RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a condition associated with aging and multiple medical conditions such as CKD and hypovitaminosis D. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out, based on patients registered in a database of specialized nephrology consultation in the city of Manizales, Colombia. 101 patients over 18 years of age who had stage 3 or 4 CKD were included. RESULTS: The frequency of sarcopenia was 10.9%. No relationship was found between sarcopenia alone and serum vitamin D levels. However, when sarcopenia was categorized as severe there was a direct relationship with hypovitaminosis D. There was also a direct relationship between dynapenia and hypovitaminosis D. In addition, patients who had serum vitamin D levels above 40 ng/ml had better muscle performance, and, consequently, probably a lower risk of frailty. CONCLUSION: When patients, within their treatment, received vitamin D supplementation, no effect on muscle performance was observed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: to establish the renal outcomes of patients needing dialysis due to acute kidney injury who were admitted to the intensive care unit at Hospital Departamental Universitario Santa Sofía de Caldas from 2006 to 2018, and determine the factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: a retrospective cohort study carried out at Hospital Departamental Universitario Santa Sofía de Caldas on 122 patients over the age of 18 who required dialysis in the intensive care unit due to acute kidney injury, from 2006 to 2018. The major adverse kidney events (MAKE) composite outcome was evaluated, composed of partial recovery of kidney function, dialysis dependence and death, with 90-day and one-year follow up. Results: there is a relationship between diabetes, the APACHE II score, metabolic acidosis, anuria and the dialysis start time and MAKE at 90 days and one year. In the logistic regression, patients who developed MAKE at 90 days had a greater probability of having had anuria (OR=6.71; 95%CI: 1,497-30,076), acidosis (OR=4,349; 95%CI: 1,616-11.7) and a late treatment start (OR=3,013; 95%CI: 1,241-7,316). The one-year MAKE showed similar results, with the addition of the continu ous therapy modality (OR=2,841; 95%CI: 1,193-6,763). Conclusions: diabetes, a high APACHE II, anuria, metabolic acidosis and late dialysis treat ment are more frequent in patients who develop MAKE. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2229).

Resumen Objetivo: determinar los desenlaces renales de los pacientes con requerimiento de diálisis por lesión renal aguda, que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Departamental Universitario Santa Sofía de Caldas desde el año 2006 a 2018 y determinar los factores asociados a estos desenlaces. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de cohortes llevado a cabo en el Hospital Departamental Universitario Santa Sofía de Caldas en 122 pacientes mayores de 18 años, que requirieron diálisis por lesión renal aguda en la unidad de cuidado intensivo entre los años 2006 y 2018. Se evaluó el desenlace compuesto del MAKE (Major Adverse Kidney Events) conformado por recuperación parcial de la función renal, dependencia de la diálisis y muerte con seguimiento a los 90 días y un año. Resultados: existe asociación entre diabetes, puntaje APACHE II, acidosis metabólica, anuria y tiempo de inicio de la diálisis con el MAKE a 90 días y al año. En la regresión logística aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron MAKE a los 90 días tenían mayor probabilidad de haber presentado anuria (OR=6.71; IC95%: 1497-30 076), acidosis (OR=4349; IC95%: 1616-11.7) e inicio tardío de la terapia (OR=3013; IC95%: 1241-7316). En el MAKE a un año hubo resultados similares, adicionando modalidad de terapia continua (OR=2841; IC95%: 1193-6763). Conclusiones: diabetes, APACHE II alto, anuria, acidosis metabólica y terapia dialítica tardía son más frecuentes en pacientes que desarrollan MAKE. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2229).

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of diabetic patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Materials and methods: the kidney biopsies of diabetic patients with nephrotic proteinuria were reviewed. Descriptive analyses were performed along with a comparison of three groups according to the histopathological findings. Results: the medical charts of 19 patients from 2018 through 2020 were collected, most of whom (94.7%) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with an average age of 58 years, and an average duration of DM of 9.9 years (SD: ±7.3). The findings from biopsies performed throughout the years prior to data collection showed that 26.3% had diabetic nephropathy as the only finding, 31.6% had a nephropathy other than diabetic nephropathy, and 42.1% had findings of both diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy. A comparison of the groups showed a significant difference in the duration of DM, which was greater in patients with diabetic nephropathy (16.4 vs. 5 vs. 9.5 years, respectively, p: 0.024). Conclusions: we present a case series of diabetic patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria in Colombia, showing that kidney biopsy lesions other than diabetic nephropathy may be a cause of proteinuria. We found that patients with a report of DN alone had a much longer duration of diabetes. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2231).

Resumen Objetivo: describir las características clínicas e histopatológicas de pacientes diabéticos con proteinuria en rango nefrótico. Material y métodos: se revisaron biopsias renales de pacientes diabéticos con proteinuria ne frótica, se realizaron análisis descriptivos y comparación entre tres grupos de acuerdo con hallazgos histopatológicos. Resultados: se recolectaron historias de 19 pacientes, entre los años 2018 y 2020, la mayoría (94.7%) con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2, edad promedio de 58 años, con un tiempo de evolución de la DM en promedio de 9.9 años (DE: ±7.3). En los hallazgos de la biopsia, practica das a lo largo de años anteriores a la recolección, se encontró que 26.3% tenían nefropatía diabética como único hallazgo, el 31.6% otra nefropatía diferente a la diabética y 42.1% hallazgos tanto de nefropatía diabética como no diabética. Al comparar los grupos se encontró diferencia significativa en el tiempo de evolución de la DM, siendo mayor en pacientes con nefropatía diabética (16.4 vs 5 vs 9.5 años respectivamente, p: 0.024). Conclusiones: se presenta una serie de casos de pacientes diabéticos con proteinuria en rango nefrótico en Colombia, mostrando que existen lesiones diferentes a la nefropatía diabética en la biopsia renal como posible causa de la proteinuria. Se encontró que los pacientes en quienes se reportó ND únicamente, tenían un tiempo de evolución de la diabetes mucho mayor. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2231).

RESUMO

Contexto: los cálculos renales son cúmulos o depósitos de minerales que se forman en los cálices, la pelvis renal o el tracto urinario. Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de una muestra de pacientes con litiasis renal, mayores de 18 años. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de pacientes atendidos en una consulta ambulatoria de Nefrología en Manizales en el periodo 2010-2020, donde se contaba con estudios en sangre, orina de 24 horas y estudio fisicoquímico del cálculo, además de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos relacionados. Se fragmentaron en grupos, de acuerdo con los hallazgos encontrados en los cálculos disponibles, dividiéndose en oxalato de calcio en su totalidad, calcio mixto con otro compuesto y el último grupo de cálculo no calcio. Resultados: se identificaron 54 pacientes con nefrolitiasis, de los cuales 14 de ellos fueron excluidos. Finalmente, 40 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La mediana de edad fue 52,5 años, predominio del sexo masculino (55 %), donde se encontró en 20,5 % hiperuricemia, hipercalcemia en 17,6 %, hiperfosfatemia en 5 % e hipercaliemia en 7,5 %. En orina se encontró: hipocitraturia en el 71,1 %, seguido de hipercalciuria (12,5 %), hiperuricosuria (10 %) e hiperoxaluria (5 %). En 17 de los pacientes (42,5 %) se logró el estudio de la composición fisicoquímica del cálculo, en ellos la variedad de calcio mixto fue la más frecuente (55,5 %). Conclusiones: este estudio describe las características de pacientes con cálculos renales, mostrando que la mayoría tiene alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a nefrolitiasis, siendo la hipocitraturia el hallazgo más frecuente y que la mayoría de los cálculos tiene calcio en su composición.

Background: Kidney stones are accumulations or mineral deposits that form in the calyces, renal pelvis, or urinary tract. Purpose: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of patients with kidney stones over 18 years of age. Methodology: Descriptive observational study. Patients treated in an outpatient nephrology and urology consultation in Manizales during the years 2010 to 2020, in which there were studies in blood, 24-hour urine, and a physicochemical study of the stone, as well as related sociodemographic and clinical data. They were divided into groups, according to the findings found in the available stones, dividing into calcium oxalate in its entirety, calcium mixed with another compound and the last group of non-calcium stone. Results: 54 patients with nephrolithiasis were identified, 14 of them were excluded. Finally, 40 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 52.5 years, male predominance (55%), hyperuricemia was found in 20.5%, hypercalcemia in 17.6%, hyperphosphatemia in 5% and hyperkalemia in 7.5%. In urine, hypocitraturia was found in 71.1%, followed by hypercalciuria (12.5%), hyperuricosuria (10%), and hyperoxaluria (5%). In 17 patients (42.5%) there was a result of the physicochemical composition of the stone, in them the mixed calcium variety was the most frequent (55.5%). Conclusions: This study describes the characteristics of patients with kidney stones, showing that the majority have metabolic alterations associated with nephrolithiasis, hypocitraturia being the most frequent finding, and that most stones have calcium in their composition.

RESUMO

Resumen Se reporta una paciente en tratamiento con cloroquina para una artritis reumatoidea de aproximadamente diez años de evolución, con una importante dosis acumulada y en quien se documentó deterioro progresivo de la función renal, proteinuria en rango no nefrótico y compromiso muscular proximal en extremidades. En la biopsia renal se encontró a nivel de podocitos cuerpos de cebra. Se descartó enfermedad de Fabry. Se concluyó fosfolipidosis inducida por medicamentos en este caso por cloroquina. Este reporte de caso nos recuerda la importancia de conocer los posibles efectos colaterales de los medicamentos. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2192).

Abstract This is the report of a patient being treated with chloroquine for an approximately 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis, with a significant cumulative dose and documented progressive kidney function deterioration, non-nephrotic proteinuria and involvement of the proximal muscles of the extremities. The kidney biopsy showed zebra bodies in the podocytes. Fabry disease was ruled out. Medication-induced phospholipidosis was diagnosed, in this case due to chloroquine. This case report reminds us of the importance of being aware of the possible side effects of medications. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2192).

RESUMO

Introducción: La lesión renal aguda asociada con el uso de medios de contrastes yodados (LRA-MCI) es un trastorno iatrogénico con potenciales implicaciones en morbilidad y mortalidad, motivo de preocupación en los servicios de imágenes. Los últimos años han marcado cambios importantes en la concepción que se tiene sobre esta entidad, desde una definición más precisa y su verdadera incidencia hasta el impacto real de algunas estrategias para su prevención.Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para el uso de medios de contraste yodados e n pacientes sometidos a procedimientos radiológicos terapéuticos y de diagnóstico, mediante un consenso de expertos. Metodología: A partir de la formulación de preguntas de investigación relacionadas con la LRA-MCI se realizó la búsqueda de evidencia en PubMed, Embase y Scopus, entre enero de 2013 y agosto de 2022. Los artículos se seleccionaron por medio de una revisión sistemática y con la metodología de consenso Delphi modificado. La calidad de los documentos se valoró aplicando instrumentos de evaluación de calidad de la evidencia de los documentos. Resultados:Se formularon 22 recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes que requieren administración de medio de contraste yodado. Un panel de 11 expertos, entre los que se contó con 4 nefrólogos, 4 radiólogos y 1 nefrólogo pediatra, participaron en la elaboración del consenso en 5 sesiones virtuales y 15 horas de trabajo.Conclusiones: El término lesión renal aguda asociada al uso de medios de contraste yodados (LRA-MCI) debe usarse idealmente y abandonar otras definiciones que infieren una causalidad manifiesta. Su incidencia: los datos recientes demuestran que se ubica muy por debajo de lo tradicionalmente considerado. Solo una baja tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) se considera factor de riesgo independiente. Respecto a su prevención, únicamente la hidratación ha mostrado un potencial beneficio como medida nefroprotectora.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury associated with the use of iodinated contrast media (AKI-ICM) is an iatrogenic disorder with potential implications in morbidity and mortality, a cause for concern in imaging services. The last few years have marked important changes in the conception of this entity, from a more precise definition and its true incidence to the real impact of some strategies for its prevention. Objective: To generate evidence-based recommendations for the use of iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures, by means of an expert consensus. Methodology: Based on the formulation of research questions related to AKI-ICM, a search for evidence was carried out in PubMed, Embase and Scopus, between January 2013 and August 2022. The articles were selected by means of a systematic review and with the modified Delphi consensus methodology. The quality of the papers was assessed by applying paper evidence quality assessment instruments. Results: Twenty-two recommendations were formulated for the management of patients requiring administration of iodinated contrast medium. A panel of 11 experts, including 4 nephrologists, 4 radiologists and 1 pediatric nephrologist, participated in the development of the consensus in 5 virtual sessions and 15 hours of work. Conclusions: The term acute kidney injury associated with the use of iodinated contrast media (AKI-ICM) should ideally be used and other definitions that infer overt causality abandoned. Its incidence: recent data show that it is well below that traditionally considered. Only a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is considered an independent risk factor. Regarding its prevention, only hydration has shown a potential benefit as a nephroprotective measure

Assuntos

RESUMO

Tissue engineering is crucial, since its early adoption focused on designing biocompatible materials that stimulate cell adhesion and proliferation. In this sense, scaffolds made of biocompatible and resistant materials became the researchers' focus on biomedical applications. Humans have used essential oils for a long time to take advantage of their antifungal, insecticide, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, the literature demonstrating the use of essential oils for stimulating biocompatibility in new scaffold designs is scarce. For that reason, this work describes the synthesis of four different film composites of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), essential oil (CS/PVA/TTEO), and the subdermal implantations after 90 days in Wistar rats. According to the Young modulus, DSC, TGA, mechanical studies, and thermal studies, there was a reinforcement effect with the addition of TTEO. Morphology and energy-dispersive (EDX) analysis after the immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) exhibited a light layer of calcium chloride and sodium chloride generated on the material's surface, which is generally related to a bioactive material. Finally, the biocompatibility of the films was comparable with porcine collagen, showing better signs of resorption as the amount of TTEO was increased. These results indicate the potential application of the films in long-term biomedical needs.

RESUMO

Abstract We present the case of a 56-year-old patient with progressive kidney function deterioration whose kidney biopsy reported granulomatous interstitial nephritis. The medical chart was reviewed, and it was noted that the deterioration coincided with the initiation of the medication adalimumab. It was discontinued and steroid plus cytostatic treatment was begun, with improvement. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.2050).

Resumen Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 56 años, quien presenta deterioro progresivo en la función renal, y en quien la biopsia renal reportó nefritis intersticial granulomatosa. Se revisó historia clínica, y se detectó que el deterioro coincidía con el inicio del medicamento adalimumab. Se suspendió, inicio terapia de esteroide más citostático con mejoría. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.2050).

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are neoplasms that occur infrequently, mainly affects children and young adults. It is an intermediate grade fibrotic multinodular neoplasm. DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE: We present the case of a 47-year-old female patient, who underwent emergency umbilical hernioplasty, later developed intestinal obstruction secondary to an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. DISCUSSION: In 1939 Brunn described it for the first time, later in 1954 Umiker named it "Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor". The symptoms are nonspecific. In 15 to 40% of patients they are asymptomatic. Cells positive for actin, smooth muscle, vimentin and desmin, in 3367% of cases the cells are positive for ALK, which is present in some malignant lesions. The recommended treatment is radical resection. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis is established by histopathological study, surgery is the cornerstone of treatment.

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema de salud mundial con una prevalencia aproximada del 7,2 % en países desarrollados y del 10 % en todo el mundo; además, es un factor independiente de morbilidad y riesgo cardiovascular que se caracteriza por la pérdida progresiva de la función renal. Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia de desgaste proteico energético (DPE) en pacientes con ERC en estadios III a IV. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se realizó una evaluación de los registros de las base de datos de la Sociedad Internacional de Nutrición y Metabolismo Renal sobre pacientes con ERC que contaran con variables sociodemográficas, bioquímicas, valoración global subjetiva (VGS) y medidas antropométricas para el diagnóstico de DPE. Resultados: de 200 pacientes revisados en consulta externa de Nefrología, 60 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El promedio de edad fue de 68,4 años, con una media de tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) de 47,1 mL/min. Respecto a la ERC, el 61,66 % (n=37) de los participantes fue clasificado en estadio IIIa; el 31,6 % (n=19), en estadio IIIb, y el 6,66 % (n=4), en estadio IV. Ninguno de los pacientes cumplió con los criterios para el DPE. La evaluación de la VGS mostró que el 53,33 % (n=32) de los pacientes estaba en categoría VGS-A (bien nutridos), el 45 % (n=27) en VGS-B (malnutrición moderada) y solo un paciente en VGS-C (malnutrición grave). La mayor proporción de pacientes con bajos niveles de albúmina y colesterol estuvo en pacientes con ERC en estadio IIIb, y los pacientes con índice de masa corporal <23, en estadios IIIb y IV. Conclusión: según los criterios de la Sociedad Internacional de Nutrición y Metabolismo Renal, ningún paciente presentó DPE.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition that is recognized as a global health problem and has an approximate prevalence of 7.2% in developed countries, and 10% in the world population, it is also an independent factor of cardiovascular morbidity and risk characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of DPE in patients with CKD stages III to IV. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Evaluation of a database of patients with CKD, which will have sociodemographic, biochemical variables, Subjective Global Assessment (VGS), and anthropometric measures, for the diagnosis of DPE of the International Society for Nutrition and Renal Metabolism. Results: Of 200 reviewed patients from the Nephrology outpatient clinic, 60 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 68.4 years, with a mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 47.1ml / min. Regarding CKD, 61.66% (37) of the patients classified in stage IIIa, 31.6% (19) in stage IIIb, and 6.66% (4) in stage IV. None of the patients met the criteria for DPE. The VGS evaluation showed that 53.33% (32) of the patients were in the VGS A category (well nourished), 45% (27) VGS B (moderate malnutrition) and only one patient was classified as VGS C (severe malnutrition). The highest proportion of patients with low levels of albumin and cholesterol was in patients with CKD stage IIIb, and patients with BMI less than 23 in stages IIIb and IV. Conclusion: According to the criteria of the International Society for Renal Nutrition and Metabolism, no patient had DPE. outpatient clinic in Caldas, with CKD stages III to IV-. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Evaluation of a database of patients with CKD, which will have sociodemographic, biochemical variables, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and anthropometric measures, for the diagnosis of PEW of the International Society for Nutrition and Renal Metabolism. RESULTS: Of200 reviewed patients from the Nephrology outpatient clinic, 60 met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 68.4 years, with a mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 47.1ml / min. Regarding CKD, 61.66% (37) of the patients were classified in stage IIIa, 31.6% (19) in stage IIIb, and 6.66% (4) in stage IV. None of the patients met the criteria for PEW. The SGA evaluation showed that 53.33% (32) of the patients were in SGAA category (well nourished), 45% (27) SGA B (moderate malnutrition) and only one patient was classified as SGA C (severe malnutrition). The highest proportion of patients with low albumin and cholesterol levels was in patients with CKD in stage IIIb, and patients with BMI less than 23 in stages IIIb and IV. Conclusion: According to the criteria of the International Society for Nutrition and Renal Metabolism, no patient had PEW.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Revisión narrativa sobre la prevención de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en personal de salud y en especial en los nefrólogos de los servicios de nefrología y unidades de hemodiálisis dada la poca disponibilidad de documentos en la literatura sobre este tema en particular. La escasa literatura no favorece la realización de una revisión sistemática sobre el mencionado tema. El desarrollo de esta revisión incluye una descripción del nuevo virus, sus mecanismos de transmisión, la cadena epidemiológica y sus condiciones de aparición en el panorama mundial, los principales aspectos que favorecen la mayor susceptibilidad del personal de salud y en especial a los nefrólogos. Finalmente se hacen las recomendaciones sobre la prevención, la atención de los casos y el retorno a la actividad laboral.

Abstract Narrative review on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health personnel and especially in nephrologists from nephrology services and hemodialysis units given the limited availability of documents in the literature on this particular topic. The scarce literature does not favor the performance of a systematic review on the mentioned topic. The development of this review includes a description of the new virus, its transmission mechanisms, the epidemiological chain and its appearance conditions on the world scene, the main aspects that favor the greater susceptibility of health personnel and especially nephrologists. Finally, recommendations are made on prevention, case management and return to work.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Tissue paper is of high importance worldwide and, continuously, research is focused on improvements of the softening and durability properties of the paper which depend specifically on the production process. Polyamide-amine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins along with release agents are widely used to adhere the paper to the yankee dryer (creping cylinder) in paper manufacture. Nevertheless, these resins are highly cationic and they normally adhere in excess to the paper which negatively affects the creping process and the quality of the paper. For this reason, a low cationic polyamine-epichlorohydrin coating (Polycoat 38®) was synthesized from a diamine supplied by Disproquin S.A.S. and epichlorohydrin. The analysis of the synthesized polymer was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The molecular weight of the polymer was obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), physical-chemical properties such as kinematic viscosity, percentage of solids, density, charge density were measured and compared with a commercial PAE resin (Dispro620®) Thermal stability of the Polycoat 38® and glass transition temperature in presence of a release agent (Disprosol 17®) were also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Finally, a peel adhesion test and an absorption durability assessment were carried out together with the evaluation of the creeping efficiency of the paper by caliber and tensile measurements in a tissue (towel paper) production plant, demonstrating a superior performance in the paper creping process as compared to some commercially available products.

RESUMO

Introduction: In a high percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) low levels of vitamin D are detected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the native vitamin D therapy (cholecalciferol) in the patients with stage 3 and hypovitaminosis D allows to modify markers of bone and mineral metabolism once normal serum levels have been achieved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From an initial base of 297 patients with CKD and hypovitaminosis D, those with normal or high levels of PTH were chosen for therapy with native vitamin D. The initial administered dose was 1000 IU/day, with adjustments every 4 months of 1000 IU (maximum 4000 IU/day, according to RDA and IOM), until achieving serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D greater than 30 ng/mL and lower than 80 ng/mL. The variables calcium, phosphorus, intact parathormone (iPTH), creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were also evaluated every 4 months. RESULTS: The total number of patients included in this study was 170. Seventy-three patients were excluded along the follow-up: 17 non-responders (never achieved the projected serum levels of vitamin D), and 56 for not completing one year of follow-up. A total of 97 patients were finally included. In 82 patients, follow-up was achieved for 12 months (G1) and in 38 patients for 24 months (G2). In 15 patients despite achieving satisfactory levels of vitamin D at 12 months, it was not possible to obtain adequate levels of iPTH for their GFR according to K/DOQI 2003 guidelines and they were called refractory to therapy (G3). In both groups 1 and 2, a non-significant tendency to increase calcium and serum phosphorus was observed. iPTH decreased significantly at 12 and 24 months follow-up. In group 3, we opted at 12 months for conversion to calcitriol, with a significant reduction in iPTH values. In this group, the initial value of GFR was close to 30 mL/min, and its fall in time more significant than the other two groups to CKD stage 4. CONCLUSION: Cholecalciferol with adjustment in its dose, and obtaining normal serum levels is an excellent therapeutic alternative for the treatment of patients with CKD stage 3, and hypovitaminosis D. In the group of patients with GFR close to 30 mL/min, or lower values (stage 4), and with the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, the use of active form of vitamin D (calcitriol, paricalcitol) is recommended as the first therapeutic alternative.

RESUMO

está disponible en el texto completo

The exponential increase in the request for laboratory tests of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D or [25 (OH) D has ignited the alarms and generated a strong call for attention, since it may reflect deficiencies in the standardization of clinical practice and in the use non-systematic scientific evidence for decision-making in real life, which allows to analyze the indications of the test, its frequency, interpretation and even to assess the impact for health systems, especially when contrasted with the minimum or almost. No effects of the strategy of screening or supplying indiscriminately to the general population, without considering a comprehensive clinical assessment of risks and needs of people. From a purely public health impact point of view, the consequence of massive and unspecified requests is affecting most of the health systems and institutions at the global level. The primary studies that determined average population intake values have been widely used in the formulation of recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines, but unfortunately misinterpreted as cut points to diagnose disease and allow the exaggerated prescription of nutritional substitution. The coefficient of variation in routine tests to measure blood levels of 25 (OH) D is high (28%), decreasing the overall accuracy of the test and simultaneously, increasing both the falsely high and falsely low values. The most recent scientific evidence analyzes and seriously questions the usefulness and the real effect of the massive and indiscriminate practice of prescribing vitamin D without an exhaustive risk analysis. The available evidence is insufficient to recommend a general substitution of vitamin D to prevent fractures, falls, changes in bone mineral density, incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms and also to modify the growth curve of mothers' children. They received vitamin D as a substitute during pregnancy. The recommendations presented in the document are based on the critical analysis of current evidence and the principles of good clinical practice and invite to consider a rational use of 25 (OH) D tests in the context of a clinical practice focused on people and a comprehensive assessment of needs and risks. The principles of good practice suggest that clinicians may be able to justify that the results of the 25 (OH) D test strongly influence and define clinical practice and modify the outcomes that interest people and impact their health and wellness. Currently there is no clarity on how to interpret the results, and the relationship between symptoms and 25 (OH) D levels, which may not be consistent with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency reported. For this reason, it is suggested to review the rationale of the request for tests for systematic monitoring of levels of 25 (OH) D or in all cases where substitution is performed. Consider the use of 25 (OH) D tests within the comprehensive evaluation of people with suspicion or confirmation of the following conditions: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, hyper or hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, sarcopenia, metabolic bone disease.

RESUMO

Red Tilapia is one of the most consumed but perishable fish in the world. As a result, it requires preservation methods for safe consumption without affecting its organoleptic characteristics. Chitosan encapsulating essential oils have shown to be an excellent food conservation method. For that reason, we carried out the study of the protective effect on red Tilapia fillets with chitosan beads (CB) incorporated with Thymus capitatus (TCEO) essential oil at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/L to assess the conservation of the fillets. The TCEO composition was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). For the other side, CB was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The protective effect of the beads was tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria growth for four weeks. The results showed an inhibition effect in Gram-positive bacteria at higher TCEO concentration (1000 and 2000 mg/L). Besides that, the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (T-BNV-N), color, and fillet texture were evaluated as quality attributes. The results suggested that the incorporation of the CB-TCEO allowed a higher contact of the active compounds with the food surface, which reflected more excellent stability. The quality attributes of the fillets were preserved for 26 days, suggesting its uses for the treatment for perishable food.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the last few years, graphene oxide (GO) has gained considerable importance in scaffold preparation for tissue engineering due to the presence of functional groups that allow the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the components of the cellular membrane. The interaction between GO and chitosan (CS) can not only improve the biomechanical properties of the scaffold but also generate a synergistic effect, facilitating tissue recovery. In vivo studies on GO are scarce; therefore, biocompatibility tests on CS-GO scaffolds and bone regeneration experiments on critical size defects were carried out on Wistar rats. Scaffolds made of CS, CS-GO 0.5%, and CS-GO 1% were prepared and implanted on Wistar rats cranial bones for three months. Scaffold samples were analyzed through histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis performed showed reabsorption of the material by phagocytic activity and new bone formation. The CS-GO 0.5% formulation gave the best performance in bone regeneration, with excellent biocompatibility. These results show the potential of this compound for tissue regeneration opening and medical applications.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Fat grafting for gluteal augmentation is one of the most popular aesthetic surgery procedures. It has an associated mortality to fat embolism of 0.2%. Objectives: The authors of this study sought to describe which technique for synthetic graft application was least likely to cause a fat embolism. Methods: Ten fresh bodies were obtained and 4 groups arranged with 5 buttocks each randomly assigned. Group 1 was infiltrated through the upper medial intergluteal sulcus (upper medial intergluteal sulcus) with an angulation of -30°, -10°, and 0°. Group 2 was infiltrated through the middle lower gluteal sulcus with an angulation of -30°, 0°, and +15°. Group 3 was infiltrated through a peritrochanteric (PT) access at the level of the femur head at 0° and +10° and in the middle of the buttock at the level of the posterior superior iliac crest at -30° toward the trochanter (lateral direction). Group 4 was infiltrated in the same manner as group 1 without -30°. A complication occurred when the graft was in contact with the vascular or nervous bundle, within the gluteus medius muscle, or both. Results: Group 1 had 3 buttocks with a complication (UMIGS -30°). Group 2 had complications in all the injection techniques. Group 3 had 5 buttocks with a complication (PT at 0°). Group 4 had no complications. Conclusions: The injection of the fat graft through the UMIGS at 0° and 10° angles, and through the middle of the buttock at the level of posterior superior iliac crest a -30° angle, reaches the surface needed for gluteal augmentation. The group 2 techniques should be avoided because they have a high risk of complication.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To establish if 23 cm length, tunneled catheters, are associated to better outcomes than 19 cm ones. Patients, Materials and Methods: Patients with CKD G5D, which the only vascular access alternative was the femoral vein. In these patients, the performance of different lengths of catheters was compared. Results: During 103 months (from February 2009 to September 2017), 30 femoral tunneled catheters were implanted in 19 patients; 15 each group, mean age was 56.3 years. Thirteen (68.4%) were men. Catheters with similar design, but with different lengths, yield comparable results in patency, complications and cause of removal. Conclusions: We suggest using femoral catheters with lengths from 25 to 55 cm (from the cuff to the tip) to obtain best results because such lengths are necessary to reach positions near the right atrium.

Resumen Objetivo: establecer si la implantación de catéteres femorales tunelizados de 23 cm genera mejores resultados que los de 19 cm . Pacientes, materiales y métodos: pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadio 5, en los que se agotaran todos los accesos vasculares, siendo la vena femoral su última alternativa. En ellos se compararon los resultados en cuanto a eficiencia y complicaciones de implantar catéteres con diferente longitud. Resultados: durante 103 meses (de febrero del 2009 a septiembre del 2017), 30 catéteres femorales tunelizados fueron implantados en 19 pacientes; 15 en cada grupo, edad promedio de los pacientes 56,3 años, 13 (68,4%) hombres. Los dos catéteres con diseño semejante, pero diferente longitud dieron lugar a resultados parecidos en cuanto a tiempo de funcionamiento, complicaciones y motivo de retiro. Conclusiones: sugerimos que los catéteres femorales tunelizados para hemodiálisis deben de tener longitudes entre 28 a 55 cm (del retenedor a la punta) para lograr una mayor eficiencia, longitud suficiente que permita alcanzar territorios cercanos a la aurícula derecha.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Antecedentes: los síndromes renales son manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio que indican alteraciones funcionales y morfológicas. La biopsia renal es fundamental en el diagnóstico de enfermedades renales parenquimales y aporta información valiosa sobre la incidencia, distribución y posible control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas e histológicas de las enfermedades del parénquima renal en una muestra de biopsias renales. Métodos: se incluyeron 269 pacientes mayores de 14 años, a quienes se les realizó biopsia renal por cualquier método. Se clasificaron por indicación de biopsia y por tipo de lesión renal primaria o secundaria. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 57,04 (DE ± 17,17 años). La mediana de creatinina fue 1,51 mg/dl (RIC=1,22 - 2,01); y la de TFG por CKD-EPI, de 42,7 mil/minuto (RIC= 30,6 - 56,5). Las indicaciones de biopsia renal más frecuentes fueron enfermedad renal crónica sin causa clara (46,8 %), proteinuria no nefrótica (20,1 %), síndrome nefrítico (8,2 %), lesión renal aguda (7,1 %), hematuria glomerular con cambio en el patrón (7,1 %), síndrome nefrótico (6,7 %) y tasa de filtración glomerular estimada baja para la edad sin causa clara (4,1 %). Los hallazgos encontrados fueron: nefropatía por IgA (20,9 %), nefropatía hipertensiva (19 %), glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria (11,6 %), nefritis tubulointersticial (9,7 %), glomerulopatía diabética (8,6 %), glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa (3,7 %) y glomerulonefritis proliferativa extracapilar (3,4 %). Conclusiones: la nefropatía por IgA y la glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria son las principales glomerulopatías primarias. La nefropatía hipertensiva y la nefritis tubulointersticial son las principales etiologías secundarias.

Abstract Background: Renal syndromes are clinical and laboratory manifestations that indicate functional and morphological alterations. Renal biopsy is essential in the diagnosis of kidney parenchymal diseases and provides valuable information in incidence, distribution and possible control of the disease. Objective: To describe the clinical and histological characteristics of renal parenchymal diseases in a sample of renal biopsies. Methods: We included 269 patients older than 14 years who underwent renal biopsy by any method. They were classified by indication of biopsy and by type of primary or secondary kidney injury. Results: The average age was 57, 04 (SD ± 17, 17 years). The median creatinine was 1, 51 mg / dL (RIC=1, 22 - 2,01) and the GFR for CKD-EPI was 42,7 mil/minute (RIC=30,6 - 56,5). The most frequent renal biopsy indications were unexplained chronic kidney disease (46,8 %), non-nephrotic proteinuria (20,1 %), nephritic syndrome (8,2 %), acute kidney injury (7,1 %), glomerular hematuria with change in the pattern (7,1 %), nephrotic syndrome (6,7 %) and unexplained low glomerular filtration for age (4,1 %). The most frequent finding were IgA nephropathy (20,9 %), hypertensive nephropathy (19 %), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (11,6 %), tubulointerstitial nephritis (9,7 %), diabetic glomerulopathy (8,6 %), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (3,7 %), extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (3,4 %). Conclusions: IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are the main primary glomerulopathies. Hypertensive nephropathy and tubulointerstitial nephritis are the main secondary etiologies.

Assuntos