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RESUMEN La enfermedad de Kyrle se define como una enfermedad cutánea perforante, de etiología aún no conocida, infrecuente, con tendencia a la cronicidad, caracterizada por un trastorno de la queratinización con eliminación transepidérmicade componentes de la matriz extracelular, se la asocia con enfermedades sistémicas principalmente la diabetes mellitus y la insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis entre otras, aunque también se puede manifestar en personas sin antecedentes patológicos previos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 42años condiagnóstico de enfermedad de Kyrle,sin otra patología asociada hasta el momento de la evaluación, realizamos además, una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema.

ABSTRACT Kyrle's disease is defined as a perforating skin disease, of an unknown etiology, infrequent, with a tendency to chronicity, characterized by a disorder of transepidermal keratinization, and elimination of components of the extracellular matrix, it is associated with mainly systemic diseases decompensated diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure on hemodialysis among others, although it can also manifest itself in those without any previous pathology. We present the case of a 42-year-old female patient diagnosed with Kyrle's disease and without any associated pathology.

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Introducción. Aproximadamente un 3 por ciento de los hombres que se han sometido a una vasectomía se realizan posteriormente una reversión de ésta con intención de fertilidad. La vasovasostomía (VV) microquirúrgica como técnica de reversión de vasectomía, permite la recanalización de los conductos deferentes, ofreciendo muy buenos resultados. Objetivo. Describir los resultados quirúrgicos y la efectividad de la VV en una serie de pacientes operados mediante una técnica simplificada. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo. Se analizaron antecedentes demográficos y quirúrgicos. Se utilizó una técnica de VV simplificada que consiste en realizar una miniincisión de abordaje (1 cm), sin evaluar el líquido seminal mediante la graduación de Silber y realizar la anastomosis en un plano único con material de sutura no reabsorbible 9-0. Se controló con espermiograma al primer y tercer mes post-cirugía, evaluando concentración espermática, motilidad progresiva, morfología y volumen seminal entre otros. Se calculó la tasa de permeabilidad deferencial (definida como presencia de espermatozoides en el eyaculado) y la tasa de embarazo post VV. Resultados. Un total de 75 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, operados entre agosto de 2009 y julio de 2016 por 2 cirujanos (CP, MM). La edad media (± desviación estándar) de los pacientes y de sus parejas fue de 43,9 ± 6,4 años y 34,4 ± 4,2 años, respectivamente. La mediana del tiempo transcurrido entre la vasectomía y la VV fue de 8 años (2 ­ 21 años). La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico fue de 110 minutos (85 ­ 183 minutos), con menos de un 3 por ciento de complicaciones post-operatorias (todas grado-I según escala Clavien-Dindo). Al primer mes el 93% de los pacientes tenía espermatozoides en el eyaculado, con una mediana de concentración de 12 x 10

Introduction. Approximately 3 pertcent of men subjected to a vasectomy undergo a subsequent reversal with fertility purposes. The microsurgical vasovasostomy (VV) as a vasectomy reversal technique allows recanalization of the deferential ducts, offering very good results. Objetive. To describe the surgical results and effectiveness of VV in a series of patients in whom a simplified technique was performed. Materials y Methods. Restrospective study. Demographic and surgical records were analyzed. The VV was performed using a simplified technique, meaning a mini-incision approach (1 cm), avoidance of the proximal seminal fluid analysis using the Silber score and performing the anastomosis in a single-layered fashion with a 9-0 non-absorbable suture. A sperm analysis was performed at first and third postoperative month., assesing sperm concentration, progressive motility, morphology and sperm volume among other factors. The deferential permeability rate (defined as presence of spermatozoids in semen) and pregnancy rates after VV were calculated. Results. A total of 75 patients were included in the study. All surgeries were performed by 2 surgeons (CP, MM) between August 2009 and July 2016. The average age (± standard deviation) of patients and their sexual partners were 43.9 ± 6.4 years and 34.4 ± 4.2 years, respectively. The median time span between the vasectomy and reversal was 8 years (range 2 ­ 21 years). The median surgical time was 110 minutes (range 85 ­ 183 minutes), with less than a 3 pertcent rate of postoperative complications (all grade-I according to Clavien-Dindo classification). At the first postoperative month 93 pertcent of the patients had spermatozoids in the eyaculate, with a median concentration of 12 x 10

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Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la cantidad de fluoruros liberados por los principales sellantes de puntos y fisuras basados en resina comercialmente disponibles en Latinoamérica. Material y Métodos: Se evaluó la liberación de fluoruros in vitro en tres sellantes fluorados de puntos y fisuras: Helioseal F (HF), Fissurit F (FF), Clinpro (CF) y Delton (D), sin flúor como control. Se utilizaron 28 discos de 12 mm de diámetro y 2 mm de espesor (n=7 por grupo). Las muestras fueron almacenadas en 5 ml de agua ultra de-ionizada con pH neutro a 37º C por 93 días. La liberación de fluoruros fue medida mediante un electrodo iónico selectivo a los 1, 2, 3, 8, 15, 28 y 93 días. Los datos fueron analizados con el test ANOVA y Tukey (p<0.05). Resultados: El patrón de liberación de flúor fue similar para los tres sellantes fluorados: una alta liberación durante las primeras 24 horas, que disminuyó bruscamente hacia el segundo día. Luego continuó con una disminución progresiva hasta el día 93. El primer día, FF liberó significativamente más fluoruros que HF. Entre los días 2 y 15 FF y HF liberaron significativamente más fluoruros que CF. Desde el día 28 en adelante, las diferencias de liberación de flúor no fueron significativas. Conclusión: El patrón de liberación de flúor in vitro es similar para los sellantes fluorados, con una elevada liberación durante los primeros dos días y luego, una marcada disminución en todos ellos. Este resultado podría explicar la falta de diferencias en la tasa de caries en pacientes tratados con sellantes de resina fluorados y no-fluorados observada en estudios clínicos.

Aim: To compare in vitro the amount of fluoride released from the main pit and fissure sealant resin-based on commercially available in Latin America. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight samples of 12 x 2 mm were made from three commercial fluoridated resin-based sealants: Helioseal F (HF), Fissurit F (FF), Clinpro (CF) and without fluoride Delton (D), as a control. Samples were stored in 5 ml of deionized water at 37° C and neutral pH. Fluoride releases were measured at 1, 2, 3, 8, 15, 28 and 93 days with an ion-selective electrode. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and one-way and Tukey (p<0.05). Results: Fluoride-release profiles were similar for the three fluoridated sealants: a high release rates during the first 24 hrs and then a drastic drop. Afterward, they continued with a progressive decrease until day 93. The first day, FF release significantly more fluoride than HF. Between days 2 and 15, CF release significantly less fluoride than FF and HF, and later, there was no significant differences between sealants (p>0.05). Conclusion: The fluoride-release profile is similar for the fluoridated resin-based sealants under study: a high release during the first two days and afterwards, a very slow release. These results can explain the lack of differences in caries rate between fluoridated and non-fluoridated resin-based sealants observed in clinical trials.

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Histopathological analysis of 108 intestine samples (103 grossly affected ileum and 5 jejunum) taken from Clostridium-induced neonatal alpaca (Vicugna pacos) enterotoxemia mortalities collected in the Departments of Arequipa, Puno and Cusco of southern Peru during the 2005-2008 birth seasons (January-March), revealed the presence of large numbers of both asexual and sexual stages of Eimeria macusaniensis in 33/108 (30.55%) of the samples with moderate to severe necrotized and/or hemorrhagic enteritis. It is proposed that damage to the mucosa produced by coccidial infections may facilitate overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens with toxin production leading to fatal enterotoxemia.

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We reviewed forty medical histories of patients with primitive cutaneous amyloidosis registered in the Unit of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute of Guayaquil, who have abandoned the treatment for four or more years, finding a favorable evolution in the 37.5% of patients.

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Fifteen patients with human gnathostomiasis are reported from Ecuador. The name "nodular migratory eosinphilic panniculitis" is proposed because of the histopathologic and clinical changes found in two cases in which the parasite was found on biopsy.

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Reporting 4 cases of gnathostomiasis, a clinical review of this disease is given by the authors. In one of these cases the diagnosis could be established by evidencing the parasite. The name: nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis is suggested for this disease.

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This article presents the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) created in 1943 and describes its main features, its programmes and the role played by health education inside the programmes. It ends by explaining the present situation concerning health education and the changes which are presently envisaged. During its first twenty years, the IMSS promoted preventive medicine and trained health personnel. Since 1979 it has concerned itself mainly with some 10 million peasants and marginal groups. In the frame of a national development programme, a vaccination and detection campaign were implemented and the distribution system of potable water was extended. Mexico with a population of 73 million has the dual characteristics of a developed and a developing country (70 per cent of its population is urban, 30 per cent rural). The overcrowded cities contrast with the isolated rural areas where sanitary conditions are poor and life difficult. The main causes of mortality, in 1978, were: -in the towns: car accidents, cardiovascular diseases and suicide; -in rural areas, acute respiratory infections and intestinal infections. The 1978 Alma Ata international conference on primary health care and the meeting of Ministers of health convened in 1980 by the Pan American Health Organization endorsed the IMSS programmes which emphasize prevention, promote health education and community participation. The cost of preventive measures being cheaper than treatment, 203 million pesos were saved and allocated to the expansion of programmes. Systematic immunization has resulted in a sharp decline of diphteria, polio, rabies, typhoid, pertussis and measles. Early detection of tumours of cervix uteri has saved many lives.

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Three cases of Peruvian Verruca, one autoctonous from the town of Guayaquil (Ecuador), are described by the authors. A comparative study with the Peruvian cases is made.

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