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This study delves into the foraging ecology of the cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), assessing bite marks on pelagic fishes collected between March and September 2018. Examination of 200 individuals from five species revealed the shark's predilection for targeting adult fish, ensuring efficient removal of energy-rich tissue layers. However, a notable exception is Thunnus albacares, preyed on predominantly during its juvenile stage, possibly due to vertical spatial segregation. Recent bites were pervasive across species, with wahoo displaying a distinctive pattern. Cookiecutter shark bites predominantly targeted the lateral body portion (>55%) except for yellowfin tuna, which exhibited a preference for the ventral region (95%). The estimated length distribution suggests the SPSPA as a potential nursery area for cookiecutter sharks. Bite mark positions and frequencies may be linked to fish behavior, swimming velocity, and fishing gear strategy, highlighting the complex interplay in pelagic ecosystems.

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INTRODUCTION: Tele-exercise, defined as an intervention that offers physical training provided remotely, represents an alternative for remote care during social isolation and the absence of in-person interventions, considering the difficulties of regular exercise engagement in tetraplegia. The current study aimed to examine whether tele-exercise training in individuals with tetraplegia meets the recommendations proposed by the spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific guidelines, and the adherence. METHODS: Twenty SCI tetraplegia performed tele-exercise training. The weekly training load of the tele-exercise training during the 27 weeks was compared to the estimated training load of SCI-specific guidelines: TW vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Tweedy et al.; MG vigorous guideline: vigorous intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al.; MG moderate guideline: moderate intensity of guideline proposed for Martin Ginis et al. Adherence was obtained weekly during 27 weeks. RESULTS: The tele-exercise training load was 22.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline and 21.6% and 47.7% lower than the MG vigorous and TW vigorous guidelines, respectively. The tele-exercise training loads for men and women were, respectively, 2.3% and 35.0% higher than the MG moderate guideline; 34.0% and 13.2% lower than the MG vigorous guideline; and 56.1% and 42.1% lower than the TW vigorous guideline. Adherence was 45.1%. CONCLUSION: The tele-exercise training in men and women with tetraplegia for 7 months met the moderate intensity of recommendation proposed by one SCI exercise guideline. The adherence was 45.1%, with higher values for men compared to women. This finding shows that tele-exercise training may be an alternative exercise training intervention for tetraplegia and prompts reflexion on the inclusion of tele-exercise training in SCI exercise guidelines.

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CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: Musculoskeletal pain (MSKP) has high prevalence in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) is a method focused on identifying the pain source in the musculoskeletal system and presents good results in pain relief in people without neurological impairment. However, no studies have investigated the use of MDT in SCI population. The objective was to evaluate the applicability and outcomes of MDT treatment in pain relief and independence improvement in daily activities of individuals with SCI presenting MSKP. DESIGN: Single-arm trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four individuals with SCI who presented MSKP. INTERVENTION: MDT-certified physical therapist conducted assessments and treatments of pain according to the MDT approach. OUTCOMES MEASURES: Numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to measure pain and Pain Disability Index (PDI) and Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) to evaluate daily activities. RESULTS: Significant median decreases were found for NRS (from 7 to 2) and PDI (from 27 to 8) after MDT, whereas PSFS score presented a significant mean increase (from 3.2-7.7). The average decrease in pain after MDT treatment was 70.9% (5.36 on the NRS). CONCLUSION: MDT can reduce pain and enhance independence in daily activities in individuals with SCI and MSKP.

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INTRODUCTION: Tele-exercise could represent an alternative for remote care in individuals with spinal cord injury at this time of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019. However, the differences regarding the training loads and implementation between synchronous and asynchronous types are not yet known. The purpose of this study was to compare the implementation and training load between synchronous and asynchronous tele-exercise programs in individuals with spinal cord injury. METHODS: Forty individuals with spinal cord injury were recruited and stratified into tetraplegia and paraplegia groups. All subjects performed 3 weeks of both the synchronous and asynchronous tele-exercise programs, after two weeks of familiarization with the exercises, remote connection tools and methods to record information. The primary outcomes were training load (average daily workload and average and total weekly training load) and implementation (adherence and successful exercise recording). Demographic characteristics were obtained from participants' electronic medical records. RESULTS: Weekly mean workload, total workload, adherence and successful exercise recording presented significantly higher values in the synchronous compared to asynchronous tele-exercises. Average daily workload did not present significant differences between the tele-exercises. DISCUSSION: The training load for each training session presented no differences between synchronous and asynchronous tele-exercises. Both adherence and successful data recording showed more favourable implementation values for synchronous training, thus allowing greater weekly training loads (total and average).

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether the synchronous and asynchronous push-up tele-assessment in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) is feasible and valid and to identify the relationship between the participants' self-reported asynchronous strength tele-assessment and asynchronous push-up tele-assessment. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Thirty-three men and women with SCI were included in this study. The participants were assessed using the one-maximum repetition test (1RM), the maximum repetitions with 60% of 1RM (MRT) of the bench press exercise, and synchronous and asynchronous push-up tele-assessment. The videos and the total repetitions performed were recorded. The primary outcomes were 1RM, MRT, synchronous push-up tele-assessment and asynchronous volume loads, and the participants' self-reported asynchronous strength tele-assessment volume load. RESULTS: The synchronous push-up tele-assessment and asynchronous volume loads presented significant correlations with 1RM (0.73 and 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively) and MRT volume loads (0.87 and 0.66, p < 0.001, respectively). The asynchronous push-up tele-assessment presented significant correlations with the synchronous version (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72-0.93, p < 0.001) and participants' self-reported asynchronous strength tele-assessment volume loads (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.75-0.94, p < 0.001). The difference between the synchronous push-up tele-assessment and asynchronous volume load means was 254.9 kg, and the interval around the differences was 1856.1 kg. The difference between asynchronous push-up tele-assessment and participants' self-reported asynchronous strength tele-assessment means was -239.4 kg, and the interval around these was 1884.1 kg. CONCLUSION: The synchronous push-up tele-assessment is a feasible and valid way to assess the maximum resistance strength of individuals with SCI. Although the asynchronous push-up tele-assessment demonstrated excellent and significant correlations with the synchronous push-up tele-assessment and participants' self-reported asynchronous strength tele-assessment, the test repetitions and the volume loads were underestimated by 15.5% (synchronous push-up tele-assessment vs. asynchronous) and overestimated by 17.3% (asynchronous push-up tele-assessment vs. participants' self-reported asynchronous strength tele-assessment), and the effect sizes ranged from 0.19-0.38. The authors suggest emphasizing the criteria of repetition validity to reduce test error.

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The present study aimed to validate the perceived exertion scale based on the repetitions in reserve (RIR) of Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) athletes. Twenty-one PP athletes were assessed in the one-maximum repetition test (1RM) of the bench press exercise, maximum repetition strength tests with loads corresponding to 90, 85, 80, and 75% of 1RM, and 4-repetitions strength tests (4-repST) with 100, 90, 85, 80, and 75% of the 1RM. The RIR scale was assessed after each set of the 4-repST and compared to the 1RM and maximum strength tests. For criterion validity, the total estimated repetition was significantly lower compared to the maximum strength test repetitions in the lower scores of the RIR scale (median=7.0 vs. 9.0 for 75% of 1RM). The total estimated repetition correlation with maximum strength was very high and significant (ICC=0.91). Using the Bland and Altman method, the difference between means was 0.9 reps, and the interval around differences was 6.4 reps. For construct validity, and the RIR scale presented high correlation with 1RM intensities (rho=0.86, p≤0.05). The RIR scale was validated and coaches and sports trainers can use this monitoring tool to ensure submaximal loads when improving lift technique, which is extremely rigorous in PP.

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OBJECTIVES: To establish predictive equations for peak torque of muscle groups with totally and partially preserved innervation in individuals with motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI), based on hand dynamometry and strength predictor variables. METHODS: The cross-sectional study conducted at a rehabilitation hospital consecutively recruited 108 men and women with SCI. All participants performed maximum peak torque tests for shoulder abduction/adduction (isokinetic), trunk flexion/extension (isometric), and handgrip strength testing (hand dynamometer) to establish predictive peak torque equations. The primary outcomes were peak torque variables. Handgrip strength, age, injury level, time since injury, age at injury, body mass, height, body mass index, and physical activity level were the secondary outcomes used as strength predictor variables. RESULTS: Handgrip strength was a predictor variable for shoulder abduction/adduction peak torque. The best predictive models for shoulder abduction/adduction peak torque exhibited R 2 = 0.57 and R 2 = 0.60, respectively (p ≤ .05). Injury level showed the highest significant predictive capacity for trunk flexion/extension peak torque models (R 2 = 0.38 and R 2 = 0.29; p ≤ .05). CONCLUSION: Shoulder abduction/adduction peak torque predictive equations may be an alternative for use in an accessible strength tool (hand dynamometry) to evaluate training and rehabilitation programs. Trunk flexion/extension peak torque equations exhibited moderate correlations and high standard error of the estimates and should be used with caution.

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OBJECTIVES: To determine optimal handgrip strength (HGS) cutoff points for greater functional independence and wheelchair skills in men with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to establish predictive equations for functional independence and wheelchair ability in men with SCI, based on demographic characteristics, HGS, and functionality. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted at a rehabilitation hospital, 54 men with SCI were recruited and stratified into high and low paraplegia groups. All participants performed a maximum HGS test to determine cutoff points for the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-III) and Adapted Manual Wheelchair Circuit (AMWC). The primary outcomes were the SCIM-III, AMWC, and HGS. Demographic characteristics obtained from participants' electronic medical records were the secondary outcomes, used as predictor variables of functional independence. RESULTS: The SCIM-III scale, performance score, and 3-minute overground wheeling test presented significant regression equations (R = 0.45, R = 0.69, and R = 0.72). The HGS showed a cutoff point of 102.5 kilogram force (kgf) to achieve a score of 70 on the SCIM-III and a 3-minute overground wheeling distance of 270 m. The HGS cutoff point to obtain a performance score of 23.7 seconds was 93.0 kgf. CONCLUSION: The HGS was a significant predictor for the SCIM-III score, AMWC performance score, and 3-minute overground wheeling test. Three significant predictive equations were established based on HGS. The cutoff points could be adopted as parameters for optimal functional independence and wheelchair skills.

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Chronic cocaine use has been shown to lead to neurotoxicity in rodents and humans, being associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, recreational use, which may lead to addictive behavior, is often neglected. This occurs, in part, due to the belief that exposure to low doses of cocaine comes with no brain damage risk. Cocaine addicts have shown glucose metabolism changes related to dopamine brain activity and reduced volume of striatal gray matter. This work aims to evaluate the morphological brain changes underlying metabolic and locomotor behavioral outcome, in response to a single low dose of cocaine in a pre-clinical study. In this context, a Balb-c mouse model has been chosen, and animals were injected with a single dose of cocaine (0.5 mg/kg). Control animals were injected with saline. A behavioral test, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and anatomopathological studies were conducted with this low dose of cocaine, to study functional, metabolic, and morphological brain changes, respectively. Animals exposed to this cocaine dose showed similar open field activity and brain metabolic activity as compared with controls. However, histological analysis showed alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed to cocaine. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that a single low dose of cocaine, which can cause no locomotor behavioral and brain metabolic changes, can induce structural damage. These brain changes must always be considered regardless of the dosage used. It is essential to alert the population even against the consumption of low doses of cocaine.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify the frequency of ocular diseases among recipients of disability benefits in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil. Methods: A review was performed of 217,221 cases of disability benefits granted between 2010 and 2015 by the executive managerial department of the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social [INSS]) in Recife, which encompasses 14 municipalities of the metropolitan region, including the capital. The frequencies of the identified cases of ocular morbidity were then determined according to their group in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), their cause, the age, sex, and income of the recipient, and the type and duration of the benefit. Results: Of all disability benefits granted, 5,324 (2.5%) were due to ocular disease, the majority (91.1%) consisting of sick pay. Most of the beneficiaries (64.6%) were males, were 20 to 59 years of age, and 61.2% earned the minimum wage or less. The principal ocular diseases for which sick pay benefits were granted were cataract (24.5%), conjunctivitis (21.1%), and pterygium (8.8%). Blindness and low vision were the principal ocular diseases in cases of accident indemnity and disability retirement. Conclusions: The results highlight the magnitude of the problem of ocular diseases to the social security system, with serious economic and social losses, and emphasize the need for measures aimed at their prevention. Moreover, integration between the national departments of health and social security needs to be improved.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a frequência das doenças oculares entre os segurados com benefícios por incapacidade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 217.221 benefícios por incapacidade concedidos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) da gerência executiva de Recife, que engloba os 14 municípios da região metropolitana, incluindo a capital, no período de 2010-2015. Os casos de doenças oculares foram avaliados quanto à frequência considerando seu grupo na CID-10. Foi feita ainda uma análise do perfil dos benefícios concedidos por estas doenças com relação à causa, idade, sexo, faixa salarial, espécie e duração do benefício. Resultados Do total dos benefícios concedidos, 5.324 foram decorrentes de doenças oftalmológicas (2,5%) e entre estes, a maioria como auxíliodoença (91,1%). Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (64,6%), faixa etária dos 20 aos 59 anos e valor de até 01 salário mínimo (61,2%). Entre as concessões de auxíliodoença a principal causa foi a catarata (24,5%), seguida pela conjuntivite (21,1%) e pterígio (8,8%). A cegueira e baixa visão foi a principal causa de auxílio-acidente e aposentadoria por invalidez. Conclusões: Os resultados destacam a magnitude do problema das doenças oculares para a Previdência Social, com graves perdas econômicas e sociais, e enfatizam a necessidade de medidas que visem sua prevenção e maior integração entre os serviços de saúde e o INSS (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social).

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PURPOSE: To identify the frequency of ocular diseases among recipients of disability benefits in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil. METHODS: A review was performed of 217,221 cases of disability benefits granted between 2010 and 2015 by the executive managerial department of the Brazilian National Institute of Social Security (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social [INSS]) in Recife, which encompasses 14 municipalities of the metropolitan region, including the capital. The frequencies of the identified cases of ocular morbidity were then determined according to their group in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), their cause, the age, sex, and income of the recipient, and the type and duration of the benefit. RESULTS: Of all disability benefits granted, 5,324 (2.5%) were due to ocular disease, the majority (91.1%) consisting of sick pay. Most of the beneficiaries (64.6%) were males, were 20 to 59 years of age, and 61.2% earned the minimum wage or less. The principal ocular diseases for which sick pay benefits were granted were cataract (24.5%), conjunctivitis (21.1%), and pterygium (8.8%). Blindness and low vision were the principal ocular diseases in cases of accident indemnity and disability retirement. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the magnitude of the problem of ocular diseases to the social security system, with serious economic and social losses, and emphasize the need for measures aimed at their prevention. Moreover, integration between the national departments of health and social security needs to be improved.

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A hipotensão pós-exercício tem sido alvo de diversas investigações. Todavia, não é consenso que exercícios resistidos induzam este fenômeno. O propósito deste trabalho foi, através de revisão da literatura, apresentar os principais achados no que tange à Hipotensão Pós-Exercício Resistido (HPER) e seus possíveis mecanismos. Os resultados dos estudos analisados apresentam controvérsias, possivelmente pelos diferentes delineamentos metodológicos e protocolos de exercício adotados para análise da HPER. Controvérsias na literatura podem também estar relacionadas ao nível da PA em repouso, uma vez que pessoas com valores basais mais elevados apresentam reduções mais importantes após o exercício. Futuras pesquisas são necessárias para melhor elucidar os mecanismos responsáveis pela HPER. Contudo, a HPER parece factível, especialmente em hipertensos, pelo menos nos primeiros 60 a 90 min de recuperação pós-sessão. Essas informações são importantes para a prescrição do exercício.

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) has been the subject of several investigations. However, there is no consensus that resistance exercise promotes this phenomenon. The purpose of this work was to present, through a literature review, the main findings regarding post-resistance exercise hypotension and its possible mechanisms. The results of the studies are conflicting, which may be due to different methodological designs and exercise protocols adopted. Controversies may also be related to the level of blood pressure (BP) at rest, since people with higher baseline levels usually have more important reductions after exercise. Future researches are important to elucidate the physiological mechanisms that induce PEH. Although some studies have failed to report it, this phenomenon seems feasible, especially in hypertensive patients, at least in the first 60 to 90 minutes after a resistance exercise session. This information is important for exercise prescription.

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Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) or Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare and benign histiocytic proliferative disorder first described by Juan Rosai and Ronald Dorfman in 1969, whose etiology remains unknown. Since then, many cases were reported in the literature. The disease primarily involves the lymph nodes, and is characterized by painless, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied by fever, night sweats, malaise and weight loss, reason why many patients are clinically misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma. In some cases, extranodal involvement may be present. Leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hypergamaglobulinemia are often present. The authors report a case of a 52-year-old female patient admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of pneumonia and progressed to multiple organs failure and death. During the hospitalization an attempt to diagnose a lymphoproliferative disease trough an axillary lymph node biopsy was disappointing. The autopsy was crucial for the diagnosis, illustrating a severe and unusual presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease.

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FUNDAMENTO: Apesar de os estudos demonstrarem a ocorrência da hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) em exercícios resistidos, ainda não há consenso sobre um protocolo ideal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes intervalos de recuperação (IR) entre séries de exercício resistido (ER) na pressão arterial (PA) pós-exercício. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis homens jovens sedentários e não hipertensos realizaram, de forma contrabalanceada três protocolos de ER com 1 (P1), 2 (P2) e 3 (P3) minutos de IR entre as séries, e um protocolo controle (CON). Os protocolos de ER consistiram em três séries de oito repetições em seis exercícios. As cargas utilizadas na 1ª, 2ª e 3ª série dos exercícios foram respectivamente 80, 70 e 60 por cento de 1 repetição máxima (1RM). As medidas foram realizadas em repouso (REP), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), 60 (T60), 75 (T75) e 90 (T90) minutos após a sessão. Foi realizada uma análise de variância fatorial (ANOVA) com post hoc LSD. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada alteração significativa na PA sistólica após os protocolos. Foi encontrado um aumento significativo da PA diastólica, após o CON, nos momentos T45 e T90. Ocorreu redução significativa na PA diastólica após P1 e P3, com duração de 30 e 15 minutos respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas respostas da PA sistólica e diastólica entre os protocolos com diferentes IR. CONCLUSÃO: Parece que o IR não influencia a redução da PA sistólica após uma sessão de ER. No entanto, foi encontrada uma queda na PA diastólica (P1 e P3) com duração de até 30 minutos.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have demonstrated the occurrence of postexercise hypotension (PEH) in resistance exercises, there is still no consensus on an ideal protocol. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different rest intervals (RI) between resistance exercise (RE) sets on postexercise blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Sixteen sedentary non-hypertensive young men performed three RE protocols with RI of 1 (P1), 2 (2) and 3 (P3) minutes between the sets, as well as a control protocol (CON), in a counterbalanced manner. The RE protocols consisted of three sets of eight repetitions in six exercises. The loads used in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd exercise sets were 80 percent, 70 percent and 60 percent of one repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. Measurements were taken at rest (RES), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), 60 (T60), 75 (T75), and 90 (T90) minutes after the session. Factorial analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out, followed by post hoc LSD. RESULTS: No significant change was found in systolic BP after the protocols. A significant increase in diastolic BP was verified after CON at timepoints T45 and T90. Significant reduction in diastolic BP occurred after P1 and P3, with duration of 30 and 15 minutes, respectively. No significant differences were found in the systolic and diastolic BP responses between the protocols with different RI. CONCLUSION: RI does not seem to influence systolic BP reduction after an RE session. However, reductions in diastolic BP (P1 and P3) lasting up to 30 minutes were observed.

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BACKGROUND: Although studies have demonstrated the occurrence of postexercise hypotension (PEH) in resistance exercises, there is still no consensus on an ideal protocol. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different rest intervals (RI) between resistance exercise (RE) sets on postexercise blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Sixteen sedentary non-hypertensive young men performed three RE protocols with RI of 1 (P1), 2 (2) and 3 (P3) minutes between the sets, as well as a control protocol (CON), in a counterbalanced manner. The RE protocols consisted of three sets of eight repetitions in six exercises. The loads used in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd exercise sets were 80%, 70% and 60% of one repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. Measurements were taken at rest (RES), 15 (T15), 30 (T30), 45 (T45), 60 (T60), 75 (T75), and 90 (T90) minutes after the session. Factorial analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out, followed by post hoc LSD. RESULTS: No significant change was found in systolic BP after the protocols. A significant increase in diastolic BP was verified after CON at timepoints T45 and T90. Significant reduction in diastolic BP occurred after P1 and P3, with duration of 30 and 15 minutes, respectively. No significant differences were found in the systolic and diastolic BP responses between the protocols with different RI. CONCLUSION: RI does not seem to influence systolic BP reduction after an RE session. However, reductions in diastolic BP (P1 and P3) lasting up to 30 minutes were observed.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of different between-set rest interval durations on muscle strength after 12 weeks of resistance training. After baseline tests, 34 nonresistance trained college-aged men were matched and randomly assigned to 2 groups. Both groups trained twice a week and performed the same exercises and the same work output with 2 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions until volitional fatigue. One group (n = 18, 21.4 +/- 3.2 yr; 73.8 +/- 14.0 kg; 175.9 +/- 7.8 cm) used short-rest intervals (SR) with a work rest ratio of approximately 1:3; the other (n = 16, 22.4 +/- 2.6 yr; 73.1 +/- 13.6 kg; 171.9 +/- 8.2 cm) used long-rest intervals (LR) with a work rest ratio of approximately 1:6. Leg press and bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were measured at baseline and after the end of the training period. The increases in 1RM for bench press were 14.4 +/- 8.1% for the SR group and 10.5 +/- 6.4% for the LR group (p < 0.05). For the leg press, the increases were 17.5 +/- 9.2% with SR training and 17.8 +/- 12.3% for the LR group (p < 0.05). The results did not reveal significant differences between SR and LR for the bench press or leg press 1RM (p > 0.05). Our data suggest that gains in maximum strength in nontrained men are not dependent on the length of the rest interval between sets. Therefore, personal trainers and strength coaches can advise beginning lifters to use short rest intervals to make best use of their time in the weight room.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as respostas agudas de três diferentes intervalos de recuperação entre séries, durante uma sessão tradicional de exercícios resistidos para membros inferiores em mulheres jovens. Participaram deste estudo doze mulheres aparentemente saudáveis e treinadas em exercícios resistidos (26,83 ± 3,93 anos). Em três momentos distintos, os sujeitos realizaram em ordem contra balanceada, o protocolo de exercícios resistidos para membros inferiores com 30 (P30), 60 (P60) ou 120 (P120) segundos de intervalo de recuperação entre séries. A sessão de exercícios resistidos consistia de quatro exercícios para os membros inferiores (cadeira extensora, agachamento, mesa flexora e leg press), com 3 séries de 10 repetições e carga de 10 repetições máximas (RM). Coletas sangüíneas foram realizadas para determinar as concentrações do hormônio do crescimento (GH) antes do exercício (T0), imediatamente após cada sessão de exercício (T1), e 5 (T5), 15 (T15) e 30 (T30) minutos de recuperação. A avaliação estatística dos dados foi por meio da análise de variância de medidas repetidas 3 X 5 [intervalo de recuperação (30s, 60s, 120s) X tempo (T0, T1, T5, T15, T30)], com o teste post-hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD). O nível de significância estatístico utilizado foi p < 0,05 em todas as comparações. Não houve diferenças entre os protocolos (P30, P60 e P120) nas concentrações sanguíneas do GH em repouso. Porém, em relação a T0, todos os protocolos obtiveram aumentos significativos (p < 0,05) nas concentrações do GH após a sessão de exercícios. As concentrações do GH entre os protocolos foram significativamente maiores para o P30 (24,34 ng/ml) e P60 (23,07 ng/ml) quando comparadas ao P120 (17,13 ng/ml) em T1. A concentração do GH no P30 foi significativamente maior em T5, T15 e T30, quando comparada ao P60 e ao P120. A magnitude das respostas hormonais (GH) agudas em mulheres treinadas parece ser maior com 30s de intervalo entre...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute hormonal responses of three different rest periods between sets of a traditional lower body resistance training session in young women. METHODS: Twelve apparently healthy, trained females (26.83± 3.93 yrs) participated in the study protocol. On three separate sessions of a lower body resistance exercise protocol, subjects were randomly assigned a rest interval of either 30 (P30), 60 (P60) or 120 (P120) seconds between sets. The resistance exercise session consisted of four lower body exercises (bilateral knee extension, bilateral knee flexion, leg press, and squat) with 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 10-repetition maximum (RM) load. Blood samples were drawn for determination of serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations before exercise (T0), immediately after each training session (T1), and 5 (T5), 15 (T15), and 30 (T30) minutes of recovery. Statistical evaluation of the data was measured using a 3 x 5 repeated measurements analysis of variance [rest interval (30, 60, and 120 s) x time (T0, T1, T5, T15, T30)] with a least-significant difference (LSD) post-hoc procedure for all hormonal measurements. The probability level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 in all comparisons. RESULTS: There were no differences among protocols (P30, P60 and P120) in the serum GH concentrations at baseline (T0). However, as compared to T0, all protocols led to acute increases (p < 0.05) in serum GH concentrations after each training session. The GH concentrations between protocols were significantly higher for P30 (24.34 ng/ml) and P60 (23.07 ng/ml) as compared to P120 (17.13 ng/ml) at T1. The P30 GH concentrations were significantly higher at T5, T15, and T30 as compared to P60 and P120. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of acute hormonal (GH) responses in previously strength-trained women seems to be greater with a 30-second rest interval between sets compared to longer rest periods (60s or 120s).

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This study investigated the effect of a 10-week power training (PT) program versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on functional performance, and muscular power and strength in older men. Twenty inactive volunteers (60-76 years old) were randomly assigned to a PT group (three 8-10 repetition sets performed as fast a possible at 60% of 1-RM) or a TRT group (three 8-10 repetition sets with 2-3 s contractions at 60% of 1-RM). Both groups exercised 2 days/week with the same work output. Outcomes were measured with the Rikli and Jones functional fitness test and a bench and leg press test of maximal power and strength (1-RM). Significant differences between and within groups were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). At 10 weeks there was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater improvement in measures of functional performance in the PT group. Arm curling improved by 50 versus 3% and a 30 s chair-stand improved by 43 versus 6% in the PT and TRT groups, respectively. There was also a significantly greater improvement in muscular power (P < 0.05) in the PT group. The bench press improved by 37 versus 13%, and the leg press by 31 and 8% in the PT and TRT groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in improved muscular strength. It appears that in older men there may be a significantly greater improvement in functional performance and muscular power with PT versus low velocity resistance training.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate both the efficacy and reliability of the cytologic method in the diagnosis of conjunctival lesions and compare it with the histologic examination. METHODS: A prospective study on 31 conjunctival lesions was performed. Samples were obtained with a Kimura spatula. The lesions were, then, surgically removed and sent for histologic examination. The Papanicolaou technique was used for the cytologic examination. RESULTS: The cytologic method showed high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (92.9%). The positive predictive value was 100% and the negative was 94.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The simple cytologic method is effective and reliable for the diagnosis of tumoral lesions of the conjunctiva.

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OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e a confiabilidade do método citológico nas lesões da conjuntiva, comparando-o com o exame histopatológico. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo prospectivo em 31 lesões conjuntivais. O material para estudo foi coletado raspando-se as lesões com a ajuda da espátula de Kimura. Posteriormente, procedeu-se à exérese das mesmas que foram encaminhadas para o exame histopatológico. As lâminas do exame citológico foram coradas pela técnica de Papanicolaou. RESULTADOS: O método citológico mostrou alta especificidade (100 por cento) e sensibilidade (92,9 por cento). O valor preditivo positivo foi de 100 por cento e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 94,4 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: O simples método citológico é efetivo e seguro no diagnóstico de lesões tumorais da conjuntiva.

Assuntos