RESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the essential oils (EOs) of Aloysia triphylla, Lippia gracilis and Piper aduncum in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and evaluate the possible histopathological alterations in their gills. For the acute toxicity tests, juvenile tambaqui (n=24/treatment) were distributed in six treatments with three replicates, which comprised the control and five EO concentrations of A. triphylla (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg L-1), L. gracilis (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mg L-1) and P. aduncum (42.5, 45, 47.5, 50 and 52.5 mg L-1), with an exposure period of 4 h. The mortality rate and severity of damage to the tambaqui gills were proportional to the increase in the concentration of the EO, with LC50-4 h values estimated at 109.57 mg L -1 for A. triphylla, 41.63 mg L -1 for L. gracilis and 48.17 mg L -1 for P. aduncum. The main morphological damages observed in the gills of the tambaqui exposed to the three EOs, were Grade I: hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, epithelial detachment, capillary dilation and constriction, proliferation of chloride cells and mucosal cells and edema; in low frequency Grade II damage as epithelial rupture and lamellar aneurysm. Necrosis (Grade III damage) was observed only in gill lamellae exposed to P. aduncum EO (47.5, 50.0 and 52.5 mg L-1). Concentrations of EOs below LC50-4 h can be used sparingly, for short periods of exposure for the treatment of diseases in tambaqui breeding.
Assuntos
Caraciformes , Lippia , Óleos Voláteis , Verbenaceae , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/toxicidade , Melhoramento VegetalRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the essential oils (EOs) of Aloysia triphylla, Lippia gracilis and Piper aduncum in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), and evaluate the possible histopathological alterations in their gills. For the acute toxicity tests, juvenile tambaqui (n=24/treatment) were distributed in six treatments with three replicates, which comprised the control and five EO concentrations of A. triphylla (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg L-1), L. gracilis (35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mg L-1) and P. aduncum (42.5, 45, 47.5, 50 and 52.5 mg L-1), with an exposure period of 4 h. The mortality rate and severity of damage to the tambaqui gills were proportional to the increase in the concentration of the EO, with LC50-4 h values estimated at 109.57 mg L -1 for A. triphylla, 41.63 mg L -1 for L. gracilis and 48.17 mg L -1 for P. aduncum. The main morphological damages observed in the gills of the tambaqui exposed to the three EOs, were Grade I: hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, epithelial detachment, capillary dilation and constriction, proliferation of chloride cells and mucosal cells and edema; in low frequency Grade II damage as epithelial rupture and lamellar aneurysm. Necrosis (Grade III damage) was observed only in gill lamellae exposed to P. aduncum EO (47.5, 50.0 and 52.5 mg L-1). Concentrations of EOs below LC50-4 h can be used sparingly, for short periods of exposure for the treatment of diseases in tambaqui breeding.
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a toxicidade aguda dos óleos essenciais (OEs) de Aloysia triphylla, Lippia gracilis e Piper aduncum em juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), e avaliar as possíveis alterações histopatológicas em suas brânquias. Para os testes de toxicidade aguda, juvenis de tambaqui (n=24/tratamento) foram distribuídos em 6 tratamentos, com três repetições, sendo o controle e cinco concentração do OE de A. triphylla (60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 mg L-1), L. gracilis (35, 40, 45, 50 e 55 mg L-1) e P. aduncum (42,5, 45, 47,5, 50 e 52,5 mg L-1), com exposição de 4 h. A taxa de mortalidade e a severidade dos danos nas brânquias de tambaqui foram proporcionais ao aumento da concentração do OE, com os valores de CL50-4 h estimados em 109,57 mg L-1 para A. triphylla, em 41,63 mg L-1 para L. gracilis e em 48,17 mg L-1 para P. aduncum. Os principais danos morfológicos observados nas brânquias de tambaqui, expostos aos três OEs, foram os de grau I: hipertrofia e hiperplasia das células do epitélio lamelar, fusão lamelar, descolamento epitelial, dilatação e constrição capilar, proliferação de células de cloreto e de células mucosas e edema; em baixa frequência os de grau II como ruptura epitelial e aneurisma lamelar. Necrose (dano de grau III) foi observado somente nas lamelas branquiais expostas ao OE de P. aduncum (47,5, 50,0 e 52,5 mg L-1). Concentrações do OEs abaixo dos valores de CL50-4 h podem ser utilizados com parcimônia, em curtos períodos de exposição para o tratamento de doenças na criação de tambaqui.
Assuntos
Animais , Óleos Voláteis/toxicidade , Piper/toxicidade , Lippia/toxicidade , Pesqueiros , PeixesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES.: Motivation for the study. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality rate from this disease was higher in adults and the elderly. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that were associated with mortality from COVID-19 in adults, by age group. Main findings. Chronic neurological disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer increased the risk of dying from COVID-19 in the three age groups we analyzed, which were made up of hospitalized patients from Lima and Callao. The risk of mortality associated with comorbidities was higher in patients aged 18 to 29. Implications. This study helps to identify the groups of patients with the highest risk of death from COVID-19, according to age group and type of comorbidity. . To evaluate comorbidities associated with mortality in adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in hospitals in Lima and Callao. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Peruvian Ministry of Health from March to October 2020. We estimated relative risks with 95% confidence intervals using Poisson regression models with robust variance to assess comorbidities associated with mortality by age group: young adults (18-29 years), adults (30-59 years) and older adults (≥60 years). RESULTS.: We included 2366 young adults, 23,781 adults and 25,356 older adults. Older adults had the highest mortality (63.7%) compared to adults (27.1%) and young adults (8.5%). Regardless of age group, the presence of neurological disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Additionally, cardiovascular disease was also a risk factor in young adults; obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency in adults; and obesity and chronic lung disease in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS.: Regardless of age groups, individuals with chronic neurologic disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer were at high risk of death from COVID-19.
OBJETIVOS.: Motivation for the study. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality rate from this disease was higher in adults and the elderly. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that were associated with mortality from COVID-19 in adults, by age group. Main findings. Chronic neurological disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer increased the risk of dying from COVID-19 in the three age groups we analyzed, which were made up of hospitalized patients from Lima and Callao. The risk of mortality associated with comorbidities was higher in patients aged 18 to 29. Implications. This study helps to identify the groups of patients with the highest risk of death from COVID-19, according to age group and type of comorbidity. . Evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad en pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19 de diferentes grupos de edad en hospitales de Lima y Callao. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: En este estudio de cohorte retrospectiva analizamos datos de pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19, notificados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud de Perú de marzo a octubre del 2020. Se estimaron riesgos relativos con intervalos de confianza al 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad por grupos de edad: jóvenes (18-29 años), adultos (30-59 años) y mayores (≥60 años). RESULTADOS.: Se incluyeron 2366 jóvenes, 23781 adultos y 25356 adultos mayores en el análisis. Los adultos mayores presentaron la mortalidad más alta (63,7%) en comparación con adultos (27,1%) y jóvenes (8,5%). Independientemente del grupo de edad, la presencia de enfermedad neurológica, enfermedad renal, enfermedad hepática y cáncer se asoció a un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Adicionalmente, la enfermedad cardiovascular fue también un factor de riesgo en los jóvenes; la obesidad, la diabetes, la enfermedad cardiovascular, la enfermedad pulmonar crónica y la inmunodeficiencia en los adultos; y la obesidad y la enfermedad pulmonar crónica en los mayores. CONCLUSIONES: Independientemente de los grupos de edad, los individuos con enfermedad neurológica crónica, enfermedad renal, enfermedad hepática y cáncer tendrían un alto riesgo de morir por la COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hepatopatias , Neoplasias , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Criança , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Comorbidade , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Abstract We report on the synthesis of C60 and C70 monoadducts at room temperature through the Bingel reaction; employing acetylacetone as ligand; in presence of DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene), carbon tetrabromide (CBr4), and o-dichlorobenzene. Diacetylmethane-[C60-Ih]-fullerene-[5,6] and diacetylmethane-[C70-D5h]-fullerene-[5,6] monoadducts were obtained with yields of 69% and 44%, respectively. The products were purified by column chromatography (CC, on silica gel, using hexane, carbon disulfide, and chloroform as eluents at room temperature) and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ('H and 13C), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopies, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass spectrometry, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Osteryoung Square Wave Voltammetry (OSWV). Both compounds showed irreversible reduction peaks controlled by diffusion, with LUMO energy levels of -3.09 eV, -3.13 eV for C60, and C70 monoadducts, respectively. These values are comparable with the -3.99 eV of PC61BM. The synthetized adducts were incorporated into inverted-type perovskite solar cells and were used as electron transporting materials (ETM) obtaining power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 8.5% and 14.0% for the C60 and C70 monoadducts, respectively. When C60 is replaced by a lower symmetrical fullerene such as C70 an improved light absorption in the visible region is observed.
Resumen Reportamos la síntesis de monoadductos de C60 y C70 a temperatura ambiente a través de la reacción de Bingel, empleando acetilacetona como ligando, en presencia de DBU (1,8-diazabiciclo [5.4.0] undec-7-eno), tetrabromuro de carbono (CBr4) y o-diclorobenceno. Se obtuvieron monoadductos de diacetilmetano-[C -I.]-fullereno-[5,6] y diacetilmetano-[C70-D5h]-fullereno-[5,6] con rendimientos del 69% y 44%, respectivamente. Los productos se purificaron por cromatografía en columna (CC, usando silica gel, hexano, disulfuro de carbono y cloroformo como fase móvil, a temperatura ambiente) y se caracterizaron por resonancia magnética nuclear (1H y 13C), infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), espectroscopia UV-Visible, espectrometría de masas, desorción/ionización láser asistida por matriz - tiempo de vuelo (MALDI-TOF), voltametría cíclica (CV) y voltametría de onda cuadrada de Osteryoung (OSWV). Ambos compuestos mostraron picos de reducción irreversibles controlados por difusión, con niveles de energía LUMO de -3,09 eV y -3,13 eV para los monoadductos C60 y C70, respectivamente. Estos valores son comparables con el -3,99 eV de PC61BM. Los aductos sintetizados se incorporaron a las células solares de perovskita de tipo inversa y se usaron como materiales de transporte de electrones (ETM) obteniendo eficiencias de conversión de energía (PCE) de 8,5% y 14,0% para los monoaductos C60 y C70, respectivamente. Cuando el C60 se reemplaza por un fullereno menos simétrico como el C70, se observa una absorción de luz mejorada en la región visible.
Resumo Reportamos a sínteses de monoadutos de C60 e C70 a temperatura ambiente através da reação de Bingel, utilizando acetilacetona como ligando, na presença de DBU (1,8-diazabiciclo [5.4.0] undec-7-eno), tetrabromuro de carbono (CBr4) e o-diclorobenzeno. Foram obtidos monoadutos de diacetilmetano-[C60-IJ-fulereno-[5,6] e diacetilmetano-[C70-D5J-fulereno-[5,6] com rendimentos de 69% e 44%, respectivamente. Os produtos se purificaram por cromatografia em coluna (CC, usando sílica gel, hexano, dissulfeto de carbono e clorofórmio como fase móvel à temperatura ambiente ) e se caracterizaram por ressonância magnética nuclear OH e 13C), infra-vermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), espectroscopia UV-Visível, espectrometria de massas, ionização e dessorção a laser assistida por matriz-tempo de voo (MALDI-TOF), voltametria cíclica (CV) e voltametria de onda quadrada de Osteryoung (OSWV). Ambos compostos mostraram picos de redução irreversíveis controlados por difusão, com níveis de energia LUMO de -3,09 eV, -3,13 eV para os monoadutos C60 e C70, respectivamente. Estos valores são comparáveis com -3,99 eV de PC61BM. Os adutos sintetizados se incorporaram nas células solares de perovskita de tipo inversa e se usaram como materiais de transporte de eletrões (ETM) obtendo eficiências de conversão de energia (PCE) de 8,5% e 14,0% para os monoadutos C60 e C70, respectivamente. Quando o C60 se substitui por um fulereno menos simétrico como o C70, se observa uma absorção de luz melhorado na região visível.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Connections are common communications between 2similar anatomical elements. Some of the most common are in the forearm between the median and ulnar nerves and are clinically important because they produce variations in motor and sensory innervation and can cause confusion when diagnosing peripheral nerve pathology. METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study. A total of 127 patients older than 18 years were studied, electromyography was performed on the upper limbs and the frequency of presentation of the connections was obtained. RESULT: The Riche-Cannieu connection was present in 16.5% of the total patients studied, of which 42.9% presented in the left arm and 89.3% in isolation. The Marinacci connection was the second in frequency with 15.7%, of which 40% was presented in the left arm and 45.8% coexisted with another connection. The Berrettini connection was the third in frequency with 9.4%, 50% presented in the left arm and 53.3% of the sample was found in isolation. Martin-Grüber's connection was the least frequent at 7.1% of our cases, of which 44.5% presented bilaterally and 90% associated with another connection. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that of the 4types of connection studied the most frequent in our environment was the Riche-Cannieu with predominance of the left arm and in isolation.
Assuntos
Eletromiografia , Nervo Mediano/fisiologia , Nervo Ulnar/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nervo Mediano/anatomia & histologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Nervo Ulnar/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Interleukin-(IL-) 12 has been recently suggested to participate during development of insulin resistance in obese mice. Nevertheless, serum IL-12 levels have not been accurately determined in overweight and obese humans. We thus studied serum concentrations of IL-12 in Mexican adult individuals, examining their relationship with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters. A total of 147 healthy individuals, 43 normal weight, 61 overweight, and 43 obese subjects participated in the study. Circulating levels of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), leptin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured after overnight fasting in all of the study subjects. Waist circumference and body fat percentage were recorded for all the participants. Serum IL-12 was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in normal weight controls. Besides being strongly related with body mass index (r = 0.5154), serum IL-12 exhibited a significant relationship with abdominal obesity (r = 0.4481), body fat percentage (r = 0.5625), serum glucose (r = 0.3158), triglyceride (r = 0.3714), and TNF- α (r = 0.4717). Thus, serum levels of IL-12 are increased in overweight and obese individuals and show a strong relationship with markers of low-grade inflammation and obesity in the Mexican adult population. Further research is needed to understand the role of IL-12 in developing obesity-associated alterations in humans.
Assuntos
Inflamação/sangue , Interleucina-12/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Leptina/sangue , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Presentar un caso de sintomatología del tracto urinario inferior provocada por obstrucción al fluido urinario por un quiste lateral de próstata y los resultados de la enucleación del mismo con láser Holmium. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven con sintomatología miccional de 1 año de evolución. Diagnosticado mediante ecografía de quiste prostático. Ante el diagnóstico de quiste obstructivo, se plantea enucleación con láser holmium obteniendo resultadospost operatorios inmediatos y excelentes. Los quistes prostáticos simples son el tipo más frecuente, siendo asintomáticos en la mayoría de los casos y descubiertos incidentalmente. Dichos quistes adquieren importancia clínica si provocan sintomatología del tracto urinario inferior, infertilidad o son el asiento de neoplasia prostática. El tratamiento habitual es la resección transuretral. En este paciente planteamos enucleación del quiste con láser holmium. Esta técnica permite et alta hospitalaria sin sonda en menos de 24 horas, se evita el riesgo de síndrome de reabsorción, provoca un mínimo sangrado y rápida remisión de la sintomatología...
The purpose of this paper is to present a case of lower urinary tract symptomatology caused by flow obstruction due to a lateral cyst of the prostate and the results obtained by enucleating using the Holmium laser. We present the case of a young patient with one year of lower urinary-tract symptoms. The diagnosis of a prostatic cyst was confirmed by ultrasound examination. Having the finding of an obstructive prostatic cyst it was treated by means of Holmium laser enucleation with excellent postoperative results. Simple prostatic cysts are the most frequent type and are generally asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during routine examination. These cysts become clinically relevant when they cause lower urinary tract symptoms, infertility or are associated with cancer. Usual treatment is endoscopic resection. ln this case we preformed an Holmium laser enuclation of the c yst, thus permitting the discharge of the patient without catheter in less than 24h. And minimizes reabsortion syndrome and bleeding, with a very fast resolution of the clinical symptomatology...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Prostáticas/cirurgia , Hólmio , Cistos/cirurgia , Terapia a Laser , Doenças Prostáticas/diagnóstico , Cistos/diagnóstico , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Ductos Biliares/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/complicações , Duodeno/parasitologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/parasitologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Ductos Biliares/anormalidades , Cryptosporidium/classificação , Cryptosporidium/imunologia , Duodeno/anormalidades , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Isospora belli is a protozoan that only affects humans, after ingestion of Isospora's oocysts. Immunocompetent patients usually do not develop the infection. Immunocompromised hosts may have profuse diarrhea with other gastrointestinal symptoms. Treatment is based on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In 2006 we performed an isolated intestinal transplantation in a patient with ultra-short bowel syndrome. Neither rejection nor clinical problems occurred after transplant, but signs of intestinal inflammation were seen in every protocol biopsy starting at the first month post transplant. Almost 3 months after the procedure, the patient was re-admitted with diarrhea. I. belli infection was diagnosed by detection of the oocysts in stool samples. Antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was initiated with excellent outcome and without relapses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of isosporosis in a small bowel recipient.
Assuntos
Intestino Delgado/transplante , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Adulto , Animais , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , Isospora/classificação , Isosporíase/diagnóstico , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
An industrial raw Kraft lignin was investigated to ascertain its potential use for removal of trace Ni(II) ion from wastewater by using dilute solutions (0.34-1.7 mM) as models. The effect of demineralisation on its metal sorption ability was examined by employing acid pre-treated samples. Under fixed pre-established equilibrium conditions, the raw lignin exhibited a lower effectiveness than the demineralised one, with the latter attaining an almost complete removal of Ni(II) ions. For both lignins, sorption kinetics was properly described by a pseudo-second order rate model. Equilibrium isotherms were also determined and adequately represented by conventional two-parameter models. The higher nickel sorption capacity for the demineralised lignin compared to the raw sample was consistent with enhancements in the negative magnitude of zeta potential, sodium sorption capacity, and content of phenolic hydroxyl groups occasioned by the acid pre-treatment. Accordingly, demineralisation appears as a readily convenient strategy to improve the behaviour of industrial Kraft lignin for potential use as a biosorbent of trace nickel from polluted water.
Assuntos
Lignina/química , Minerais/química , Modelos Químicos , Níquel/química , Níquel/isolamento & purificação , Ultrafiltração/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água/métodos , Absorção , Simulação por Computador , Estudos de Viabilidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
CC chemokine ligand (CCL)1/I-309 is a potent attractant for T-helper cell type 2 lymphocytes. The present study investigates whether this cytokine is released in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of asthmatic patients. Measurements of CCL1 using ELISA showed that levels of this cytokine were significantly elevated in BALF from asthmatics compared with normals (median (range) 193 (120-449) pg.mL(-1) versus 30 (21-55) pg.mL(-1)). Differential cell counts in BALF showed that either lymphocyte or eosinophil numbers were elevated in asthmatic compared with normal subjects (10.8 x 10(3).mL(-1) versus 1.0 x 10(3).mL(-1) and 1.7 x 10(3).mL(-1) versus 0.2 x 10(3).mL(-1), respectively). There was a trend towards a significant correlation between CCL1 levels and lymphocyte numbers in BALF. Separation of BALF using sequential CCL1 affinity column and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography allowed detection of biologically active CCL1. Using immunohistochemistry, CCL1 immunoreactivity was localised predominantly to the airway epithelium. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between CC chemokine ligand 1 levels and epithelial cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and between these cells and lymphocyte numbers. Moreover, interleukin-4, interleukin-13 and interferon-gamma stimulated primary bronchial airway epithelial cells to release CC chemokine ligand 1. These findings suggest that CC chemokine ligand 1 may play a role in lymphocyte recruitment in bronchial asthma.
Assuntos
Asma/patologia , Quimiocinas CC/metabolismo , Quimiocinas CC/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL1 , Citocinas/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Cyclospora spp. is a protozoan parasite responsible for significant gastrointestinal disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We report the clinical features of two patients with chronic diarrhea and intestinal cyclosporosis caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis. The average value for CD4 count in these patients was lower than or equal to 100 cells/mm3. The oocysts were detected in smears from stool samples stained with modified acid-fast or safranin technique. Light microscopy revealed parasites in the enterocytes and these parasites were associated with villous atrophy. Cyclospora cayetanensis infection might be an important cause of diarrhea in patients with AIDS in Argentina. (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Cyclospora/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/parasitologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/parasitologia , Ciclosporíase/complicações , Ciclosporíase/diagnóstico , Fezes/parasitologia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Doença CrônicaRESUMO
Cyclospora spp. is a protozoan parasite responsible for significant gastrointestinal disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We report the clinical features of two patients with chronic diarrhea and intestinal cyclosporosis caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis. The average value for CD4 count in these patients was lower than or equal to 100 cells/mm3. The oocysts were detected in smears from stool samples stained with modified acid-fast or safranin technique. Light microscopy revealed parasites in the enterocytes and these parasites were associated with villous atrophy. Cyclospora cayetanensis infection might be an important cause of diarrhea in patients with AIDS in Argentina.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/parasitologia , Cyclospora/isolamento & purificação , Ciclosporíase/complicações , Diarreia/parasitologia , Doença Crônica , Ciclosporíase/diagnóstico , Fezes/parasitologiaRESUMO
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the notch3 epidermal growth factor-like repeats. A Colombian kindred carries a novel C455R mutation located in the predicted ligand-binding domain. Stroke occurred in the patients at an unusually early age (median age: 31 years) in comparison to the more frequent onset in the fourth decade of life in other CADASIL populations, including a second Colombian kindred with an R1031C mutation.
Assuntos
Demência por Múltiplos Infartos/genética , Mutação , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Arginina/metabolismo , Colômbia , Cisteína/metabolismo , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Isospora belli, a coccidian parasite in humans, has been described as causing chronic diarrhea and acalculous cholecystitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis can be made at the tissue level in the epithelium of the small bowel and by fecal examination. Disseminated extraintestinal forms are uncommon. We studied 118 adult patients with AIDS and chronic diarrhea using stool analysis and endoscopy with duodenal biopsy specimen collection. These samples were processed by routine histology and transmission electron microscopy. Isosporosis was diagnosed in 8 cases. In 2 of them, unizoite tissue cysts were present in the lamina propria, with negative results in stool materials. The cysts were located within a large parasitophorous vacuole. There were no structural means of differentiating the species level of Isospora based on morphology using light or electron microscopy. We believe further work should be done to determine if unizoite tissue cysts are part of the cycle of I belli or of other species of Isospora that could be pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/diagnóstico , Adulto , Animais , Diarreia , Duodeno/parasitologia , Duodeno/patologia , Epitélio/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/complicações , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Isosporíase/complicações , Isosporíase/patologia , Masculino , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and micro-ELISA were evaluated for their ability to detect anti-Fasciola hepatica antibodies in humans by using excretory-secretory antigen. The sensitivity of each method was 100%, but the specificity was 100% for ELISA and 97% for micro-ELISA. The micro-ELISA could be used as a screening assay and ELISA could be used as a confirmatory method for the serodiagnosis of human fascioliasis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Fasciolíase/diagnóstico , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/imunologia , Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Bovinos , Fasciolíase/sangue , Fasciolíase/imunologia , Humanos , Testes Imunológicos/métodosRESUMO
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian parasite found in patients with AIDS. We report the clinical features of a patient with chronic diarrhea, pancreatitis, and AIDS-related sclerosing cholangitis. Ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography disclosed intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct changes identical to those seen in sclerosing cholangitis. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found in duodenum and peripapillary duodenum by means of light microscopy, and confirmed by PCR amplification of paraffin-embedded tissues with species-specific primers. Microsporidian infection should be suspected in patients with advanced immunodeficiency and AIDS-related sclerosing cholangitis in our country.