RESUMO
El deficiente hábito de lectura de los estudiantes que llegan a la educación superior no solo afecta su cultura general sino repercute significativamente en sus aptitudes investigativas,; demostrando desinterés por las investigaciones, en ocasiones carentes de innovaciones carentes de pensamiento crítico, e incluso reflexivo, lo que limita su papel proactivo., por ellos aplicamos como método una revisión del estado del arte en la temática. De este modo, el presente artículo tuvo como objetivo reflexionar acerca de la implementación de estrategias conscientes para incentivar la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes que ingresan a la educación superior. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos como el análisis y la síntesis, el inductivo-deductivo, la revisión bibliográfica y la observación. Se abordaron temáticas relacionadas con la comprensión lectora, las aptitudes investigativas, y se estableció su relación con la docencia, mediante técnicas didácticas que incentivaran al estudiante a la lectura reflexiva y a la investigación acerca de temáticas de gran pertinencia social. Este estudio sustenta que el ámbito académico de la educación superior presenta un papel protagónico para inducir los hábitos y las aptitudes lectoras en los estudiantes. A través de situaciones polémicas, se incentiva la investigación como manera de desarrollar las capacidades necesarias para, una vez graduados, los estudiantes estén dotados de los conocimientos y las herramientas necesarias para transformar la sociedad., haciendo altamente pertinente su perfil profesional para el cual fue preparado(AU)
Poor reading habits of students who reach higher education not only affects their general culture but also has a significant impact on their research skills; for example, they show lack of interest in research, sometimes with little innovation or critical thinking capacities, and even at the reflective level, which limits their proactive role. Thus, the present article aimed to reflect on the implementation of conscious strategies to encourage reading comprehension in students entering higher education. Topics related to reading comprehension and research skills were addressed, while their relationship with teaching was established, through didactic techniques that would encourage students to use reflective reading and research on topics of great social relevance. This study sustains that the academic field of higher education plays a leading role in inducing reading habits and skills in students. Through controversial situations, research is encouraged as a way to develop the necessary skills so that, once they graduate, students are endowed with the knowledge and tools necessary to transform society, making their professional profile highly relevant, for which they were prepared(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisa/educação , Compreensão , Promoção da Pesquisa , EstudantesRESUMO
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 prevalence is increasing worldwide; thus efforts to develop novel therapeutic strategies are required. Amaranthus caudatus (AC) is a pseudo-cereal with reported anti-diabetic effects that is usually consumed in food preparations in Bolivia. This study evaluated the anti-diabetic nutraceutical property of an AC hydroethanolic extract that contains mainly sugars and traces of polyphenols and amino acids (as shown by nalysis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and healthy Wistar (W) rats. A single oral administration of AC extract (2000 mg/kg body weight) improved glucose tolerance during Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT) in both GK rats and in W rats. Long-term treatment (21 days) with AC (1000 mg/kg b.w.) improved the glucose tolerance evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose levels during the OGTT, in both GK and W rats. The HbA1c levels were reduced in both GK (19.83%) and W rats (10.7%). This effect was secondary to an increase in serum insulin levels in both GK and W rats and confirmed in pancreatic islets, isolated from treated animals, where the chronic AC exposure increased the insulin production 4.1-fold in GK and 3.7-fold in W rat islets. Furthermore, the effect of AC on in vitro glucose-dependent insulin secretion (16.7 mM glucose) was concentration-dependent up to 50 mg/mL, with 8.5-fold increase in GK and 5.7-fold in W rat islets, and the insulin secretion in perifused GK and W rat islets increased 31 and nine times, respectively. The mechanism of action of AC on insulin secretion was shown to involve calcium, PKA and PKC activation, and G-protein coupled-exocytosis since the AC effect was reduced 38% by nifedipine (L-type channel inhibitor), 77% by H89 (PKA inhibitor), 79% by Calphostine-C (PKC inhibitor) and 20% by pertussis toxin (G-protein suppressor).