RESUMO
Using light, transmission, scanning electron, and confocal microscopy, we carried out a morphological study of antennal sensilla and their ultrastructures of the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew), an economically important species that is a pest of mangos and citrus in Mexico and Central America. Our goal was to update the known information on the various sensilla in the antennae of A. ludens, involved in the perception of odors, temperature, humidity, and movement. Based on their external shape, size, cuticle-thickness, and presence of pores, we identified six types of sensilla with 16 subtypes (one chaetica in the pedicel, four clavate, two trichoid, four basiconic, one styloconic, and one campaniform-like in the flagellum, and three additional ones in the two chambers of the sensory pit (pit-basiconic I and II, and pit-styloconic)), some of them described for the first time in A. ludens. We also report, for the first time, two types of pores in the sensilla (hourglass and wedge shapes) that helped classify the sensilla. Additionally, we report a campaniform-like sensillum only observed by transmission electronic microscopy on the flagellum, styloconic and basiconic variants inside the sensory pit, and an "hourglass-shaped" pore in six sensilla types. We discuss and suggest the possible function of each sensillum according to their characteristics and unify previously used criteria in the only previous study on the topic.
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The antifungal and insecticidal activities of 34 extracts from 27 plant species were evaluated against fungal phytopathogens of the genus Fusarium and Xyleborus Scolytine ambrosia beetles involved in Fusarium dieback (FD) and laurel wilt (LW) diseases. Sixteen extracts caused mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) above 23 % at 2â mg mL-1 against F. solani, those from S. nudum and M. argyrophylla exhibited the highest MGI (57 % and 49 %, respectively). Thirteen extracts displayed significant antifungal activity against F. kuroshium, those from C. nocturnum and M. argyrophylla exhibited the highest MGI (100 % and 54.9 %, respectively). Additionally, ten plants extracts caused mortality in at least one of the beetle species tested, mainly from Solanaceae species. In the most active species, 39 phenolics were identified that may have contributed to their biological effects. This study is one of the first to report the potential of plant-derived natural products against the causative agents of FD and LW.
Assuntos
Fusarium , Inseticidas , Persea , Animais , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ambrosia , México , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Florestas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree crop of great social and economic importance. However, the crop productivity is hindered by fast-spreading diseases, which calls for the search of new biocontrol alternatives to mitigate the impact of avocado phytopathogens. Our objectives were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by two avocado rhizobacteria (Bacillus A8a and HA) against phytopathogens Fusarium solani, Fusarium kuroshium, and Phytophthora cinnamomi, and assess their plant growth promoting effect in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that, in vitro, VOCs emitted by both bacterial strains inhibited mycelial growth of the tested pathogens by at least 20%. Identification of bacterial VOCs by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed a predominance of ketones, alcohols and nitrogenous compounds, previously reported for their antimicrobial activity. Bacterial organic extracts obtained with ethyl acetate significantly reduced mycelial growth of F. solani, F. kuroshium, and P. cinnamomi, the highest inhibition being displayed by those from strain A8a (32, 77, and 100% inhibition, respectively). Tentative identifications carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to accurate mass spectrometry of diffusible metabolites in the bacterial extracts, evidenced the presence of some polyketides such as macrolactins and difficidin, hybrid peptides including bacillaene, and non-ribosomal peptides such as bacilysin, which have also been described in Bacillus spp. for antimicrobial activities. The plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid was also identified in the bacterial extracts. In vitro assays showed that VOCs from strain HA and diffusible compounds from strain A8a modified root development and increased fresh weight of A. thaliana. These compounds differentially activated several hormonal signaling pathways involved in development and defense responses in A. thaliana, such as auxin, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA); genetic analyses suggested that developmental stimulation of the root system architecture by strain A8a was mediated by the auxin signaling pathway. Furthermore, both strains were able to enhance plant growth and decreased the symptoms of Fusarium wilt in A. thaliana when soil-inoculated. Collectively, our results evidence the potential of these two rhizobacterial strains and their metabolites as biocontrol agents of avocado pathogens and as biofertilizers.
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Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestations cause significant economic losses in commercial fruit production worldwide. However, some plants quickly counteract the insertion of eggs by females by generating neoplasia and hindering eclosion, as is the case for Persea americana Mill., cv. Hass (Hass avocados). We followed a combined transcriptomics/metabolomics approach to identify the molecular mechanisms triggered by Hass avocados to detect and react to the oviposition of the pestiferous Anastrepha ludens (Loew). We evaluated two conditions: fruit damaged using a sterile pin (pin) and fruit oviposited by A. ludens females (ovi). We evaluated both of the conditions in a time course experiment covering five sampling points: without treatment (day 0), 20 min after the treatment (day 1), and days 3, 6, and 9 after the treatment. We identified 288 differentially expressed genes related to the treatments. Oviposition (and possibly bacteria on the eggs' surface) induces a plant hypersensitive response (HR), triggering a chitin receptor, producing an oxidative burst, and synthesizing phytoalexins. We also observed a process of cell wall modification and polyphenols biosynthesis, which could lead to polymerization in the neoplastic tissue surrounding the eggs.
Assuntos
Magnoliopsida , Persea , Tephritidae , Animais , Feminino , Oviposição , Tephritidae/genética , FrutasRESUMO
Antifungal assay-guided fractionation of the methanolic crude extract of Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae), popular known as 'lady of the night', led the isolation and identification of the steroidal saponin named pennogenin tetraglycoside, which was identified for the first time in this plant species by spectroscopic means. The crude extract, fractions and pennogenin tetraglycoside exhibited mycelial growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and F. kuroshium. F. solani is a cosmopolitan fungal phytopathogen that affects several economically important crops. However, we highlight the antifungal activity displayed by pennogenin tetraglycoside against F. kuroshium, since it is the first plant natural product identified as active for this phytopathogen. This fungus along with its insect symbiont known as Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea kuroshio) are the causal agents of the plant disease Fusarium dieback that affects more than 300 plant species including avocado (Persea americana) among others of ecological relevance. Scanning electron microscopy showed morphological alterations of the fungal hyphae after exposure with the active fractions and 12 phenolic compounds were also identified by mass spectrometry dereplication as part of potential active molecules present in C. nocturnum leaves.
Assuntos
Cestrum , Fusarium , Solanaceae , Antifúngicos/química , Humanos , EspirostanosRESUMO
Anastrepha ludens is a key pest of mangoes and citrus from Texas to Costa Rica but the mechanisms of odorant perception in this species are poorly understood. Detection of volatiles in insects occurs mainly in the antenna, where molecules penetrate sensillum pores and link to soluble proteins in the hemolymph until reaching specific odor receptors that trigger signal transduction and lead to behavioral responses. Scrutinizing the molecular foundation of odorant perception in A. ludens is necessary to improve biorational management strategies against this pest. After exposing adults of three maturity stages to a proteinaceous attractant, we studied antennal morphology and comparative proteomic profiles using nano-LC-MS/MS with tandem mass tags combined with synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-MS3. Antennas from newly emerged flies exhibited dense agglomerations of olfactory sensory neurons. We discovered 4618 unique proteins in the antennas of A. ludens and identified some associated with odor signaling, including odorant-binding and calcium signaling related proteins, the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), and putative odorant-degrading enzymes. Antennas of sexually immature flies exhibited the most upregulation of odor perception proteins compared to mature flies exposed to the attractant. This is the first report where critical molecular players are linked to the odor perception mechanism of A. ludens.
Assuntos
Frutas/química , Feromônios/farmacologia , Proteoma/análise , Proteoma/metabolismo , Tephritidae/metabolismo , Animais , Tephritidae/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a valuable model for understanding the mechanism of plant embryogenesis and a tool for the mass production of plants. However, establishing SE in avocado has been complicated due to the very low efficiency of embryo induction and plant regeneration. To understand the molecular foundation of the SE induction and development in avocado, we compared embryogenic (EC) and non-embryogenic (NEC) cultures of two avocado varieties using proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Although Criollo and Hass EC exhibited similarities in the proteome and metabolome profile, in general, we observed a more active phenylpropanoid pathway in EC than NEC. This pathway is associated with the tolerance of stress responses, probably through the reinforcement of the cell wall and flavonoid production. We could corroborate that particular polyphenolics compounds, including p-coumaric acid and t-ferulic acid, stimulated the production of somatic embryos in avocado. Exogen phenolic compounds were associated with the modification of the content of endogenous polyphenolic and the induction of the production of the putative auxin-a, adenosine, cellulose and 1,26-hexacosanediol-diferulate. We suggest that in EC of avocado, there is an enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism for the production of the building blocks of lignin and flavonoid compounds having a role in cell wall reinforcement for tolerating stress response. Data are available at ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019705.
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Adaptação Fisiológica , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Persea/embriologia , Persea/fisiologia , Técnicas de Embriogênese Somática de Plantas , Propanóis/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Parede Celular/ultraestrutura , Metabolômica , Modelos Biológicos , Persea/ultraestrutura , Fenótipo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , ProteômicaRESUMO
Rhizobacteria emit bioactive metabolites with antifungal properties that could be used for biocontrol of fungal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the potential of diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by avocado rhizobacteria to inhibit the growth of Fusarium kuroshium, one of the causal agents of Fusarium dieback (FD) in avocado. Three bacterial isolates (INECOL-6004, INECOL-6005, and INECOL-6006), belonging to the Bacillus genus, were selected based on their capacity to inhibit several avocado fungal pathogens, and tested in antagonism assays against F. kuroshium. The three bacterial isolates significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth by up to 48%. The composition of bacterial diffusible compounds was characterized by the analysis of EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The three bacterial isolates produced cyclo-lipopeptides belonging to the iturin, fengycin, and surfactin families. The antifungal activity of n-BuOH extracts was larger than that of EtOAc extracts, probably due to the greater relative abundance of fengycin in the former than in the latter. In addition, isolates INECOL-6004 and INECOL-6006 significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth through VOC emission by up to 69.88%. The analysis of their VOC profiles by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of ketones and pyrazine compounds, particularly of 2-nonanone, which was not detected in the VOC profile of isolate INECOL-6005. These results emphasize the need to further investigate the antifungal activity of each bioactive compound for the development of new formulations against fungal phytopathogens.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Persea/microbiologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antibiose , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus/metabolismo , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lipopeptídeos/química , Lipopeptídeos/metabolismo , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Micélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia do Solo , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismoRESUMO
A double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in liver transplantation (LT). The grafts were randomized to receive ALA or placebo before the cold ischemia time. Furthermore, patients transplanted with the ALA-perfused graft received 600 mg of intravenous ALA, while patients with the nonperfused graft received the placebo just before graft reperfusion. Hepatic biopsy was performed 2 h postreperfusion. Blood samples were collected before, during and 1 and 2 days after reperfusion. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was performed on biopsies to assess genes involved in the response to hypoxia, apoptosis, cell growth, survival and proliferation, cytokine production and tissue damage protection. Nine of 40 patients developed postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), but seven of them belonged to the control group. There was a decrease in PHD2 and an increase in alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) and baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 (Birc2) transcript levels in the biopsies from the ALA-treated versus the control group of patients. Additionally, plasma levels of alarmins were lower in ALA-treated patients than control patients, which suggests that ALA-treated grafts are less inflammatory than untreated grafts. These results showed that ALA is safe for use in LT, induces gene changes that protect against hypoxia and oxidative stress and reduces the appearance of PRS.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Ácido Tióctico/farmacologia , Idoso , Alarminas/metabolismo , Apoptose , Biópsia , Isquemia Fria , Citocinas/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipóxia , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Segurança do Paciente , Projetos Piloto , Reperfusão/métodos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
Recently, a great number of epidemiological studies have shown evidence that exposure to inorganic arsenic could have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system of humans. However, the underlying mechanisms through which arsenic induces cardiovascular toxic effects remain unclear. In this regard, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as a probable connection between environment and disease phenotypes, including cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate epigenetic changes related to cardiotoxicity (miR-126 and miR-155 expression levels) in children from San Luis Potosi, Mexico exposed to inorganic arsenic. From 2014 to 2015, in a cross-sectional study, children (aged 6-12 years; n = 73) attending public schools at the studied sites were enrolled to take part in this study. Urinary arsenic was used as an exposure biomarker and analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. On the other hand, miR-126 and miR-155 expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. A mean urinary arsenic level of 30.5 ± 25.5 µg/g of creatinine was found. Moreover, the data showed a significant negative association (p < 0.05) between urinary arsenic concentrations and plasma miR-126 levels. However, an association between urinary arsenic concentrations and plasma miR-155 levels was not found (p > 0.05). In this regard, some investigations have shown an association between diminished plasma miR-126 levels and cardiovascular illnesses. The results found in this study are of concern. However, more similar studies including a larger sample size are necessary in order to clarify the real significance of the data.
Assuntos
Arsênio/urina , Água Potável/química , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Epigênese Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , MicroRNAs/genética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/urina , Arsênio/toxicidade , Biomarcadores/urina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Compare glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) diagnostic tests for prediabetes and diabetes with plasma glucose criteria and compare the metabolic profiles of people classified by HbA1c versus by glucose levels. METHODS: Participants were recruited for the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. The participants were primarily Hispanic (98%), without previously diagnosed diabetes, and aged 40 to 65 years. Participants classified as normal glycemic, prediabetes, or diabetes on the basis of baseline HbA1c and plasma glucose criteria were compared with respect to baseline cardiometabolic factors. RESULTS: The 1342 participants had a mean age of 50.5 ± 6.8 years and 28% were men. Thirty-one percent were diagnosed with prediabetes by plasma glucose criteria and 53.4% by HbA1c , and 8.1% were diagnosed with diabetes by plasma glucose criteria and 6.3% by HbA1c ; overall concordance rate was 55.1%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of HbA1c compared to plasma glucose criteria was 0.62 for impaired glucose and 0.76 for diabetes. A worse cardiometabolic profile was seen within subgroups that met HbA1c and plasma glucose criteria for diabetes or prediabetes. Those diagnosed with prediabetes by plasma glucose criteria had significantly higher systolic blood pressure and higher homeostatic model assessment than those diagnosed using HbA1c . Participants diagnosed with diabetes by plasma glucose criteria had lower body mass index, smaller waist circumference, and lower insulinogenic and disposition indices, but higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, than those diagnosed by HbA1c . CONCLUSIONS: Low concordance was seen between HbA1c and glucose measurements. The HbA1c is not a good test for prediabetes but shows reasonable validity for diabetes in this high-risk predominantly female Hispanic population. People classified by HbA1c , plasma glucose criteria, or both show different metabolic profiles; a combined test may be ideal.
Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Estado Pré-Diabético/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the chemotactic activity and phagocytic response of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes among women in the first five days postpartum. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional clinical-laboratory study was conducted. Data of 31 postpartum women during the first five days after vaginal delivery were compared with those of 24 healthy non-pregnant non-postpartum women matched for age. The inclusion criteria were postpartum, clinically and obstetrically healthy women; vaginal delivery, singleton pregnancy carried to term; non-hypertensive, hyperglycemic, allergic, malnourished or with autoimmune or neoplastic diseases; not having received vaccines or blood products in the last three months. The Control Group was chosen according to the same inclusion criteria but involving non-pregnant non-postpartum women. The chemotactic activity of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes was assessed by determining the distance from directed migration to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, in three Boyden chamber assays. The phagocytic response was identified by assessing the Zymosan particles' ingestion in three assays carried out in Leighton tubes. The Student's t-test was used in the statistical analysis, adopting a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The chemotactic activity of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes from postpartum women in the presence of homologous (73.2 ± 6.9) and autologous (78.6 ± 13.9) sera showed a significant increase compared to the values observed in the Control Group (64.1 ± 4.1 and 66.6 ± 5.4). Both chemotactic response and phagocytosis ingestion phase of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in postpartum women compared to healthy non-pregnant and non-postpartum women. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the chemotactic activity and phagocytic response of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the first five days after vaginal delivery in women.
Assuntos
Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Fagocitose , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the chemotactic activity and phagocytic response of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes among women in the first five days postpartum.METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional clinical-laboratory study was conducted. Data of 31 postpartum women during the first five days after vaginal delivery were compared with those of 24 healthy non-pregnant non-postpartum women matched for age. The inclusion criteria were postpartum, clinically and obstetrically healthy women; vaginal delivery, singleton pregnancy carried to term; non-hypertensive, hyperglycemic, allergic, malnourished or with autoimmune or neoplastic diseases; not having received vaccines or blood products in the last three months. The Control Group was chosen according to the same inclusion criteria but involving non-pregnant non-postpartum women. The chemotactic activity of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes was assessed by determining the distance from directed migration to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, in three Boyden chamber assays. The phagocytic response was identified by assessing the Zymosan particles' ingestion in three assays carried out in Leighton tubes. The Student's t-test was used in the statistical analysis, adopting a 5% level of significance.RESULTS: The chemotactic activity of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes from postpartum women in the presence of homologous (73.2±6.9) and autologous (78.6±13.9) sera showed a significant increase compared to the values observed in the Control Group (64.1±4.1 and 66.6±5.4). Both chemotactic response and phagocytosis ingestion phase of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly increased (p<0.05) in postpartum women compared to healthy non-pregnant and non-postpartum women.CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the chemotactic activity and phagocytic response of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the first five days after vaginal delivery in women.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade quimiotática e a resposta fagocitária dos leucócitos polimorfonucleares neutrofílicos entre puérperas nos cinco primeiros dias após o parto.MÉTODOS: Um estudo clínico-laboratorial prospectivo e transversal foi realizado. Dados de 31 puérperas nos cinco primeiros dias após o parto vaginal foram comparados aos de 24 mulheres saudáveis não gestantes e não puérperas, por meio da idade. Os critérios de inclusão foram puérperas clínica e obstetricamente saudáveis; parto vaginal; gestação de feto único a termo; não hipertensas, hiperglicêmicas, alérgicas ou desnutridas ou portadoras de doenças autoimunes ou neoplasias; sem terem recebido vacinas ou hemoderivados nos últimos três meses. O Grupo Controle foi selecionado utilizando-se os mesmos critérios, mas com mulheres não gestantes e não puérperas. A atividade quimiotática por leucócitos polimorfonucleares neutrofílicos foi avaliada determinando-se a distância da migração dirigida ao lipopolissacarídeo bacteriano em três ensaios utilizando-se câmaras de Boyden. A resposta fagocitária foi identificada por meio da ingestão de partículas de zymosan em três ensaios, que foram realizados em tubos de Leighton. Na análise estatística, empregou-se o teste tde Student, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADOS: A atividade quimiotática dos leucócitos polimorfonucleares neutrofílicos de mulheres no pós-parto, na presença de soro homólogo (73,2±6,9) e autólogo (78,6±13,9), mostrou diferença significante quando comparada aos valores observados no Grupo Controle (64,1±4,1 e 66,6±5,4). A resposta quimiotática e a etapa de ingestão da fagocitose por leucócitos polimorfonucleares neutrofílicos apresentaram acréscimos expressivos (p<0,05) em puérperas ao compararem-se aos valores de mulheres saudáveis não gestantes e não puérperas.CONCLUSÃO: Houve um aumento da atividade quimiotática e da resposta fagocitária por leucócitos polimorfonucleares neutrofílicos nos primeiros cinco dias após parto vaginal nas mulheres.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto/sangue , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito , Estudos Transversais , Fagocitose , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) can compromise the quality of life of patients. Our purpose is to investigate if the quality of life, in a cohort of patients in Puerto Rico, is affected by the diagnosis and/or treatment modalities received for DTC. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 75 subjects with DTC. A Spanish version of the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire was used, including multiple aspects of physical and social functioning. Descriptive and bivariate analysis between domain scores and variables of interest were performed. RESULTS: 82.7% of the patients reported that their health was the same or better than it was before treatment. The mean composite score obtained was 82.3, reflecting an overall little effect on quality of life. Patients diagnosed with DTC at an age of > or =45 years reported a significantly better score on the pain domain when compared with those diagnosed earlier (p < 0.05). Patient who received >150 mCi of radioiodine had a tendency towards a worse score on the same domain (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our cohort reported an overall minimal effect on the quality of life of patients with DTC. Future treatment strategies should include periodic quality of life evaluations, in order to tailor therapy in this growing population.
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Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/etiologia , Porto Rico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction and rejoining of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in melanoma cells exposed to low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: DSBs and survival were determined as a function of dose in melanoma cells (B16-F0) irradiated with monoenergetic proton and lithium beams and with a gamma source. Survival curves were obtained by clonogenic assay and fitted to the linear-quadratic model. DSBs were evaluated by the detection of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gammaH2AX) foci at 30 min and 6 h post-irradiation. RESULTS: Survival curves showed the increasing effectiveness of radiation as a function of LET. gammaH2AX labeling showed an increase in the number of foci vs. dose for all the radiations evaluated. A decrease in the number of foci was found at 6 h post-irradiation for low LET radiation, revealing the repair capacity of DSBs. An increase in the size of gammaH2AX foci in cells irradiated with lithium beams was found, as compared with gamma and proton irradiations, which could be attributed to the clusters of DSBs induced by high LET radiation. Foci size increased at 6 h post-irradiation for lithium and proton irradiations in relation with persistent DSBs, showing a correlation with surviving fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed the response of B16-F0 cells to charged particle beams evaluated by the detection of gammaH2AX foci. We conclude that gammaH2AX foci size is an accurate parameter to correlate the rejoining of DSBs induced by different LET radiations and radiosensitivity.
Assuntos
Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Reparo do DNA , Histonas/metabolismo , Transferência Linear de Energia , Melanoma Experimental/radioterapia , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Histonas/análise , Humanos , Lítio/uso terapêutico , Melanoma Experimental/genética , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Terapia com Prótons , Tolerância a Radiação , Radioisótopos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: a ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM) tem sido motivo para muitas indagações, dentre as quais os mecanismos imunes envolvidos. Diante da escassez de estudos relacionados ao tema, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os valores séricos de imunoglobulina A (IgA), imnoglobulina G (IgG), imunoglobulina M (IgM), C3 e C4 em gestantes com RPM. MÉTODOS: neste estudo transversal, foram incluídas 36 mulheres grávidas, com idade gestacional entre 23 e 37 semanas. Deste total, 15 mulheres tiveram diagnóstico laboratorial e clínico de RPM. Foram excluídas as pacientes com início do trabalho de parto, sinais clínicos de infecção ou disfunções clínicas com repercussão sistêmica. Concentrações séricas de IgA, IgM e IgG, C3 e C4 foram avaliadas nas pacientes com (grupo de estudo) e sem RPM (grupo controle). A correlação entre as dosagens, o número de partos e o tempo de ruptura foi determinada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (valor de r). RESULTADOS: os níveis séricos de IgA (média±DP) foram significativamente mais altos nas pacientes do grupo controle do que nas pacientes do grupo de estudo (271,0±107,0 versus 202,9±66,1, respectivamente; p=0,024). Não houve diferença estatística quando os níveis de IgM, IgG, C3 e C4 foram comparados entre os grupos. Não foi notada associação significativa entre o número de partos e as dosagens de IgA, IgM, IgG, C3 e C4 (r entre -0,009 e 0,027; p>0,05). O tempo de ruptura médio das pacientes do grupo de estudo foi de 19,1 horas (uma a 72 horas), sem nenhuma associação com as dosagens séricas avaliadas. CONCLUSÕES: mulheres grávidas com RPM apresentam níveis de IgA significativamente mais baixos do que as pacientes grávidas normais. A variável "número de partos" não atua como um fator de confusão na análise comparativa das dosagens obtidas em pacientes com ou sem RPM, assim como também não houve associação entre o tempo de ruptura e as dosagens séricas de imunoglobulinas e complementos.
PURPOSE: the premature rupture of membranes (PROM) has been a reason for many investigations, amongst which the involved immune mechanisms. Ahead of the scarcity of studies related to the subject, this work had as objective to evaluate the serum values of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 in pregnant women with pre-term PROM. METHODS: in this transversal study, 36 pregnant women had been enclosed, with gestational age between 23 and 37 weeks. Of this total, 15 women had had laboratorial and clinical diagnosis of PROM. Patients with beginning of the childbirth work, clinical signals of infection, clinical dysfunction with systemic repercussion had been excluded. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), C3 and C4 had been evaluated in the patients with (study group) and without PROM (control group). Correlation among dosages; number of childbirths and time of rupture was determined by Spearman coefficient correlation (r value). RESULTS: serum levels of IgA (average±SD) had been significantly higher in the patients of the control group (271.0±107.0 versus 202.9±66.1; respectively, control and study group; p=0.024). There was no statistical difference when the levels of IgM, IgG, C3 and C4 had been compared between two groups. Significant association was not noticed between the number of childbirths and the IgA, IgM, IgG, C3 and C4 dosages (Spearman; r between -0,009 and 0,027; p>0,05). The average time of rupture of study group patients was of 19.1 hours (one - 72 hours), without association with the evaluated serum dosages. CONCLUSIONS: pregnant women with PROM show levels of IgA significantly lower than normal pregnant patients. The variable "number of childbirths" does not act as a factor of confusion in the comparative analysis of the dosages obtained in patients with or without PROM, as well as also it did not have association between the time of rupture and the immunoglobulin and complements...
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Corioamnionite , Membranas Extraembrionárias , Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Imunoglobulinas/análiseRESUMO
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Summary Background: Recent research has found that newborns, whose mothers present a mood disorder, show at this age a profile of dysregulation characterized by an impaired performance according to the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, indeterminate hipersomnia high levels of stress related hormones (norepinephrine and cortisol) right frontal EEG activation deficient responsivity to facial expressions and impairment of sympathetic response characterized by lower vagal tone. Newborns from mothers who were depressed during pregnancy show to be more irritable, more difficult to console, and have less developed motor tone than newborns from nondepressed mothers. The mother's behavior, related to the newborn, is characterized by two predominant interaction styles: withdrawn or intrusive, which seem to have differential negative effects on their infants, due to inadequate stimulation and arousal modulation. The mother's mood and anxiety disorders may affect the newborn due to exposure of the fetus to the maternal biochemical imbalance. Because the longer exposure to an intrauterine environment marked by high levels of cortisol and norepinephrine was likely to result in less optimal outcomes, the newborns of mother who were depressed only at the beginning of pregnancy were likely to show more optimal profiles than those of mothers reporting symptoms of depression and accompanying biochemical imbalances at the middle and at the end of pregnancy. Studies on prepartum health behaviors provide evidence for the indirect effects of maternal depression on the prepartum environment. Depressed mothers are less likely to seek prepartum care and are more likely to smoke, drink, and use cocaine during pregnancy than non depressed mothers. Objective: To compare the systems of behavior organization of those infants born from high neonatal risk mothers with or without mood disorder. Method: An observational, analytical and longitudinal case-control study was designed. A sample of 53 women, 18 to 40 years old and with a 16-35 weeks pregnancy was selected for this study. From this sample, 24 women did not have a mood disorder diagnosis and had a mean age of 27.7 ± 5.3 and 29 women had this diagnosis and a mean age of 30 ± 6.7 years. Mean gestational age of infants at birth was 39.4 ± 1.3 and 39.1 ± 1.2, respectively. This study was carried out from April 2003 to June 2004. Women participated in this study after signing their acceptance. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), an instrument used to detect the presence of alterations during the first 2 months of life of newborns, was applied to 53 infants at two different moments: 3 days and 27-30 days after birth. Women were assigned to the case (diagnosis of mood disorder) or control group (without mood disorder) after the application of the Edimburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) and the structured interview for axis I and II of the DSM-IV. ANOVA tests were used for comparisons between the study groups (cases and controls) as independent variables, and the pretest and post test change, as the dependent variables. Initial values, the interval in days between the evaluations and gestational age were considered covariables in the analysis. This analysis was done for each of the 6 clusters or segments of the NBAS which are: social interaction, motor system, state organization, state regulation, autonomic system, and the cluster of supplementary items. These were also considered for the total score. Results: During the first evaluation, all infants performed satisfactorily, a fact that indicates that at birth they were in good conditions for their future development. When reviewing changes of the 6 analyzed clusters, the only differences found were in motor maturity. Infants from depressed mothers showed a slight difference (adjusted mean 0.971 ± 2.6 points) when compared with babies from non-depressed mothers (adjusted mean 2.033 ± 2.6 points) [F(1,49)=3.83,p=0.05]. The rest of the segments from the NBAS did not show a statistical difference. All results were favorable in all clusters for mothers without mood disorder, independently from the covariables. Conclusion: Behavior organization of infants born to women with mood disorder tends to show delayed motor maturity. Even though we did not find evidence of delayed development in the other clusters, a trend could be observed. Decreased motor tone and lower activity levels, lethargy, and stress behaviors were noted in the infants of depressed mothers, suggesting that infants were floppy, relatively unresponsive, and reminiscent of newborns who are small for date. This behaviors might contribute to the later difficulties noted in the interactions of depressed mothers and their infants. It is important to further study the effects of maternal depression in the development of behavior organization in newborns. It is also important to study the biochemical disturbances in the mother secondary to her depression, and their effect in the biochemical balance of her neonate. Cortisol has a great influence on the cerebral development and it is associated to the inhibition of neurogenesis in hypothalamus. This inhibition perhaps may be the cause of depression in the newborn. The mother's anxiety during pregnancy may have a great influence on the behavior of the newborn. In this study, the mother was undergoing a high risk pregnancy, with some previous abortions, low pregnant age and other perinatal risks. Under this conditions, mothers are likely to present psychological distress.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: analisar a relação do sistema imunológico com a pré-eclâmpsia, comparando-se populações e subpopulações de linfócitos em gestantes saudáveis e com pré-eclâmpsia. MÉTODOS: foram estudadas 40 gestantes, sendo 20 saudáveis e 20 com doença hipertensiva específica da gestação. Amostras de sangue periférico foram obtidas de todas as gestantes e realizou-se quantificação de populações e subpopulações de linfócitos (CD4+, CD8+, relação CD4+/CD8+, CD3+ e CD19+). A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: os resultados encontrados foram: contagem de linfócitos menores nas pré-eclâmpticas (grupo de estudo 2295,10ñ1328,16, grupo controle 3892,80ñ1430,85, p<0,05), assim como de CD4+ (grupo de estudo 1188,80ñ625,61, grupo controle 1742,25ñ628,40, p<0,05), CD8+ (grupo de estudo 774,00ñ371,31, grupo controle 1175,70ñ517,72, p<0,05), CD3+ (grupo de estudo 1958,65ñ983,78, grupo controle 2916,95ñ1117,88, p<0,05). Os demais testes não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: conclui-se que há diminuição no número de linfócitos, CD4+, CD8+ e CD3+ na pré-eclâmpsia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Pré-EclâmpsiaRESUMO
Objetivos: Describir las pautas de interacción de dos familias con VIH/SIDA con la infección ubicada en los padres y evaluar a dos niñas de estas familias en su organización conductual alrededor de los cuarenta días de vida y el desarrollo mental y motor a los seis y doce meses de edad. Material y métodos: A través del genograma se evaluaron los sistemas familiares de dos niñas, hijas de padres infectados por VIH/SIDA; las pequeñas, a su vez, fueron evaluadas con la Escala de Conductas Neonatales de Brazelton (NBAS) entre los 39 y 44 días después del nacimiento y a través de las Escalas de Desarrollo de Nancy Bayley (BSID-II) a los seis y doce meses de edad. Resultados: En los dos casos la organización familiar corresponde a una pareja de adultos-jóvenes con VIH positivo en etapa de bebés y con hijos no enfermos; en el primer caso la madre se define como la transmisora; en el segundo el padre. Hay un debilitamiento en el subsistema de los padres. Las relaciones de parejas de los padres presentan ambivalencias. A medida que la VIH/SIDA avanza, las alianzas dividen a las familias y excluyen de la colaboración contra la enfermedad a varios miembros, lo que sobrecarga a las abuelas maternas. Las jerarquías y los límites son difusos, lo cual impide una contención estable y firme a los hijos. Las dos familias se encuentran estancadas en la etapa de estrés situacional. En el NBAS las dos lactantes obtuvieron una ejecución de buena a excelente (puntajes 7, 8 y 9) en los diferentes conglomerados; en el BSID-II, se advirtió que en ambos casos, en los primeros seis meses el desarrollo mental y motor cursó dentro de los límites normales; mientras que a los 12 meses el primer caso continuó con un desarrollo normal y en el segundo no fue posible evaluar con precisión el desarrollo, debido a una conducta de oposicionismo. Conclusiones: Ambos sistemas familiares presentan una organización con enfermo crónico y en particular con VIH-SIDA. Este estudio nos muestra que la evaluación en el desarrollo motor y mental de las dos niñas cursa conforme a lo esperado y que en la organización actual existe la estructura familiar con un proceso de parentalización (inversión de roles) y desamparo para las niñas.
Objective: To describe the family patterns of interaction of two girls born to parents infected with AIDS/HIV, and their behavioral organization around forty days, also the mental and motor development at six and twelve months. Methodology: The two family systems of the two girls with both parent infected by AIDS/HIV, were evaluated using a genogram; they were also appraised with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assesment Scale (NBAS), between days 39 and 44; and with the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-II) at six and twelve months of age. Results: In the two cases, the family organization belongs to a young adult couple with HIV positive and two healthy sons; in the first case, the mother is identified as the transmitter; in the second, the father is the spreading agent. There is a weakening effect in the parental subsystem. The couples relations are ambivalent. As the HIV/AIDS advances, the alliances divide the family, excluding several members from the collaboration effort against the illness; this overloads the maternal grandmothers. Hierarchies and limits become diffused, resulting in a lack of a firm and stable emotional contention for the children. The two families are stalled in a situational stress period. In respect to the NBAS the two infants obtained performance from good to excelent (scores 7,8,9) across the clusters; in the BSID-II both cases had a normal score in the first six months of their mental and motor development, while at twelve months of age, the first case continued with a normal development, but the second case was not precisely evaluated due to oppositional behavior. Conclusions: Both family systems are identified with an organization affected by the HIV presence, their structure is promoting a parentalization (role reversal) process and neglect for the children; though the motor and mental development of the two girls were found according to the expected norm for their age.