RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Painful Phantom Limb Syndrome (PPLS) occurs in 50 to 80% of patients undergoing amputation, having a great impact on quality of life, productivity and psychosocial sphere. The objective of this review is to summarize the pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, surgical optimization, and provide a multidisciplinary approach aimed at reducing the incidence of chronic pain associated with PPLS in patients undergoing limb amputation. METHODS: A narrative review was carried out using Medline, Pubmed, Proquest, LILACS and Cochrane, searching for articles between 2000 and 2021. Articles describing the epidemiology, pathophysiological considerations, and current treatments were selected after a screening process. RESULTS: A multidisciplinary and multimodal approach is required in PPLS, and should include the use of regional techniques, and adjuvants such as NSAIDs, ketamine, lidocaine and gabapentinoids. In addition, an evaluation and continuous management of risk factors for chronic pain in conjunction with the surgical team is necessary. CONCLUSION: The current literature does not support that a single technique is effective inthe prevention of PPLS. However, adequate acute pain control, rehabilitation and early restoration of the body scheme under a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach have shown benefit in the acute setting.
Assuntos
Dor Crônica , Membro Fantasma , Humanos , Membro Fantasma/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Amputação Cirúrgica , Manejo da Dor/métodosRESUMO
Este trabajo refleja la evolución del concepto de lepra que dependió de circunstancias históricas determinadas y estrechamente relacionadas con el manejo institucional. Notamos que a pesar de los avances científicos no se ha logrado determinar muchos aspectos de la enfermedad tan importantes como los postulados de Koch. Desde los leprocomios iniciales, con los cuales se intentó solucionar el problema de salud pública que reemplazaba la lepra hasta el manejo individualizado, integral y ambulatorio actúal, se evidencia una inadecuada e irregular enfoque del problema que da como resultado en que su control no haya sido el esperado y que aún en el momento no se cuente con una estadística veráz acerca de la mágnitud del mismo en el País