RESUMO

Introduction: Health workers are exposed to a wide variety of risks in their workplaces, including psychosocial risks, which are increasingly taking on special importance, with primary health care being little studied in this area, despite having taken great responsibilities in the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between psychosocial risks and quality of life in health team workers in Family Health Centers Antofagasta, Chile, in 2021, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a quantitative study, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional type with 78 workers from the Primary Care health team of three Family Health Centers in the city of Antofagasta. The Superintendência de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud 21 brief version and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version instrument were applied. Results: The presence of a globally high psychosocial risk stands out, being this classified as high risk/level 1. The professional groups with the highest risks were nursing technicians and nurses; regarding quality of life, the dimension with the lowest score was psychological health, with a mean of 73.6. Conclusions: A negative relationship between psychosocial risks in the workplace and workers' quality of life was evidenced In this hostile scenario, it is imperative that nurses, at a tactical and strategic level, promote workers' health, cultivate healthy work environments, promote labor relations, and exercise more empathetic leadership as care managers.

Introducción: Los trabajadores de la salud están expuestos a una gran variedad de riesgos en sus lugares de trabajos, incluyendo los riesgos psicosociales, que cada vez toman una especial importancia, siendo la atención primaria de la salud pobremente abordada en esta área, pese a que haya asumido grandes responsabilidades en la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivos: Analizar la relación de los riesgos psicosociales y la calidad de vida en trabajadores del equipo de salud en Centros de Salud Familiar de Antofagasta, Chile, en 2021, en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con 78 trabajadores del equipo de salud de Atención Primaria de tres Centros de Salud Familiar de la ciudad de Antofagasta. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Superintendencia de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud 21 version breve y World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version. Resultados: Se destaca la presencia de un riesgo psicosocial elevado de manera global, siendo este clasificado como riesgo alto/nivel 1. Los estamentos con mayores riesgos fueron los técnicos de enfermería y enfermería; en lo referente a la calidad de vida, la dimension con menor puntaje fue la salud psicológica, con media de 73,6. Conclusiones: Se evidenció una relación negativa entre riesgos psicosociales en el lugar de trabajo y calidad de vida de los trabajadores. Ante este escenario hostil, se hace perentorio que los enfermeros, a nivel táctico y estratégico, promuevan la salud de los trabajadores, cultiven ambientes laborales saludables, favorezcan las relaciones laborales y ejerzan un liderazgo más empático como gestores del cuidado.

RESUMO

RESUMEN Enfermería corresponde al grupo ocupacional más numeroso del sector de la salud, representando aproximadamente el 59 % de las profesiones sanitarias, lo que proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud mundial; sin embargo, el panorama para enfermería no está exento de dificultades, pues corresponde a un estamento que no desarrolla su quehacer en ambientes óptimos, muchas veces tiene que desarrollarse con escaso apoyo de los gobiernos y no tiene el reconocimiento que se merece. Esta reflexión responde al objetivo de relevar la importancia de enfermería en los sistemas de salud, y a su vez, exponer los principales desafíos pendientes para el fortalecimiento de la salud pública. Se han descrito copiosos beneficios asociados a la atención de enfermería, contribuyendo al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, en los que enfermería desempeña un rol protagónico en el proceso; sin embargo, las políticas de los países deben desarrollar estrategias para promover su desarrollo, como lo es la enfermería de práctica avanzada; por otro lado, las enfermeras líderes deben concentrar los esfuerzos en estimular a los gobiernos y autoridades a trabajar de manera mancomunada en las mejoras de las condiciones laborales de enfermería. Los autores de nuestro tiempo destacan la necesidad de un trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario para el logro de las necesidades de la población.

ABSTRACT Nursing is the largest occupational group in the health sector, representing approximately 59 % of the health professions, which provides great benefits for global health, however, the outlook for nursing is not without difficulties, as it is a profession that does not develop its work in optimal environments, often must develop with little support from governments and does not have the recognition it deserves. The present reflection responds to the objective of highlighting the importance of nursing in health systems, and at the same time, to expose the main pending challenges for the strengthening of public health. Copious benefits associated with nursing care have been described, contributing to the achievement of the sustainable development objectives, where nursing plays a leading role in the process, however, the policies of the countries should develop strategies to promote its development, such as advanced practice nursing, on the other hand, nurse leaders should concentrate their efforts to encourage governments and authorities to work together to improve the working conditions of nurses; the present authors highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaborative work to achieve the needs of the population.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Occupational health nursing plays a fundamental role in addressing the health of the working population; however, training in this area differs around the world in terms of levels, duration, content, and requirements, and the current situation in Latin American countries is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze undergraduate nursing education in occupational health from an international perspective considering Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, descriptive study, based on bibliographic methodology, whose sample was documentary, consulting government databases in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. FINDINGS: Heterogeneity was identified within the training in the countries analyzed, with a small number of courses in the course structures; in most cases, the courses were taught in the last years of training and predominantly as elective courses. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that training centers develop programs associated with occupational nursing, which is considered an imperative to strengthen public health in developing countries and an ethical and equitable response to the working population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El paciente en estado crítico reviste una especial importancia al desarrollar investigaciones, debido a que ha perdido o visto reducida su autonomía. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar el uso de los principios éticos de Ezequiel J. Emanuel, como guía en el desarrollo de investigaciones en pacientes críticos. Se realizó una revisión integrativa en las bases de datos WoS, PUBMED, SCOPUS y SciELO, y se encontraron 545 artículos de los cuales ocho cumplieron con los criterios previamente definidos. En estos se identificó la descripción de los ocho principios de Emanuel, los cuales demostraron constituir un marco integral y sistemático de utilidad para orientar la conducta ética en la población analizada, siendo la 'validez científica' el principio más descrito en la investigación del paciente crítico, seguido del principio de 'consentimiento informado'.

The critically ill patient is of special importance in the development of research, due to the fact that he/she has lost or had his/her autonomy reduced. The aim of the present study was to identify the ethical principles of Ezekiel Emanuel, as a guide in the development of research in critically ill patients. An integrative review was carried out in the WoS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, SciELO databases, 545 articles were identified, of which eight met the previously defined criteria. The description of Emanuel's eight principles was identified, which proved to be a comprehensive and systematic framework to guide ethical conduct in the population analyzed, with scientific validity being the most described principle in critical patient research, followed by the principle of informed consent.

O doente crítico é de particular importância no desenvolvimento da investigação devido à perda ou redução da autonomia do doente. O objectivo deste estudo era identificar os princípios éticos de Ezequiel Emanuel como guia no desenvolvimento da investigação em pacientes gravemente doentes. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados WoS, PUBMED, SCOPUS e SciELO, foram identificados 545 artigos, dos quais oito preenchiam os critérios previamente definidos. Foi identificada a descrição dos oito princípios de Emanuel, que provou ser um quadro abrangente e sistemático para orientar a conduta ética na população analisada, sendo a validade científica o princípio mais descrito na investigação crítica dos pacientes, seguido pelo princípio do consentimento informado.

RESUMO

Artículo de revisión que responde al objetivo de identificar las principales consideraciones éticas que los investigadores han de contemplar en el desarrollo de una investigación etnográfica institucional. Se realizó una revisión del estado del arte, analizando 298 tesis de posgrado. Tras la aplicación de criterios de inclusión, exclusión y eliminación de duplicados, quedaron 14 documentos, los que conformaron la muestra final. Las consideraciones éticas identificadas se estructuraron en tres grupos "planificación y aspectos metodológicos", "recolección de los datos" y "análisis, presentación de los resultados y manejo de los datos tras la finalización del estudio". Los resultados identificados se asocian a la esencia distintiva de la etnografía institucional como enfoque incipiente, pues uno de los aspectos que se aprenden en dicha etnografía es el sentido de observar cómo las personas organizan las cosas, lo que está directamente asociado a la forma de recolección de los datos desarrollada por el investigador. Conclusión: se identificaron 22 consideraciones, siendo la recolección de los datos la que presentó más elementos descritos; se revela la importancia del anonimato de los informantes, terceros involucrados y de la misma institución donde se desarrolla el estudio, pues fue la principal consideración ética distintiva del enfoque incipiente.

This review article aims to identify the primary ethical considerations researchers must have in conducting institutional ethnographic research. A state-of-the-art review was conducted, analyzing 298 theses/dissertations. After applying inclusion, exclusion, and duplicate elimination criteria, 14 documents formed the final sample. The ethical considerations identified were structured into three groups: "planning and methodological aspects," "data collection," and "analysis, result presentation, and data management after study completion." The results identified are associated with the distinctive essence of institutional ethnography as an incipient approach since one of the aspects learned in such ethnography is observing how people organize things, which is directly associated with the researcher's form of data collection. Twenty-two considerations were identified, with data collection having the most elements described. Moreover, the importance of the anonymity of informants, third parties involved, and the institution where the study is a distinguishing ethical consideration of the incipient approach.

Artigo de revisão que responde ao objetivo de identificar as principais considerações éticas que os pesquisadores devem ter no desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa etnográfica institucional. Foi efetuada uma revisão do estado da arte, a partir da qual foram analisadas 298 teses de pós-graduação. Após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão e a eliminação de duplicados, restaram 14 documentos, que constituíram a amostra final. As considerações éticas identificadas foram estruturadas em três grupos: "planejamento e aspectos metodológicos", "coleta de dados" e "análise, apresentação dos resultados e tratamento dos dados após a conclusão do estudo". Os resultados identificados estão associados à essência distintiva da etnografia institucional enquanto abordagem incipiente, uma vez que um dos aspectos apreendidos nessa etnografia é o sentido de observar como as pessoas organizam as coisas, o que está diretamente associado à forma de coleta de dados desenvolvida pelo pesquisador. Conclusões: foram identificadas 22 considerações, sendo que a coleta de dados foi a que apresentou mais elementos descritos; destaca-se a importância do anonimato dos informantes, dos terceiros envolvidos e da mesma instituição onde se desenvolveu o estudo, pois foram as principais considerações éticas distintivas da abordagem incipiente.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 1984, the joint WHO/ILO committee, postulated a definition of psychosocial risks at work, responding to a need in a specific context. However, with the evolution of the working and personal conditions of workers, this definition is progressively considered to be insolvent, ambiguous, with false breadth and omissions. AIM: To analyze the concept of «psychosocial risk at work» and to establish a clear definition based on evidence from the existing literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of the concept, based on Walker and Avant's proposal was carried out. It encompasses eight steps, namely the selection of the concept, determination of the objectives or purposes of the analysis, identification of all possible uses of the concept, determination of defining attributes, identification of a model case, identification of borderline cases, identification of background and consequences and definition of empirical references. RESULTS: The defining attributes of the construct are quantity, rhythm, complexity, content, control, diversity, schedule, flexibility or meaning of the work, perceived as inappropriate by the worker. Also, preoccupation associated with domestic chores and attention to the needs of others, lack of clarity about the role in the job position, deficient personal and professional development of the worker, adverse work environment, organizational aspects that harm the worker, technological demands incompatible with the worker's capabilities and needs and finally, inadequate social relations at work. CONCLUSIONS: The construct background is grouped into elements attributed to the worker and attributed to the labor. The concept attributes were organized into eight dimensions, and the consequences were classified as the personal effects on the worker and those associated with the labor.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción. Las minorías sexuales y de género tienen una historia de larga data de discriminación y abuso dentro de la investigación, tales como castración involuntaria, inyecciones hormonales, terapias conductuales, tratamientos de choque e institucionalización, revelando la necesidad de conocer los resguardos éticos que se deben considerar. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las consideraciones éticas involucradas en el desarrollo de investigación en minorías sexuales y de género. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión integrativa, consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus; se revisaron 258 artículos en extenso, seleccionando 14 de acuerdo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos en español e inglés publicados desde el 2017 hasta junio del 2022, que declaren aspectos éticos en la investigación con minorías sexuales y de género. Los criterios de exclusión correspondieron a cartas al director, editoriales, capítulos de libros, tesis, conferencias y ensayos. Resultados. Las consideraciones fueron agrupadas en preparación de la investigación y aprobación del comité de ética; recogida de datos; análisis y presentación de los resultados; consideraciones en autores y académicos transgéneros. Discusión. La comunidad científica coincide en la necesidad de considerar la vulnerabilidad de la población de las lesbianas, homosexuales, bisexuales, transgéneros, queer y personas con otras identidades y orientaciones de género, tributando a estudios que contemplen sus singularidades. Conclusión. Se reitera la importancia de considerar a la población de minorías sexuales y de género, la utilización de muestras representativas, el resguardo del anonimato y el empleo de un lenguaje inclusivo. Palabras clave: Minorías Sexuales y de Género; Ética; Investigación; Investigación en Enfermería; Poblaciones vulnerables

Introduction. Sexual and gender minorities have a long history of discrimination and abuse within research, with practices such as involuntary castration, hormone injections, behavioral therapies, shock treatments, and institutionalization. This discrimination and abuse reveal the need to understand the ethical safeguards involved when conducting research that includes this population. This article aims to identify the ethical considerations that must be considered when developing research involving sexual and gender minorities. Methods. An integrative review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, resulting in 258 fulllength articles. From these, 14 articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria: articles published in Spanish or English between 2017 and June 2022 that addressed ethical aspects in research involving sexual and gender minorities. Exclusion criteria included letters to the editor, editorials, book chapters, theses, conferences, and essays. Results. The considerations were grouped into research preparation and ethics committee approval, data collection, analysis and presentation of results, and considerations regarding transgender authors and academics. Discussion. The scientific community acknowledges the importance of recognizing the vulnerability of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender identity and sexual-oriented populations. This recognition is crucial for supporting research that adequately addresses their unique characteristics and needs. Conclusion. The importance of acknowledging the population of sexual and gender minorities is emphasized, along with the use of representative samples, ensuring anonymity, and employing inclusive language. Keywords: Sexual and Gender Minorities; Ethics; Research; Nursing Research; Vulnerable Populations

Introdução. As minorias sexuais e de género têm uma longa história de discriminação e abuso no ámbito da pesquisa, tais como castração involuntária, injeções hormonais, terapias comportamentais, tratamentos de choque e institucionalização, revelando a necessidade de estar consciente das salvaguardas éticas que devem ser consideradas. O objetivo do artigo é identificar as considerações éticas envolvidas na realização de pesquisas sobre minorias sexuais e de gênero. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus. Foram revisados na íntegra 258 artigos, selecionando 14 de acordo com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos em espanhol e inglês publicados de 2017 a junho de 2022, que declarem aspectos éticos nas pesquisas com minorias sexuais e de gênero. Os critérios de exclusão corresponderam a cartas ao editor, editoriais, capítulos de livros, teses, conferências e ensaios. Resultados. As considerações foram agrupadas em preparação da pesquisa e aprovação do comitê de ética; coleta de dados; análise e apresentação de resultados; considerações em autores e acadêmicos transgêneros. Discussão. A comunidade científica concorda com a necessidade de considerar a vulnerabilidade da população lésbica, Homossexuais, bissexual, transgénero, queer e de pessoas com outras identidades e orientações de género, contribuindo para estudos que tenham em conta as suas singularidades. Conclusão. Reitera-se a importancia de considerar a população de minorias sexuais e de género, o uso de amostras representativas, a proteção do anonimato e o uso de linguagem inclusiva. Palavras-chave: Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero; Ética; Pesquisa; Pesquisa em Enfermagem; Populações Vulneráveis

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 1984, the joint WHO/ILO committee, postulated a definition of psychosocial risks at work, responding to a need in a specific context. However, with the evolution of the working and personal conditions of workers, this definition is progressively considered to be insolvent, ambiguous, with false breadth and omissions. AIM: To analyze the concept of «psychosocial risk at work¼ and to establish a clear definition based on evidence from the existing literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of the concept, based on Walker and Avant's proposal was carried out. It encompasses eight steps, namely the selection of the concept, determination of the objectives or purposes of the analysis, identification of all possible uses of the concept, determination of defining attributes, identification of a model case, identification of borderline cases, identification of background and consequences and definition of empirical references. RESULTS: The defining attributes of the construct are quantity, rhythm, complexity, content, control, diversity, schedule, flexibility or meaning of the work, perceived as inappropriate by the worker. Also, preoccupation associated with domestic chores and attention to the needs of others, lack of clarity about the role in the job position, deficient personal and professional development of the worker, adverse work environment, organizational aspects that harm the worker, technological demands incompatible with the worker's capabilities and needs and finally, inadequate social relations at work. CONCLUSIONS: The construct background is grouped into elements attributed to the worker and attributed to the labor. The concept attributes were organized into eight dimensions, and the consequences were classified as the personal effects on the worker and those associated with the labor.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación de teorías es un proceso crucial para el desarrollo del conocimiento enfermero, permite seleccionar y utilizar la teoría en función de los problemas y fenómenos del cuidado, sin embargo, es escasamente realizada, especialmente en teorías de otras disciplinas. OBJETIVO: Analizar críticamente el modelo de calidad de la atención de salud de Donabedian, a través de la propuesta metodológica de Chinn y Kramer. DESARROLLO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-reflexivo del componente teórico y conceptual del modelo de Donabedian, se explica el propósito, conceptos, relaciones, estructura y supuestos. Se continua con la evaluación crítica del modelo, analizada bajo los criterios de claridad, sencillez, generalidad, accesibilidad e importancia, a través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura. CONCLUSIÓN: el modelo es útil para la gestión, los procesos de mejora, evaluación de estrategias y programas. Con valor para enfermería, puesto que coinciden en el significado e importancia otorgada a la calidad de la atención, reconociendo su contribución en la implementación, desarrollo de intervenciones y mejoramiento de la salud.

NTRODUCTION: The evaluation of theories is a crucial process for the development of nursing knowledge, as it allows the selection and use of such theories to address the problems of patient care. However, it is scarcely performed, especially with theoriesfrom disciplines other than nursing. OBJECTIVE: To critically analyze the Donabedian model of health care quality, through the methodological approach of Chinn and Kramer (1999). METHODOLOGY: A descriptive-reflexive study of the theoretical and conceptualcomponent of the Donabedian model was carried out, explaining its purpose, concepts, relationships, structure, and assumptions. A critical evaluation of the model was then conducted, using the criteria of clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility, and importance, through a narrative review of the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The model is useful for management, improvement processes, and the evaluation of strategies and programs. It is especially valuable for nursing, since it coincides with the meaning and importance given to the quality of nursing care, recognizing its contribution in the development and implementation of interventions and improvement of health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Occupational health nursing, formerly known as industrial nursing, which in turn has its foundations in public health, develops preventive, assistance, legal, and expert activities, as well as management, teaching, and research, the last of which updates knowledge and provides answers to questions arising from clinical experience. The aim of this article was to analyze the scientific production about occupational health nursing in Scopus and Web of Science databases. This is a retrospective, descriptive, bibliometric study on the scientific production about occupational health nursing in which scientific evidence was analyzed and characterized using Bibliometrix software. An unequal scientific production was evidenced, with a higher proportion of publications in countries such as the United States, South Korea, Brazil, and Spain; furthermore, there has been a sustained growth in the number of publications, whose topics of greatest interest were associated with health, risks, exposures, and care.

La enfermería de salud laboral, antiguamente denominada enfermería industrial, que a su vez presenta sus cimientos en la salud pública, desarrolla actividades preventivas, asistenciales, legales y periciales, gestión, docencia e investigación, esta última, actualiza el conocimiento y da respuesta a preguntas que nacen de la experiencia clínica. El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar la producción científica en enfermería del trabajo en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. Se trata de un estudio bibliométrico, retrospectivo y descriptivo sobre la producción científica de enfermería del trabajo; para ello, se analizó y caracterizó la evidencia científica, a través del software Bibliometrix. Se evidenció una producción científica desigual, con una mayor representación en países como Estados Unidos, Corea del Sur, Brasil y España; adernás, se identificó un crecimiento sostenido en el número de publicaciones, cuyos tópicos de mayor interés han sido asociados a la salud, los riesgos, exposiciones y el cuidado.

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: Los trabajadores que se dedican al rubro de conducción están expuestos a factores que dificultan su quehacer laboral, tales como: problemas asociados a la temperatura, ruidos y vibraciones, ventilación insuficiente e ineficiente, atascos y relacionamientos interpersonales con los pasajeros. Objetivo: Identificar, en el estado del arte disponible, qué intervenciones promueven la salud de los conductores profesionales. Material y método: Revisión sistemática, siguiendo las recomendaciones de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), orientada por la pregunta: ¿qué intervenciones promueven la salud de los conductores profesionales? Resultados: La búsqueda arrojó 1303 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 11; las intervenciones identificadas se asociaron a dispositivos portátiles y mensajería de salud móvil, entrevistas motivacionales, documentos interactivos, exposición a entornos naturales, programas intensivos, asesoramiento, cambios a nivel de políticas, cambios ambientales y de sistemas. Conclusión: Se identificaron intervenciones que incluyeron a la tecnología, entrevistas, el ambiente y control estratégico. Se recomienda la implementación de las intervenciones identificadas, pues se torna perentorio el abordaje de la salud de los conductores profesionales, considerando las características descritas en el presente estudio.

Resumo: Introdução: Os trabalhadores envolvidos na condução estão expostos a fatores que dificultam o seu trabalho, tais como: problemas associados à temperatura, ruído e vibrações, ventilação insuficiente e ineficiente, engarrafamentos e relações interpessoais com os passageiros. Objetivo: Identificar, a partir do estado da arte disponível, quais as intervenções que promovem a saúde dos condutores profissionais. Método: Revisão sistemática, seguindo as recomendações dos itens Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews e Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), orientada pela pergunta: Quais intervenções promovem a saúde dos condutores profissionais? Resultados: A pesquisa produziu 1303 artigos, dos quais 11 foram incluídos; as intervenções identificadas foram associadas a dispositivos portáteis e mensagens de saúde móveis, entrevistas motivacionais, documentos interativos, exposição a ambientes naturais, programas intensivos, aconselhamento, mudanças a nível político, mudanças ambientais e de sistemas. Conclusão: Foram identificadas intervenções que incluíram tecnologia, entrevistas, ambiente e controle estratégico; recomenda-se a implementação das intervenções identificadas, pois é imperativo abordar a saúde dos condutores profissionais, considerando as características descritas no presente estudo.

Abstract: Introduction: Workers engaged in the driving field are exposed to factors that hinder their work tasks, such as: problems associated with temperature, noise and vibrations, insufficient and inefficient ventilation, traffic jams and interpersonal relationships with passengers. Objective: To identify, in the available state of the art, which interventions promote the health of professional drivers. Method: Systematic review, following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), guided by the question: what interventions promote the health of professional drivers? Results: The search yielded 1303 articles, of which 11 were included; the interventions identified were associated with handheld devices and mobile health messaging, motivational interviewing, interactive documents, exposure to natural environments, intensive programs, counseling, policy-level changes, environmental and systems changes. Conclusion: Interventions were identified that included technology, interviews, the environment and strategic control; the implementation of the identified interventions is recommended, since it is urgent to address the health of professional drivers, considering the characteristics described in this study.

RESUMO

Introducción: El fenómeno "techo de cristal", es un término denominado de esta forma por un movimiento feminista de los años ochenta en los Estados Unidos, el cual hace referencia a la barrera "invisible" que impide el progreso de las mujeres en su carrera laboral. Objetivo: Analizar en el estado del arte disponible, la presencia del fenómeno techo de cristal en enfermería. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa basada en las cinco etapas de Crossetti, utilizando descriptores (enfermería, consejo directivo, supervisión de enfermería, liderazgo, inequidad de género y sexismo) validados en el tesauro DeCS y unidas con el booleano AND, en las bases de datos WOS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIELO y BVS. Resultados: Tras la aplicación de los descriptores y estrategias de búsqueda se localizaron 133 artículos, posterior a la aplicación de filtros se seleccionan 43 artículos, tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvieron 6 artículos, luego se complementó con una búsqueda manual localizando 2 artículos, conformándose una muestra de 8 documentos, se aplicó una propuesta de escala que asegura la calidad de la muestra, quedando 7 artículos. Discusión: Todos los artículos seleccionados expresaban una escasa representatividad femenina de enfermería en puestos directivos, se destaca que los hombres son mejor recompensados en términos de remuneración, avance profesional, ocupación de puestos mejores y más prestigiosos. Conclusiones: Los artículos analizados muestran la presencia del fenómeno techo de cristal, donde las mujeres enfermeras presentan más dificultades que los hombres para acceder a cargos directivos, con una aparente etiología marcada meramente por el género.

Introduction: The glass ceiling effect is a term named after a feminist movement in the 1980s in the United States referring to an "invisible" barrier that impedes women's progress in their working careers. Objective: To analyze the presence of the glass ceiling effect in nursing in the available state of the art. Materials and Methods: An integrative review was conducted following Crossetti's five steps and using descriptors such as nursing, board of directors, nursing supervision, leadership, gender inequality and sexism, which have been validated in DeCS thesaurus and linked with the Boolean And operation on WoS, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and BVS databases. Results: After applying descriptors and search strategies, 133 articles were initially retrieved of which, after applying filters, 43 articles were selected to finally obtain 6 articles after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a manual search, 2 articles were found to make a sample of 8 articles on which a scaling proposal was applied to ensure sample quality, resulting in 7 articles. Discussion: Selected articles indicated limited female representation of nurses in managerial positions, emphasizing that men are better compensated in terms of remuneration, professional advancement, and better and more prestigious positions. Conclusions: Analyzed articles reflect the presence of the glass ceiling effect in which female nurses have more difficulties than men in accessing managerial positions by an apparent etiology merely marked by gender.

Introdução: O fenômeno do "teto de vidro", é um termo que leva o nome de um movimento feminista dos anos 80 nos Estados Unidos, que se refere à barreira "invisível" que impede o progresso das mulheres em suas carreiras profissionais. Objetivo: Analisar o estado da arte disponível sobre a presença do fenômeno do teto de vidro na enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: Uma revisão integrativa foi realizada com base nos cinco estágios de Crossetti, utilizando descritores (enfermagem, diretoria, supervisão de enfermagem, liderança, desigualdade de gênero e sexismo) validados no thesaurus DeCS e ligados ao booleano AND, nas bases de dados WOS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, SCIELO e BVS. Resultados: Após a aplicação dos descritores e estratégias de pesquisa, foram localizados 133 artigos, após a aplicação dos filtros foram selecionados 43 artigos, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram obtidos 6 artigos, depois uma pesquisa manual foi realizada e foram encontrados 2 artigos, formando uma amostra de 8 documentos, uma escala proposta foi aplicada para garantir a qualidade da amostra, deixando 7 artigos. Discussão: Todos os artigos selecionados expressaram uma escassa representação feminina de enfermagem em cargos de direção, destacando-se que os homens são mais bem recompensados em termos de remuneração, ascensão profissional, ocupação de cargos melhores e mais prestigiados. Conclusões: Os artigos analisados mostram a presença do fenômeno do teto de vidro, onde as enfermeiras apresentam mais dificuldades do que os homens no acesso a cargos de gerência, com uma aparente etiologia marcada puramente pelo gênero.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Artículo teórico-reflexivo que responde al objetivo de generar lineamientos para el abordaje de daños en el ámbito emocional en investigaciones con seres humanos. Utilizando directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario y, como referente, a la teorista Joyce Travelbee, se genera un diagrama de flujo como propuesta para protocolizar el abordaje de daños emocionales en investigación con seres humanos, con base en la formalidad, la rigurosidad y la empatía que requiere el proceso de ayuda ante potenciales daños generados en una investigación. Esto debido a que resulta perentorio presentar guías predefinidas en cualquier investigación que, tras un minucioso análisis, presente el riesgo de compromiso emocional en los participantes.

This theoretical-reflexive article aims to draw up guidelines for addressing emotional distress in research with human beings. Using guidelines from the World Health Organization, the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, and, as a reference, the theorist Joyce Travelbee, we propose a flowchart to protocolize the approach to emotional distress in research with human beings based on the formality, rigor, and empathy required by the aid process in the face of potential damage. Thus, it is imperative to have predefined guidelines in any study that, after careful analysis, poses the risk of emotional compromise for participants.

Trata-se de artigo teórico-reflexivo que atende ao objetivo de gerar lineamentos para a abordagem de danos no âmbito emocional em pesquisas com seres humanos. A partir da utilização das diretrizes da Organização Mundial da Saúde, da Associação Profissional de Enfermeiras de Ontario e, como referente, a teórica Joyce Travelbee, é gerado um diagrama de fluxo como proposta para protocolizar a abordagem de danos emocionais em pesquisa com seres humanos, com base na formalidade, na rigorosidade e na empatia que o processo de ajuda requer ante potenciais danos gerados numa pesquisa. Isso devido a que se torna relevante apresentar guias predefinidos em qualquer pesquisa que, após minuciosa análise, apresente o risco do comprometimento emocional nos participantes.

RESUMO

Psychosocial risks circumscribe a relationship between the individual and the environment where they work, including from physical, social and organizational aspects of work, which, depending on personal capacities, can be potentially harmful to the health of workers. The entire world is currently witnessing one of the greatest health crises of the 21st century, due to a new type of disease-causing virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study aimed to survey the importance of psychosocial risks in health care professionals, based on evidence collected in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an analytical article whose guiding question was: what sources of psychosocial risks are present in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic? A total of 29 documents were included, coming from different sources of information that enriched the worked sample. The presence of the sources of psychosocial risks in the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed, according to job content, workload and work pace, work schedule, control, environment and equipment, organizational structure and function, and role in the organization interpersonal relationships, career development, and work-life interface; furthermore, examples of situations that account for the presence of these risks are presented. All sources of psychosocial risks are present during the pandemic, some of their unfortunate harmful consequences have been currently described, and a call is thus made to address the problem.

RESUMO

RESUMEN El 11 de marzo del 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) caracteriza una nueva enfermedad denominada COVID-19 como una pandemia. En respuesta a ella, proporciona una serie de lineamientos y en el último de estos se visualiza la atención primaria de la salud como protagonista, sin embargo, es una gran tarea con pocos recursos disponibles, más aún cuando nos encontramos con un nivel de atención históricamente desatendido. En dicho contexto, se gesta el presente artículo que responde al objetivo de relevar la importancia de la atención primaria de la salud de América Latina en respuesta al plan estratégico desarrollado recientemente por la OMS. La necesidad de su fortalecimiento es referida por múltiples realidades como Chile, Perú, Brasil, México, Cuba, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Paraguay y Bolivia. A su vez, se ha descrito que la enfermería presenta un rol preponderante ante la problemática, pues son estos profesionales quienes prestan hasta el 90% de los servicios de salud, con resultados en los pacientes comparables o mejores que las contrapartes médicas. No obstante, su capacidad está limitada por las leyes estatales y federales. Se describen cuatro obstáculos que restringen el poderoso aporte de la atención primaria de la salud.

ABSTRACT On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) describes a new disease called COVID-19 as a pandemic. In response to this it provides a series of guidelines, with primary health care as the protagonist in the last of these. However, it is a great task with few available resources, even more so when we find a historically neglected level of care. In this context, this article responds to the objective of highlighting the importance of primary health care of Latin America in response to the strategic plan recently developed by the WHO. The need for its strengthening is referred to by multiple realities such as Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Likewise, it has been described that nursing has a preponderant role in the face of the problem since these are professionals who provide up to 90% of health services, with patient outcomes comparable to or better than medical counter- parts. However, their capacity is limited by state and federal laws. Four obstacles are described which restrict the powerful contribution of primary health care.

RESUMO

Recientemente ha sido publicada la escala de Evaluación de Artículos con Metodologías Heterogéneas para Revisiones Integrativas (EAMH), esta se generó en respuesta a la creciente necesidad de asegurar la calidad de los resultados en revisiones integrativas, la propuesta proporciona orientaciones sobre criterios básicos que cualquier artículo debe cumplir para ser incluidos en el análisis de los resultados. La escala consta de 6 preguntas evaluadoras, cuyas respuestas son dicotómicas "SI/NO", cada respuesta "SI" presenta un punto, por lo tanto, su puntaje varía entre cero a seis puntos, y su interpretación es la siguiente: de 0 a 3 puntos "artículo no recomendable para el análisis"; de 4 a 5 puntos "artículo apto para el análisis"; y finalmente, 6 puntos "artículo ideal para el análisis". A continuación, se expondrá los resultados de la aplicación de dicha escala en el análisis de artículos publicados en la presente revista, periodo 2021-2022 hasta el mes de abril (ver Tabla1). La base de datos fue almacenada en Mendeley Data.

The Scale of Assessment of Methodologically Heterogeneous Articles for Integrative Reviews (EAMH, for its acronym in Spanish) was recently published. This scale was developed in response to the growing need to ensure the quality of results in integrative reviews. The proposal provides guidelines on basic criteria that any article must meet to be included in the analysis of the results. The scale has six yes/no evaluation questions. Each "YES" answer scores one point; therefore, the scale score ranges from zero to six points and is interpreted as follows: From 0 to 3 points "article not recommended for analysis"; from 4 to 5 points "article suitable for analysis," and, finally, 6 points "article ideal for analysis." The results of applying this scale to analyze articles published in Cuidarte journal between 2021 and April 2022 will be presented below (see Table1). The database was stored in Mendeley Data

Avaliação de Artigos com Metodologias Heterogêneas para Revisões Integrativas (AAMH). Esta foi gerada em resposta à crescente necessidade de garantir a qualidade dos resultados em revisões integrativas. A proposta fornece diretrizes sobre critérios básicos que qualquer artigo devem cumprir para serem incluídos na análise dos resultados. A escala é composta por 6 questões avaliativas, cujas respostas são dicotômicas "SIM/NÃO", cada resposta "SIM" apresenta um ponto, portanto, sua pontuação varia de zero a seis pontos, e sua interpretação é a seguinte: de 0 a 3 pontos "artigo não recomendado para análise"; 4 a 5 pontos "artigo adequado para análise"; e, por fim, 6 pontos "artigo ideal para análise". A seguir, serão apresentados os resultados da aplicação da referida escala na análise dos artigos publicados nesta revista, período 2021-2022 até o mês de abril (vide Tabela1). A base de dados foi armazenada em Mendeley Data.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente enfermería presenta un corpulento marco teórico que describe fenómenos, explica relaciones, predice consecuencias y ayuda a prescribir cuidados de enfermería. Desde una perspectiva histórica, los primeros marcos teóricos de enfermería datan de 1952, con el trabajo de Peplau, posteriormente se han gestado una cuantiosa y variada cantidad de ellos, sin embargo, pese al corpulento marco teórico que sustenta y orienta el quehacer de enfermería, estos presentan una importancia relegada en el quehacer profesional. OBJETIVO: La presente reflexión breve responde al objetivo de realzar la importancia de los marcos teóricos de enfermería como sustento de la práctica e investigación. DESARROLLO: La práctica e investigación enfermera es guiada y estructurada por los modelos y teorías de enfermerías, han demostrado ser de gran utilidad respecto a la práctica tradicional, no obstante, existen elementos que merman la correcta relación entre la academia y la práctica, es pertinente cuestionarnos por qué sucede esto si existe suficiente evidencia que avala el uso de modelos y teorías. CONCLUSIÓN: Se insta a la comunidad enfermera a generar propuestas que tributen a la disminución de la brecha academia-práctica, esta corresponde según el presente autor, a la luz de esperanza de la mejora asistencial y científica de enfermería.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing today presents a rich theoretical framework that describes phenomena, explains relationships, predicts consequences, and helps to prescribe nursing care. From a historical perspective, the first nursing theoretical frameworks date back to 1952, with the work of Peplau, subsequently a large and varied number of them have been developed, however, despite the large theoretical framework that supports and guides the work of nursing, they have a relegated importance in the professional work. OBJECTIVE: This brief reflection responds to the objective of highlighting the importance of the theoretical frameworks of nursing as a support for practice and research. DEVELOPMENT: Nursing practice and research is guided and structured by nursing models and theories, which have proven to be very useful with respect to traditional practice, however, there are elements that undermine the correct relationship between academia and practice, it is pertinent to question why this happens if there is sufficient evidence to support the use of models and theories. CONCLUSION: The nursing community is urged to generate proposals that contribute to the reduction of the academy-practice gap, which, according to the present author, corresponds to the light of hope for the improvement of nursing care and science.

Assuntos

Assuntos