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Rev Neurol ; 65(3): 105-111, 2017 Aug 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28699152

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is the most commonly occurring neurological disorder in the world. The study of structural brain lesions is important to understand the secondary complications. In Honduras there is little information on this topic. AIM: To determine the characteristics and proportion of structural brain lesions in paediatric patients with focal epilepsy at the Hospital Escuela Universitario. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective-prospective study. The study population consisted of 162 paediatric patients with focal epilepsy who were treated in the paediatric neurology outpatient department between January 2015 and June 2016. On applying the eligibility and exclusion criteria, the universe of study comprised 102 patients with focal epilepsy. RESULTS: 41% of the patients with focal epilepsy presented a structural lesion. The main locations of the structural lesions were the parietal lobe (12.8%), the occipital lobe (10.8%) and the frontal lobe (10.8%). An association was found between the presence of structural brain lesions and the presence of uncontrolled seizures, with statistical significance. The attributable risk was calculated and it was found that among patients with uncontrolled seizures, 67% had a structural lesion in the imaging study. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of uncontrolled seizures is associated to the presence of structural lesions in imaging studies, with a high attributable risk. Leukomalacia and cerebral ischaemia were the main findings that were reported. The predominant structural lesions in paediatric patients with focal epilepsy in the population studied are those related to events that take place during the peripartum period.


TITLE: Caracteristicas de las lesiones estructurales en pacientes pediatricos con epilepsia focal en un hospital de Honduras.Introduccion. La epilepsia es el trastorno neurologico con mayor ocurrencia en el mundo. El estudio de las lesiones estructurales cerebrales es importante para comprender las complicaciones secundarias. En Honduras existe poca informacion sobre este tema. Objetivo. Determinar las caracteristicas y proporcion de las lesiones estructurales cerebrales en los pacientes pediatricos con epilepsia focal del Hospital Escuela Universitario. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo-prospectivo. La poblacion de estudio fue de 162 pacientes pediatricos con epilepsia focal, atendidos en la consulta externa de neurologia pediatrica entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2016. Al aplicar los criterios de inclusion y exclusion, el universo de estudio se constituyo en 102 pacientes con epilepsia focal. Resultados. El 41% de los pacientes con epilepsia focal presento lesion estructural. Las principales ubicaciones de las lesiones estructurales fueron el lobulo parietal (12,8%), el lobulo occipital (10,8%) y el lobulo frontal (10,8%). Se encontro asociacion entre la presencia de lesiones estructurales cerebrales y la presencia de crisis convulsivas no controladas, con significacion estadistica. Se realizo el calculo de riesgo atribuible y se encontro que en los pacientes con crisis convulsivas no controladas, el 67% tenia lesion estructural en el estudio de imagen. Conclusiones. La presencia de crisis convulsivas no controladas se asocia a la presencia de lesiones estructurales en el estudio de imagen, con un riesgo atribuible alto. La leucomalacia y la isquemia cerebral fueron los principales hallazgos comunicados. Las lesiones estructurales predominantes en los pacientes pediatricos con epilepsia focal de la poblacion estudiada son las relacionadas con eventos durante el periparto.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/etiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/complicações , Adolescente , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Honduras , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos
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