RESUMO
Se efectuaron pruebas de pirogenicidad in vivo e in vitro en una serie de lotes de vacuna oleosa antiaftosa. Los hallazgos demostraron que normalmente estos inmunógenos no son reactivos en estas técnicas. Se sugiere emplear pruebas de pirógenos en aquellos casos en que se sospecha de problemas de contaminación bacteriana en vacunas antiaftosa, y para la caracterización de las reacciones posvacunales.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Aphthovirus , Pirogênios , Adjuvante de Freund , Vacinas , Inoculações Seriadas , Injeções IntravenosasRESUMO
La contribución del Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa para el conocimiento de las enfermedades vesiculares de los animales, especialmente la fiebre aftosa, ha sido de gran trascendencia para los programas de control iniciados durante las últimas cuatro décadas. En esta revisión se examina la importancia de la investigación en el pasado y los enfoques futuros para la investigación y el desarrollo sobre el control y erradicación de la enfermedad de las Américas.
The contribution made by the Pan American Foot-and Mouth Disease Center to our knowledge of vesicular diseases of animals and, in particular, foot-and-mouth disease, has assisted greatly the control programs initiated during the last four decades. This review examines the relevance of past research and explores future directions for research and development in relation to the control and eradication of the disease from the Americas.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Planos e Programas de Saúde , Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa , Planos e Programas de Saúde , Febre AftosaRESUMO
Este artículo informa los resultados de un estudio para seleccionar las condiciones óptimas de trabajo para la utilización de la cromatografía en capa fina (TLC) en la determinación de los niveles de penicilina, neomicina y polimixina en vacuna oleosa antiaftosa. Se describen los procedimientos de elección para el quiebre de la emulsión y para extraer, purificar, concentrar, identificar y cuantificar los antibióticos. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al exminar por TLC una serie de vacunas oleosas antiaftosa disponibles comercialmente. Los hallazgos se analizan en términos de la aplicación de esta metodología para el control de la calidad de estos inmunógenos y para el estudio de las reacciones posvacunación.
This paper reports the results of a study to select the optimal working conditions for rendering thin layer chromatography (TLC) useful for determining the levels of penicillin, neomycin and polymyxin in FMD oil vaccines. Procedures are described for breaking vaccine emulsions and for extracting, purifying, concentrating, identifying and quantifying the antibiotics contained in them. Subsequently, commercially avaiable FMD oil vaccines were examined by these procedures. Findings are discussed in terms of the application of TLC for quality control of immunogens and for studying post-vaccinal reactions.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Aphthovirus , Antibacterianos , Inoculações Seriadas , Testes Sorológicos , Adjuvante de Freund , Febre Aftosa , Inoculações SeriadasRESUMO
La contribución del Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa para el conocimiento de las enfermedades vesiculares de los animales, especialmente la fiebre aftosa, ha sido de gran transcedencia para los programas de control iniciados durante las últimas cuatro décadas. En esta revisión se examina la importancia de la ingestigación en el pasado y los enfoques futuros para la investigacion y el desarrollo sobre el control y erradicación de la enfermedad de las Américas
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Planos e Programas de Saúde , AméricaRESUMO
El análisis de la bibliografía disponible sobre el aislamiento del virus de la fiebre aftosa reveló que la inoculación de animales de laboratorio con fines diagnósticos no ha sido uniformada. Los estudios realizados sobre la efectividad de las distintas especies difieren metodológicamente entre sí, en lo que respecta a varios parámetros que incluyen la especie, edad, sexo y cepa del huésped, así como la dosis, vía de inoculación y volumen del inóculo. El empleo de virus adaptados a cultivos o a diferentes especies animales representa otra variable, si se considera que su infectividad no sería comparable a la de las cepas de campo. Por ende, se desconoce la susceptibilidad comparativa de las distintas especies de animales de laboratorio para aislar el virus de la fiebre aftosa y consecuentemente, su efectividad diagnóstica en muestras de bovinos infectados naturalmente.
Analysis of the available literature on the isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus revealed that the inoculation of laboratory animals for diagnostic purposes has not been uniform. Studies carried out on the effectiveness of a variety of species differ from each other methodologically in several parameters which include the species, age, sex and strain of host as well as the dose, route of administration, and volume of the inoculum. The use of viruses adapted to culture or to different laboratory animal species represents another variable if it is considered that their infectivity may not be comparable to that of field strains. On this basis, the comparative susceptibility of the different species of laboratory animals to isolate Aphthovirus, and consequently, their disgnostic effectiveness in samples from bovines with natural infections, remains to be determined.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Aphthovirus , Animais de Laboratório , Injeções Subcutâneas , Injeções Intramusculares , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Febre Aftosa , Animais de Laboratório , Injeções Subcutâneas , Injeções Intramusculares , Injeções IntraperitoneaisRESUMO
Los hallazgos del presente estudio demuestran que el hamster es más susceptible a la infección por el virus de la fiebre aftosa que el ratón lactante, habitualmente empleado para efectuar aislamientos de este agente con fines diagnósticos. El hamster mostró una susceptibilidad superior a la inoculación de Aphthovirus obtenidos de bovinos infectados naturalmente. La comparación se basó en las manifestaciones clínicas, el tiempo medio de supervivencia, el porcentaje de mortalidad, la relación entre título y mortalidad, y el comportamiento de la infección en animales destetados. Le siguieron en orden descendente de susceptibilidad los meriones, conejos y cobayos lactantes, mientras que las ratas resistieron a la infección. Los resultados se analizan en términos de su implicancia diagnóstica para estudios epidemiológicos y el control de la enfermedad.
The present findings demonstrate that the hamster is more susceptible to infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus than the sucking mouse, traditionally used for isolating this agent. Hamsters were more sensitive to the inoculation of Aphthovirus obtained from bovines with natural infections. The comparison was based on clinical manifestations, mean survival time, percent mortality, relationship between titer and mortality, and evolution of infection in weanlings. Following in decreasing order of sisceptibility were suckling gerbils, rabbits and guinea pigs, while rats were refractory. The results are discussed in terms of their diagnostic implications for epidemiologic studies and disease control.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Aphthovirus , Animais de Laboratório , Inoculações Seriadas , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Febre Aftosa , Animais de Laboratório , Inoculações Seriadas , Estudos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
En el presente estudio se describe la aplicación de pruebas estandarizadas para el diagnóstico inmunológico de la hidatidosis humana en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Daniel A. Carrión", Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Estas se emplearon para obtener la conformación prequirúrgica de la parasitosis en situaciones clínicas, y para la detección de portadores asintomáticos de quistes hidatídicos mediante encuestas. Los resultados se utilizaron como fuente de datos para evaluar la calidad de la información que sobre el número de casos de la afección en distintas áreas ecológicas, se obtiene a partir de los casos hospitalarios notificados a los niveles oficiales. Los resultados demuestran la utilidad que puede brindar la extensión de la cobertura de los servicios para el inmunodiagnóstico de la hidatidosis a las áreas endémicas del país con fines de atención primaria y vigilancia epidemiológica. Esto permitiría obtener mejor información sobre el impacto que la contaminación ambiental por los huevos de Echinococcus granulosus produce en la población humana y medir los cambios que resultarían de la efectiva aplicación de medidas de control.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Equinococose , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes ImunológicosRESUMO
Se describe el aporte de la prueba de doble disfusion arco 5 (DD5) al diagnostico de la hidatidosis en dos pacientes con operaciones previas. En una de ellas, asintomatica, la reaccion positiva a los cinco anos de su ultima intervencion quirurgica por hidatidosis, permitio diagnosticar la presencia de quistes cuya localizacion abdominal fue establecida por la tomografia axial computada (TAC). En el otro caso, sintomatico, aunque operado de hidatidosis nueve anos antes, la positividad a la DD5 confirmo la etiologia de la enfermedad que se habia sospechado por centellografia, TAC y su historia clinica. En ambos casos, sin embargo, se hallaron en el acto quirurgico otros quistes abdominales cuyas imagenes no habian sido reveladas en los estudios a los que se las habia sometido
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Equinococose , Imunodifusão , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , AbdomeRESUMO
The sequential development of the hydatid immunodiagnostic activities of the control program of the Province of Neuquén, Argentina is described. Test results were used to obtain immunological confirmation of clinical cases and to detect asymptomatic cyst carriers amongst residents of rural endemic areas. The information was also valuable for improving the accuracy of prevalence estimates of human hydatidosis and the quality of surveillance data in different areas of the Province, characterized by varying degrees of environmental contamination by Echinococcus granulosus. In population groups examined by radiologic and immunologic methods, the latter detected more cases. When only immunodiagnostic surveys were carried out, mostly liver but also pulmonary hydatidosis cases were detected. This experience illustrates the advantages which may be obtained in endemic areas through the local application of hydatid immunodiagnosis based on arc 5 positivity.
Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico , Imunodifusão , Imunoeletroforese , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Equinococose/epidemiologia , Equinococose/prevenção & controle , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico , Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactente , Testes de Fixação do LátexRESUMO
More hydatidosis cases were detected in an immunodiagnostic survey of rural schoolchildren from an endemic area in Argentina by the arc 5 double diffusion (DD5) test than by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and latex agglutination (LA) tests. Evidence of infection was obtained by clinical, radiologic, echographic, and/or computerized axial tomography examinations in only one of three DD5-negative individuals, and in 2 of 4 students showing a questionable reaction of identity with arc 5 in DD5, who were positive in LA and/or IHA. In contrast, cysts could be demonstrated in all DD5-positive cases, whether positive or negative in the agglutination procedures. These cysts in DD5-positive cases included the smallest cysts (1-1.2 cm wide) detected in surveys to date. Comparison of data obtained in the immunodiagnostic survey and in a review of hospital records was used to assess the relative contribution of each method in estimating the prevalence of infection. The findings are discussed in terms of the advantages and limitations of carrying out immunodiagnostic surveys of residents of endemic areas for purposes of primary medical care and surveillance.
Assuntos
Equinococose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico , Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Testes de Fixação do Látex , Masculino , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
A retrospective survey of hospital cases to obtain baseline data on hydatid disease in the northwest of the Province of Chubut, Argentina, from 1973 to 1979 revealed annual mean rates that varied between 13.4 and 75.8 confirmed new cases per 100.000 population. Inclusion of data on parasitologically confirmed non-surgical cases and on the geographic origin of patients permitted a more accurate estimate of cases in the four Departments comprised in the study area. Information on cyst location, clinical status at admission, mortality, number of re-operations and length of hospitalization was obtained to assess the public health impact of hydatidosis within the area. The criteria established and methods used to collect this information are described and discussed.
Assuntos
Equinococose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Equinococose/patologia , Equinococose/cirurgia , Equinococose Hepática/epidemiologia , Equinococose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A focus of B. canis infection was identified in Moreno, Argentina, among the stray dog population by serologic methods and confirmed in a second survey which included cultural isolations. A counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique using a specific rough Brucella surface antigen was applied to the serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis. This method was found to be as effective as the mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test and the gel diffusion test in detecting B. canis antibodies in natural and experimentally infected animals. The results are discussed in terms of the diagnostic significance of the three tests employed.
Assuntos
Brucelose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Argentina , Sangue/microbiologia , Brucella/isolamento & purificação , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/microbiologia , Contraimunoeletroforese , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , ImunodifusãoRESUMO
Sera collected during surveys of presumably healthy rural inhabitants of the Provinces of Corrientes and Neuquén, Argentina, were examined for serological evidence of leptospirosis. Significant antibody levels (1:100 or greater) were found in 8.7 per cent of 1,029 sera from residents of Corrientes Province. The most frequent reactions occurred against the serotypes australis, hebdomadis group, pomona, and icterohaemorrhagiae. The predominance of antibodies to the Australis group in the country is new and suggests the emergence of leptospirosis in an unrecognized animal reservoir host. Out of 706 sera collected from rural school students and sera from 71 adults in the Province of Neuquén, only 4 (0.5%) showed leptospiral agglutinin in the microscopic agglutination test and these were only at a 1:100 serum dilution. The higher percentage of reactors in the Corrientes population appears to reflect a more favorable environment and a greater risk of infection.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Leptospira/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Aglutininas/análise , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População RuralRESUMO
Of 1,065 persons sampled during a house-to-house survey of an area of the Department of Curuzú Cuatiá, Province of Corrientes, Argentina, 21 were seropositive to Brucella canis antibodies by the gel-diffusion test, using a saline-extracted B. ovis surface R antigen. Two positive reactors were similarly identified during a survey of rural schools in the Province of Neuquén, which included 887 persons. The findings are discussed in terms of current knowledge of this recently recognized zoonotic infection.