RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nasal sensation of airflow describes the perception of the passage of air through the nose. Nasal obstruction can be assessed using subjective techniques (symptom scores and visual analogue scales [VAS]) and objective techniques (anterior rhinomanometry [RMN], acoustic rhinometry [AR], and peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF]). Few studies have evaluated the correlation between these techniques. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of our study was to determine the degree of correlation between subjective and objective techniques to assess nasal obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal obstruction was assessed using a symptom score, VAS, RMN, AR (minimal cross-sectional area [MCSA] and volume), and PNIF in 184 volunteer physicians. Spearman's rho was recorded. Correlations were considered weak if r ≤ 0.4, moderate if 0.4 < r < 0.8, and strong if r > 0.8. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 37.1 (6.9) years (range, 25-56 years); 61% were women. We found a strong correlation (r > 0.8; p = 0.001) between the different parameters of RMN and a moderate correlation between symptom score and VAS (r = 0.686; p = 0.001) and between MCSA and RMN (resistance) (r = 0.496; p = 0.001) and PNIF (r = 0.459; p = 0.001). The correlations were weak or non-significant for the remaining comparisons. CONCLUSION: Nasal obstruction can be assessed using subjective and objective approaches. The correlations between objective techniques were moderate to strong. In addition, between subjective techniques we reported a moderate correlation. Finally, the correlations between the subjective and objective techniques were weak and absent. These findings suggest that each of the techniques assesses different aspects of nasal obstruction, thus making them complementary.
Assuntos
Obstrução Nasal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Nasal/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Função Respiratória , Rinomanometria , Rinometria Acústica , Escala Visual Analógica , VoluntáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Links between the upper and lower airways have been demonstrated in recent years. However, few studies have evaluated inflammation using noninvasive methods. METHODS: A nasal allergen challenge was performed with pollen outside the pollen season in 30 patients with allergic rhinitis due to pollen but no asthma. Clinical and inflammatory nasal and bronchial responses to nasal allergen challenge were evaluated using the nasal symptoms score (NSS), visual analog scale (VAS), nasal geometry (volume between 2 and 5 cm [Vol2-5]) by acoustic rhinometry, lung function by spirometry, nasal nitric oxide (nNO), and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO). Values were recorded at baseline, 15 minutes, and 2 and 24 hours after challenge. Nasal lavage and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were collected at 2 and 24 hours to assess 8-isoprostane, cys-leukotrienes, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin (IL) 5. RESULTS: NSS and VAS increased significantly at 15 minutes and 2 and 24 hours after challenge. Vol2-5 decreased significantly at 15 minutes and 2 hours, while nNO decreased at 15 minutes. All inflammatory mediators except ECP increased significantly at 2 hours in nasal lavage samples, while ECP, 8-isoprostane, and cys-leukotrienes increased at 24 hours (P < .01). In EBC, 8-isoprostane and cys-leukotrienes increased at 2 and 24 hours (P < .01). No significant changes were found at any time in lung function or eNO. CONCLUSION: Nasal allergen challenge induces clinical and inflammatory responses in the nose and bronchi that can be assessed using noninvasive methods such as nasal lavage, EBC, and nNO.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Asma/etiologia , Testes Respiratórios , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/etiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vasoconstrictor drugs reduce nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro by inhibiting the enzyme involved in the regulation of inducible and constitutive NO synthases (iNOS and cNOS). Intranasal vasoconstrictors also decrease nasal NO concentration in vivo. It is as yet unclear if this last finding is due to the effects of the drug on the enzyme or on the vessels. Physical exercise also induces nasal vasoconstriction and reduces nasal resistance. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms involved in xylometazoline-induced reduction of nasal NO concentration. METHODS: We compared 2 randomized groups of patients with moderate--severe persistent allergic rhinitis. The first group (n = 24) underwent a physiological nasal vasoconstrictor stimulus (exercise) whereas the second group (n = 29) was treated with a nasal vasoconstrictor drug (topical xylometazoline). Nasal volume and NO were determined at baseline and 15 to 20 minutes after the end of each stimulus using acoustic rhinometry and chemiluminescence, respectively. RESULTS: Baseline values of nasal volume and NO did not differ between the 2 groups. Nasal volume increased by 57% (P = .0001) after exercise and 71% (P = .0001) after xylometazoline. Nasal NO decreased (25%, P = .001) after xylometazoline, but not after exercise. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise and topical xylometazoline cause vasoconstriction and similar effects on nasal volume. In contrast nasal NO decreased with xylometazoline but not after exercise. These findings suggest that vasoconstrictor drugs reduce nasal NO by mechanisms other than vasoconstriction.
Assuntos
Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Nariz/fisiologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/metabolismo , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Descongestionantes Nasais/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Nariz/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Humanos , Edema/etiologia , Fatores Etários , Repouso em Cama , Edema/fisiopatologia , Edema/terapia , Espaço ExtracelularRESUMO
El comportamiento impulsivo, hiperactivo y con poca capacidad de atención en niños se considera un trastorno cuando éste es severo, inapropiado y altera las funciones en el hogar y en el colegio. Actualmente existen dos términos para denominar este trastorno: trastorno de déficit atencional con hiperactividad (TDAH) y trastorno hiperkinético (TH), término ya poco usado. Resulta a veces difícil distinguir el TDAH de otras patologías como por ejemplo: trastorno de conducta, trastornos emocionales, síndrome depresivo, problemas de aprendizaje, ya que éstos suelen asociarse a las características que presentan los niños con TDAH
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Clonidina/uso terapêutico , Dextroanfetamina/administração & dosagem , Dextroanfetamina/farmacologia , Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Metilfenidato/administração & dosagem , Metilfenidato/farmacologia , PrognósticoRESUMO
In the present work the effects of movement restriction imposed during the early postweaning period on both Purkinje cell dendritic development and exploratory behavior were analyzed. Male and female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were reared either in isolated-restricted or social-standard environments from postnatal day 18 to 30. On the 31st postnatal day, all rats were behaviorally evaluated by the open-field test and then sacrificed under deep ether anesthesia. Vermian cerebellar sections were later stained with the Golgi-Cox-Sholl method and the Purkinje cell dendritic morphology was quantified under light microscopy. The results indicate that early somatomotor restriction severely impairs both exploratory behavior and Purkinje cell dendritic growth.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Imobilização/efeitos adversos , Células de Purkinje/patologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Estudos de Coortes , Dendritos/patologia , Feminino , Imobilização/fisiologia , Masculino , Células de Purkinje/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the fish market in Granada, South Spain, were surveyed for anisakid nematodes. The fish came from fishing ports all over the country. Larval anisakids were found in 39.4% of the fish examined. In all, 26.1% were infected with third-stage larvae (L3s) of Anisakis simplex; 0.3%, with A. physeteris L3s; 31.1%, with Hysterothylacium aduncum L3s; and 1.7%, with fourth-stage larvae (L4s) of Hysterothylacium sp. Horse mackerel from Mediterranean Sea coast ports (South and Southeast Spain) had the lowest levels of infection and those from Cantabrian Sea coast ports (North Spain) had the highest levels. Variations in infection levels with host size (age) and season of capture were surveyed.
Assuntos
Ascaridoidea/isolamento & purificação , Peixes/parasitologia , Animais , Infecções por Ascaridida/parasitologia , Infecções por Ascaridida/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Parasitologia de Alimentos , Larva , Carne/parasitologia , Estações do Ano , EspanhaRESUMO
Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the fish market in Granada, southern Spain, were surveyed for anisakid nematodes. The fish came from fishing ports all over the country. Larval anisakids were found in 39.4% of the fish examined; 26.1% were infected with third-stage larvae (L3s) of Anisakis simplex; 0.3%, with A. physeteris L3s; 31.1%, with Hysterothylacium aduncum L3s; and 1.7%, with fourth-stage larvae (L4s) of Hysterothylacium sp. Horse mackerel from Mediterranean Sea coastal ports (South and South-east Spain) had the lowest levels of infection, and those from Cantabrian Sea coastal ports (North Spain) had the highest. The variation in infection levels with host size (age) and season of capture are surveyed.
Assuntos
Ascaridoidea/isolamento & purificação , Peixes/parasitologia , Carne/parasitologia , Animais , Ascaridoidea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva , Músculo Esquelético/parasitologia , Estações do Ano , EspanhaRESUMO
To evaluate ovarian luteal function after tubal occlusion, a group of women who underwent Pomeroy sterilization were studied. A prospective group I (n = 16) were followed for one year and scheduled for blood sampling every other day during their luteal phase before surgical procedure and at 3 and 12 months thereafter. Group II (n = 15) included women who were studied during their luteal phase at 1 or 5 years post-surgery. Mid-luteal progesterone and estradiol serum levels were calculated by estimating the average of at least 3 values of serum samples obtained in days 20-25 of a menstrual cycle. The data suggest that no major changes occur in ovarian function after surgical tubal occlusion, as assessed by the mid-luteal hormone serum levels, and underscore the safety of this procedure.
Assuntos
Fase Luteal/fisiologia , Esterilização Tubária/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Corpo Lúteo/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Progesterona/sangue , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
There is enough evidence that prolactin (PRL), like many other pituitary hormones, is composed by multiple forms that differ from each other by size charge. Although they can be seen in the pituitary glands of a variety of species, their biological significance, identity and chemical nature still remain poorly understood. Recently, a new syndrome characterized by normal ovarian function in the presence of sustained hyperprolactinemia has been reported by our group. In these women, highly abnormal percentages of serum big big PRL have been consistently demonstrated. This observation suggests that big big PRL is immunologically similar, but biologically less active than monomeric or little PRL. In this study we have determined then molecular size heterogeneity of immunoreactive PRL in serum and amniotic fluid from two ovulatory hyperprolactinemic subjects (subjects A and B) who had, under non-pregnant conditions, large amounts of serum big big PRL, throughout different stages of parturition. Control subjects consisted of two women at the end of pregnancy in whom PRL species demonstrated a normal size distribution (subjects C and D). Mean basal levels of PRL were the highest in subjects A and B and remained constant during labor. In the control subjects a remarkable decline in PRL levels was observed during the periparturitional period. This pattern of PRL release was not correlated with changes in steroid hormone concentrations. The relative proportions of PRL size variants throughout delivery showed no apparent changes in all four subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Líquido Amniótico/química , Hiperprolactinemia/metabolismo , Ovário/metabolismo , Complicações na Gravidez/metabolismo , Prolactina/química , Adulto , Córion/metabolismo , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperprolactinemia/fisiopatologia , Peso Molecular , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/sangue , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/metabolismo , Período Pós-Parto/sangue , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/metabolismo , Progesterona/sangue , Prolactina/análise , Prolactina/metabolismo , Prolactinoma/complicações , Prolactinoma/metabolismoRESUMO
We have demonstrated the selective secretion of high mol wt PRL series (big big PRL) in women with hyperprolactinemia and normal ovarian function. This observation suggests that big big PRL is immunologically similar, but biologically less active, than monomeric or little PRL. In this study we determined the molecular size heterogeneity of immunoreactive PRL in the serum from two ovulatory hyperprolactinemic women (subjects A and B) who had large amounts of serum big big PRL during a menstrual cycle and/or gestation. Serum samples obtained throughout the menstrual cycle (days 6, 10, 14, 17, 23, and 28, taking as day 1 the first day of bleeding) and pregnancy (weeks 7, 9, 11, 15, 20, 25, 30, 34, and 38) were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. PRL was identified in column eluates by specific RIA. Two additional pregnant women, one with a bromocriptine-treated PRL-secreting adenoma (subject C), and a normal woman (subject D) were studied. Big big PRL was the predominant species throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle in subject B, comprising 70-80% of the total immunoreactive PRL. Most of the remainder was big PRL, and little PRL was present in only small amounts (6-12%) during the luteal phase. During their pregnancies, the serum PRL in subjects A and B initially was mostly big big PRL, but later in gestation the PRL composition shifted from the high mol wt variants to little PRL. The infant's cord (subject A) and peripheral (subject B) serum at birth contained appreciable quantities of big big and big PRL, respectively. These results indicate that structural changes in PRL occur during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle which are probably influenced by the hormonal environment. In addition, the occurrence of larger mol wt PRL species in the serum of the infant of a hyperprolactinemic mother suggests that the presence of high proportions of big big PRL in the serum is genetically determined.