RESUMO
The population of international migrants in an irregular situation (IMIS) often finds itself in a condition of particular vulnerability that has an impact on its health. Additionally to this, these migrants face multiple barriers that hinder or even impede their access to health services. This review aims at identifying and describing initiatives that address access to health services in the IMIS population. To this end, a narrative review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Health Systems Evidence, Cochrane, LILACS, and Scielo, between July and August of 2017. Seven hundred and eighty-seven (787) articles were found, of which 26 have been included, accounting for 31 initiatives. Most of these initiatives are located in North America (61%), South-East Asia (10%), and Northern Europe (10%). They refer mostly to primary (48%) and tertiary (52%) services; urgency/emergency services (39%); provide administrative (65%) and financial accessibility (45%); and respond to needs at the "destination" stage of the migration process (97%). It can be concluded that there are several initiatives that deal with the problems faced by the IMIS population in terms of access to healthcare services. However, no initiatives were found aimed at rehabilitation and sexual health; contact and quality, gender perspective, and cultural competence in health.
La población migrante internacional en situación irregular (MISI) suele encontrarse en una condición de particular vulnerabilidad que impacta en su salud, y sumado a esto, enfrenta múltiples barreras que dificultan e incluso impiden su acceso a los servicios de salud. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo identificar y describir iniciativas que abordan el acceso a los servicios de salud en población MISI. Para ello, se realizó una revisión narrativa en PubMed, Embase, Health Systems Evidence, Cochrane, LILACS y Scielo entre julio y agosto de 2017. Se encontraron 787 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 26, los que dieron cuenta de 31 iniciativas. La mayoría de estas iniciativas se sitúan en América Septentrional (61%), Asia Sudoriental (10%) y Europa Septentrional (10%); se refieren mayoritariamente a servicios de nivel primario (48%) y terciario (52%), servicios de urgencia/emergencia (39%), brindan accesibilidad administrativa (65%) y financiera (45%), y responden a necesidades en la etapa de «destino¼ del proceso migratorio (97%). Se puede concluir que existen diversas iniciativas que abordan la problemática del acceso a los servicios de salud de la población MISI. No obstante, no se hallaron iniciativas dirigidas a la rehabilitación y salud sexual; contacto y calidad; perspectiva de género y competencia cultural en salud.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , HumanosRESUMO
RESUMEN La población migrante internacional en situación irregular (MISI) suele encontrarse en una condición de particular vulnerabilidad que impacta en su salud, y sumado a esto, enfrenta múltiples barreras que dificultan e incluso impiden su acceso a los servicios de salud. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo identificar y describir iniciativas que abordan el acceso a los servicios de salud en población MISI. Para ello, se realizó una revisión narrativa en PubMed, Embase, Health Systems Evidence, Cochrane, LILACS y Scielo entre julio y agosto de 2017. Se encontraron 787 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 26, los que dieron cuenta de 31 iniciativas. La mayoría de estas iniciativas se sitúan en América Septentrional (61%), Asia Sudoriental (10%) y Europa Septentrional (10%); se refieren mayoritariamente a servicios de nivel primario (48%) y terciario (52%), servicios de urgencia/emergencia (39%), brindan accesibilidad administrativa (65%) y financiera (45%), y responden a necesidades en la etapa de «destino¼ del proceso migratorio (97%). Se puede concluir que existen diversas iniciativas que abordan la problemática del acceso a los servicios de salud de la población MISI. No obstante, no se hallaron iniciativas dirigidas a la rehabilitación y salud sexual; contacto y calidad; perspectiva de género y competencia cultural en salud.
ABSTRACT The population of international migrants in an irregular situation (IMIS) often finds itself in a condition of particular vulnerability that has an impact on its health. Additionally to this, these migrants face multiple barriers that hinder or even impede their access to health services. This review aims at identifying and describing initiatives that address access to health services in the IMIS population. To this end, a narrative review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Health Systems Evidence, Cochrane, LILACS, and Scielo, between July and August of 2017. Seven hundred and eighty-seven (787) articles were found, of which 26 have been included, accounting for 31 initiatives. Most of these initiatives are located in North America (61%), South-East Asia (10%), and Northern Europe (10%). They refer mostly to primary (48%) and tertiary (52%) services; urgency/emergency services (39%); provide administrative (65%) and financial accessibility (45%); and respond to needs at the "destination" stage of the migration process (97%). It can be concluded that there are several initiatives that deal with the problems faced by the IMIS population in terms of access to healthcare services. However, no initiatives were found aimed at rehabilitation and sexual health; contact and quality, gender perspective, and cultural competence in health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between knowledge level and occupational risk exposure to HIV/AIDS in primary care health workers. METHODOLOGY: Analytical cross-sectional study. 720 health workers from Santiago answered a survey about HIV/AIDS that included: knowledge level (appropriate, inappropriate), occupational risk (with or without risk), and control variables (age, gender, health center, education and marital status). Descriptive and association analysis were performed. Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated through simple and multiple regressions logistics. RESULTS: 58.7% of the participants reported HIV occupational risk. 63.8% of the participants from the exposed group reported an appropriate level of knowledge, versus 36.1% of the non-exposed group (Adjusted OR of 3.1, IC95%OR: 2.0-4.8, p<0.0001). Technicians and cleaning staff reported a lower proportion of appropriate level of knowledge compared to the employees with college education (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The level of HIV/AID occupational risk is directly associated with the level of knowledge of the disease.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of nurses and nursing students towards the people who live with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). METHODOLOGY: Bibliographic study in which six electronic databases were searched using the key words: "attitude", "knowledge", "nursing", perceptions", "HIV/AIDS". Publications between 1998 and 2007 were considered. RESULTS: 560 articles limited by scientific researches or ministerial reports membership were retrieved. Finally a total of 38 publications were selected, the analysis showed that the level of knowledge of nurses and nursing students about PLWHA is good and the attitudes towards HIV/AIDS have improved over time. Nurses and nursing students have been able to identify both positive and negative aspects in the PLWHA care personally and professionally because there is a more favourable perception. CONCLUSION: There are few studies in Latin America and Chile that study the attitudes and knowledge of the studied population towards PLWHA. According to publications found the knowledge and attitudes have improved because the perception is more favourable.