 cells based on cytotoxicity tests (MTT assay). Results showed that geraniol did not present genotoxic or clastogenic/aneugenic effects on both cell types under the conditions studied. However, caution is advised in the use of this substance by humans, since a significant reduction in viability of HepG2 and a marked decrease in cell viability on normal PBMC were verified.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between previous hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the occurrence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) among patients undergoing kidney transplants using tacrolimus (FK). From August 1999 to January 2003, 66 patients (36.4 +/- 15.5 years) underwent kidney transplantation using an immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, or azathioprine and steroids. Thirty-four patients (52%) received kidneys from living donors and 32 (48%) from cadaveric donors. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established after two consecutive ambulatory measurements of fasting glycemia > or = 126 mg/dL. Thirty-five percent of the patients (23/66) were HCV+ and 65% (43/66) HCV-. Of the 66 patients, 33% (22) developed PTDM, 19 (82%) from the HCV+ group and only 3 (7%) from the HCV- group. Among those who developed PDTM, the diagnosis was established in the first 2 posttransplant months in most cases (68.2%). The results showed a significant association between HCV and PTDM (P < or = .0001). In this group of patients HCV infection was strongly associated with the development of PTDM. Therefore, additional care is required regarding the immunosuppressive regimen among patients with chronic HCV infection.

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Iron deficiency and ferropenic anemia are, certainly, the most prevalent and specific nutritional problems in Brazil. The Ribeirão Preto region is no exception to it. A large prevalence of iron deficiency/anemia is found, mainly in the age group 6-24 months. In spite of the fact that several aspects of its physiopathology are known it is a very difficult problem to be solved. Many approaches and alternatives for their prevention have been tried but we are far from controlling the situation. Several studies carried out at the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil have shown this high incidence of iron deficiency and iron anemia among infants and preschool children. The importance of iron supplementation to preterm, premature and normal infants was pointed out. The possibility of use of iron complexes to prevent iron deficiency, besides the usual ferrous sulfate, was shown. Several community studies proved the feasibility of distribution and intake of iron as supplements or fortification of carriers as alternatives to prevent iron deficiency.

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Brazil. Iron deficiency and ferropenic anemia are, certainly, the most prevalent and specific nutritional problems in Brazil. The Ribeirao Preto region is no exception to it. A large prevalence of iron deficiency/anemia is found, mainly in the age group 6-24 months. In spite of the fact that several aspects of its physiopathology are known is a very difficult problem to be solved. Many approaches and alternatives for thheir prevention have been tried but we are far from controlling the situation. Several studies carried out at the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil have shown this high incidence of iron deficiency and iron anemia among infants and preshool children. The importance of iron supplementation to preterm, premature and normal infants was pointed out. The possibility of use of iron complexes to prevent iron deficiency, besides the usual ferrous sulfate, was shown. Several community studies proved the feasibility of distribution and intake of iron as supplements or carriers as alternatives to prevent iron deficiency

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The 1987 National Vital Statistics System and the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1982 through 1984) were used to assess the health status of Mexican-American, mainland Puerto Rican, and Cuban-American children by examining the prevalences of pregnancy outcomes and chronic medical conditions. The low-birth-weight rate among Hispanics (7.0%) compared favorably with that of non-Hispanic whites (7.1%) despite the greater poverty and lower levels of education among Hispanics. When examined by Hispanic subgroup, however, significant differences were present, with mainland Puerto Ricans having the highest prevalences of low-birth-weight infants. Premature births were more common among all three Hispanic subgroups than among non-Hispanic whites. Mexican-American and Cuban-American children had a similar prevalence of (3.9% and 2.5%, respectively) chronic medical conditions compared with non-Hispanic white children; Puerto Rican children had a higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions (6.2%). When assessed by these health status indicators, Hispanic children seem to have a health status similar to non-Hispanic white children. However, mainland Puerto Rican children seem at greater risk for poor health, reflecting the US Hispanic population's heterogeneity. Health programs targeted at US Hispanics should appropriately consider these group differences.

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This study compares maternal and infant health and sociodemographic characteristics of U.S.-born and foreign- or Puerto Rican-born Hispanic mothers and their babies, using data from the national vital statistics system and the 1980 National Natality Survey. While nearly half of all Hispanic mothers and Mexican and Puerto Rican mothers were born in the United States, less than 10 percent of Cuban and other Hispanic mothers were U.S. born. Compared with foreign- or Puerto Rican-born Hispanic mothers, U.S.-born mothers tended to be younger, to have had fewer high-order births, to be less likely to receive delayed or no prenatal care, to have higher educational attainment, and to be more likely to be unmarried. The incidence of low birth weight among infants born to Hispanic mothers, particularly Mexican and Cuban women, was relatively low. When the proportions of low birth weight were examined by nativity status, infants born to foreign- or Puerto Rican-born women were consistently less likely to be of low birth weight. In an effort to account for these findings, the mother's smoking status before and during pregnancy is examined. Compared with non-Hispanic mothers, Hispanic mothers were much less likely to have smoked before or during pregnancy. These data are examined to see if they account for the better outcome as measured by birth weight for Hispanic births, especially those to foreign- or Puerto Rican-born women.

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