RESUMO
El presente estudio se enmarca en el Programa Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes (MÁS AMA) enmarcado en las políticas públicas de salud en Chile, implementado el año 2015 en Atención Primaria con el propósito de influir de forma positiva en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, con un enfoque preventivo y promocional. Esta investigación pretende indagar en las percepciones psicosociales de las personas mayores tras su participación en el programa. Para ello mediante una metodología cualitativa, fenomenológica y exploratoria, se describen aspectos psicosociales de los adultos mayores del Programa, ofrecido en el CESFAM Dr. Pedro Jáuregui, de la ciudad de Osorno. Se seleccionaron 10 adultos mayores mediante un muestreo por conveniencia, realizando entrevistas semiestructuradas previo firma de consentimiento. Éstas fueron transcritas y analizadas según la Teoría Fundamentada utilizando el software ATLAS.ti® . Los resultados demuestran que el Programa contribuye a un incremento en los niveles de socialización de los sujetos en estudio; en la autopercepción del estado y manejo de su salud y en el bienestar psicológico al enfrentar estados depresivos, contribuyendo así a un envejecimiento activo. Finalmente, se obtiene información relevante para ser utilizada por Martínez MC, Aucapán AM, Muñoz L, Silva C 2018, Horiz Enferm,29,2,138-151 139 los equipos de salud de atención primaria y así aumentar la cobertura del Programa MÁS AMA, siendo ejecutado en todos los CESFAM a nivel local, ya que los beneficios que se obtienen responden a las políticas públicas de autonomía y de envejecimiento saludable.
Más Adultos Mayores Autovalentes Program (MÁS AMA) is framed in public health policies in Chile, implemented in 2015 in Primary Care with the purpose of positively influencing on the elder people Ìs quality of life, with a preventive and promotional approach. This research aims to describe the impact generated by the program in the biopsychosocial area of the elderly following their participation; for that reason, we choose the phenomenological-exploratory qualitative approach, the psychosocial environment of older adults of the Program offered at Dr. Pedro Jauregui CESFAM, from Osorno city. Ten elderly adults were selected through convenience sampling by conducting semi-structured interviews after signing consent. These ones were transcribed and analyzed according to the theory based on the ATLAS.ti® software. The main results show that the Program has achieved a positive impact on the elderly by generating an increase in the levels of socialization of the elderly as well as in the self-perception of the state and management of their health, in psychological well-being to face depressive states, contributing to active aging. Finally, relevant information is obtained to be used by primary care health teams to increase the coverage of the MÁS AMA Program and to be executed in all CESFAM along the country, because the benefits obtained from the program can favor public policies of autonomy and healthy aging.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Chile , Participação Social , Envelhecimento Saudável , Autoimagem , Entrevistas como Assunto , Sistemas de Apoio Psicossocial , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Food from lunch packs (LP) or food available inside and outside of school can play an important role in the development of obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the LP of elementary school (ES) and preschool children (PS) in Tijuana, and the foods available to them inside and outside of school. Eight public schools participated in the study. A random sample of all the groups from a school district was conducted. A questionnaire was administered to children in first through sixth grade (ES) and to the parents of PS. LP and food available inside and outside of the school were classified as healthy, unhealthy, and adequate according to the guidelines set forth by the Secretariat of Health. A total of 2,716 questionnaires were administered and the content of 648 LP was assessed. It was observed that 99% of PS had LP prepared at home, a higher percentage than ES. None of the LP of the ES was classified as healthy, and 1% was classified as adequate. Among PS, 21% of the LP were classified as healthy and 6% as adequate. More than half of the children recognized the brand name of foods high in fat, salt, and added sugar available inside and outside of school grounds. Most of the LP of ES and PS and the foods available inside and outside of school were unhealthy and inadequate. A strategy to prevent the availability of unhealthy and inadequate food in LP and foods available inside and outside schools is recommended.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Instituições Acadêmicas , População Urbana , Desjejum , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Almoço , Masculino , México , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
El segmento de la población con más rápido crecimiento es aquel que comprende a las personas mayores de 65 años. Esta población es también la que más está expuesta a procedimientos quirúrgicos. Si se previenen las complicaciones peri y post operatorias en pacientes envejecientes, éstos pueden ser candidatos a la mayor parte de las cirugías. Ningún paciente debe ser rechazado de una intervención quirúrgica en base a su edad. El presente artículo discute las responsabilidades de los médicos tanto cirujanos como no cirujanos, los objetivos de las intervenciones tanto médicas como quirúrgicas y las potenciales causas de riesgo en aquellos pacientes envejecientes sometidos a cirugía