RESUMO
Batch cultures were performed to study hydrolysis and methanogenesis in the presence of an electric field at room temperature (i.e., 23 °C). Kinetic and metabolic analyses using RuO2/Ti electrodes were carried out in short reaction times to avoid biofilm formation, allowing the evaluation of the effect of O2 and H2 produced on anaerobic digestion during the imposition of three electric fields: 1.21, 1.45, and 1.64 V/cm. Results highlighted that at 1.21 V/cm, the electrolysis produced 0.0753 mg O2/L·min, where facultative microorganisms consumed 21 % oxygen, enhancing the hydrolysis phase by 52 %. Additionally, methane production was noticeably improved with an activity of 0.89 ± 0.02 g COD-CH4/g VSS·d, meaning 39 % higher than the control. The imposition of an electric field showed promising results since the methanogenic activity at room temperature was very close to the activities observed in conventional reactors at 35 °C.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos , Eletrólise , Anaerobiose , Temperatura , Hidrólise , Metano/metabolismo , EsgotosRESUMO
Introduction: T he COVID-19 p andemic caused by t he SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus h as shaken the world since the beginning of 2020, causing a huge number of patient deaths. Objective: To evaluate the main symptoms of patients hospitalized for SARS CoV-2 in th e H.G.Z No.1 of the IMSS in Nayarit. Methodology: It is a retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, with information collected from the clinical records of patients admitted through the respiratory triage area with a diagnosis of SARS Cov-2, confirmed with PCR. Results: 433 patients were included, of these 267 male patients (62%) and 166 female patients (38%), with an average age of 62 years. Within the main symptomatology is dyspnea (96%), fever (78%), attack to the general state (78%), cough (76%) and headache (67%). In addition, 102 (23.6%) patients required advanced airway management, of whom 89 died (87%). Of the total number of patients, 208 (48%) died and 225 (54%) showed improvement. Conclusions: The main symptoms of patients hospitalized for SARS CoV-2 are dyspnea, fever, general condition attack, cough and headache.
Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 provocada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha sacudido al mundo desde el comienzo del año 2020, provocando un número ingente de fallecimientos de pacientes. Objetivo: evaluar la principal sintomatología de los pacientes hospitalizados por SARS-CoV-2 en el Hospital General de Zona No.1 del IMSS. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, observacional y transversal, con información recabada de los expedientes clínicos de pacientes que ingresaron por área de triage respiratorio con diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2 confirmado mediante prueba PCR. Resultados: se incluyeron 433 pacientes, de estos 267 pacientes de sexo masculinos (62%) y 166 pacientes del femenino (38%), con una edad promedio de 62 años. Dentro de la principal sintomatología se encuentra la disnea (96%), fiebre (78%), ataque al estado general (78%), tos (76%) y cefalea (67%). Además, 102 (23.6%) pacientes necesitaron manejo avanzado de la vía aérea, de los cuales 89 fallecieron (87%). Del total de pacientes, 208 (48%) fallecieron y 225 (54%) mostraron mejoría. Conclusiones: los principales síntomas de pacientes hospitalizados por SARS CoV-2 son disnea, fiebre, ataque del estado general, tos y cefalea.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/patologia , MéxicoRESUMO
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a physio-biochemical process widely used for treating industrial or municipal wastewater with concomitant methane production. Several technologies have been tested to improve AD's efficiency, like pretreatments and co-digestion, among others. Recently the imposition of a low-magnitude electric field (LMEF) has been applied at the AD to improve methane yield. Despite the positive results of imputing an electric field, many gaps are not understood yet. Therefore, this review focuses on the biochemical aspects of AD and electric field for a better understanding of the effect of the LMEF on the metabolisms of the AD during wastewater treatment and its application in methane production enhancement.
Assuntos
Esgotos , Purificação da Água , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Anaerobiose , MetanoRESUMO
Contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria play a pivotal role in cell signaling, and the interaction between these organelles is dynamic and finely regulated. We have studied the role of ER Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ER) in modulating this association in HeLa and HEK293 cells and human fibroblasts. According to Manders' coefficient, ER-mitochondria colocalization varied depending on the ER marker; it was the highest with ER-Tracker and the lowest with ER Ca2+ indicators (Mag-Fluo-4, erGAP3, and G-CEPIA1er) in both HeLa cells and human fibroblasts. Only GEM-CEPIA1er displayed a high colocalization with elongated mitochondria in HeLa cells, this ER Ca2+ indicator reveals low Ca2+ regions because this ion quenches its fluorescence. On the contrary, the typical rounded and fragmented mitochondria of HEK293 cells colocalized with Mag-Fluo-4 and, to a lesser extent, with GEM-CEPIA1er. The ablation of the three IP3R isoforms in HEK293 cells increased mitochondria-GEM-CEPIA1er colocalization. This pattern of colocalization was inversely correlated with the rate of ER Ca2+ leak evoked by thapsigargin (Tg). Moreover, Tg and Histamine in the absence of external Ca2+ increased mitochondria-ER colocalization. On the contrary, in the presence of external Ca2+, both Bafilomycin A1 and Tg reduced the mitochondria-ER interaction. Notably, knocking down MCU decreased mitochondria-ER colocalization. Overall, our data suggest that the [Ca2+] is not homogenous within the ER lumen and that mitochondria-ER interaction is modulated by the ER Ca2+ leak and the [Ca2+]i.
Assuntos
Retículo Endoplasmático , Mitocôndrias , Humanos , Células HeLa , Células HEK293 , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Tapsigargina/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sinalização do CálcioRESUMO
The overexpression of the Orai1 channel inhibits SOCE when using the Ca2+ readdition protocol. However, we found that HeLa cells overexpressing the Orai1 channel displayed enhanced Ca2+ entry and a limited ER depletion in response to the combination of ATP and thapsigargin (TG) in the presence of external Ca2+. As these effects require the combination of an agonist and TG, we decided to study whether the phosphorylation of Orai1 S27/S30 residues had any role using two different mutants: Orai1-S27/30A (O1-AA, phosphorylation-resistant) and Orai1-S27/30D (O1-DD, phosphomimetic). Both O1-wt and O1-AA supported enhanced Ca2+ entry, but this was not the case with O1-E106A (dead-pore mutant), O1-DD, and O1-AA-E106A, while O1-wt, O1-E106A, and O1-DD inhibited the ATP and TG-induced reduction of ER [Ca2+], suggesting that the phosphorylation of O1 S27/30 interferes with the IP3R activity. O1-wt and O1-DD displayed an increased interaction with IP3R in response to ATP and TG; however, the O1-AA channel decreased this interaction. The expression of mCherry-O1-AA increased the frequency of ATP-induced sinusoidal [Ca2+]i oscillations, while mCherry-O1-wt and mCherry-O1-DD decreased this frequency. These data suggest that the combination of ATP and TG stimulates Ca2+ entry, and the phosphorylation of Orai1 S27/30 residues by PKC reduces IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release.
Assuntos
Canais de Cálcio , Cálcio , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Proteína ORAI1/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Tapsigargina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Aluminum-based alloys have been considered candidate materials for cathodic protection anodes. However, the Al-based alloys can form a layer of alumina, which is a drawback in a sacrificial anode. The anodes must exhibit uniform corrosion to achieve better performance. Aluminum can be alloyed with Zn to improve their performance. In this sense, in the present research, the electrochemical corrosion performance of Al-xZn alloys (x = 1.5, 3.5, and 5 at.% Zn) exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl for 24 h was evaluated. Polarization curves, linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to identify the electrochemical behavior. The microstructure of the samples before the corrosion assessment was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, microstructures of the corroded surfaces were characterized using X-ray mappings via SEM. Polarization curves indicated that Zn additions changed the pseudo-passivation behavior from what pure Al exhibited in a uniform dissolution regime. Furthermore, the addition of Zn shifted the corrosion potential to the active side and increased the corrosion rate. This behavior was consistent with the proportional decrease in polarization resistance (Rp) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) in the EIS. The analysis of EIS was done using a mathematical model related to an adsorption electrochemical mechanism. The adsorption of chloride at the Al-Zn alloy surface formed aluminum chloride intermediates, which controlled the rate of the process. The rate constants of the reactions of a proposed chemical mechanism were evaluated.
RESUMO
Global climate change affects agriculture and tends to aggravate the effect of various environmental stress factors including soil salinity. Beneficial elements such as titanium (Ti) may improve the performance of plants facing restrictive environments such as saline soils. This research work evaluated the individual effect of sodium chloride (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) in solution, that of leaf-applied Ti (0, 500, and 1000 mg L-1 Ti), and their interactions on physiological, biochemical, and nutritional variables of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings cv. Rio Grande in a factorial design in greenhouse hydroponics. NaCl reduced seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area, SPAD units, and sugar and K concentrations, and increased antioxidant activity in stems and roots, photosynthetic pigments, sugars. Titanium increased the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Ti concentrations in leaves, but the concentration of total sugars in leaves was reduced when applying 500 mg Ti L-1. Under moderate salinity conditions (50 mM NaCl) the application of Ti increased the antioxidant activity in roots, while, at all salinity levels tested, Ti increased the concentrations of macro-nutrients and Ti in leaves. Titanium is concluded to have a positive effect on the antioxidant activity and nutrition of seedlings under saline stress conditions.
RESUMO
The sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) is the main intracellular calcium (Ca2+) pool in muscle and non-muscle eukaryotic cells, respectively. The reticulum accumulates Ca2+ against its electrochemical gradient by the action of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases (SERCA pumps), and the capacity of this Ca2+ store is increased by the presence of Ca2+ binding proteins in the lumen of the reticulum. A diversity of physical and chemical signals, activate the main Ca2+ release channels, i.e. ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol (1, 4, 5) trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), to produce transient elevations of the cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) while the reticulum is being depleted of Ca2+. This picture is incomplete because it implies that the elements involved in the Ca2+ release process are acting alone and independently of each other. However, it appears that the Ca2+ released by RyRs and IP3Rs is trapped in luminal Ca2+ binding proteins (Ca2+ lattice), which are associated with these release channels, and the activation of these channels appears to facilitate that the trapped Ca2+ ions become available for release. This situation makes the initial stage of the Ca2+ release process a highly efficient one; accordingly, there is a large increase in the [Ca2+]i with minimal reductions in the bulk of the free luminal SR/ER [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]SR/ER). Additionally, it has been shown that active SERCA pumps are required for attaining this highly efficient Ca2+ release process. All these data indicate that Ca2+ release by the SR/ER is a highly regulated event and not just Ca2+ coming down its electrochemical gradient via the open release channels. One obvious advantage of this sophisticated Ca2+ release process is to avoid depletion of the ER Ca2+ store and accordingly, to prevent the activation of ER stress during each Ca2+ release event.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Retículo Endoplasmático , Retículo Sarcoplasmático , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Inositol 1,4,5-Trifosfato/metabolismo , Canal de Liberação de Cálcio do Receptor de Rianodina/metabolismo , Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al tabaquismo en Adolescentes de Honduras 2016. Metodología: El estudio estuvo constituido por todos los adolescentes, estudiantes de Honduras, en grados asociados con edades de 13 a 15 años, en el año 2016, siendo un total de 3,515 estudiantes elegibles en los grados 7 a 9 completaron la encuesta Global Young Tobacco Survey. Los datos recolectados por Instituto Hondureño para la Prevención del Alcoholismo y la Drogadicción en asociación con la Secretaría de Salud según el cuestionario GYTS de los CDC, con acceso público a la base de datos para investigación independiente. Resultados: En relación a los datos obtenidos en relación a la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en estudiantes adolescentes de Honduras, se encontró que 208 (6.2%) fuman actualmente, de los cuales los hombres tuvieron una proporción de 120 (58.2%) y las mujeres 86 (41.8%). La mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo en el 8°grado 81 (39.1%). Cuando personas que fuman en presencia de los estudiantes adolescentes como el padre 51(24.5%), su madre 40(19.2%), su hermano/a 44(21.2%) u otra persona fuma en casa 85(40.9%) hay más probabilidades que el estudiante fume actualmente. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos para la edad y la práctica de tabaquismo, en la edad en que los entrevistados mayoritaria fumaban eran: de 61 (29.5%) a los 16 años. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en estudiantes adolescentes de Honduras, es del 6.2%. El inicio de consumo de tabaco inició en su mayoría a los 7 años. La mayoría de los estudiantes que no tienen dificultad para comprar cigarrillos. También la amistad entre los jóvenes es determinante, existe 18.45 veces más posibilidades que los adolescentes acepten tabaco de su mejor amigo
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Tabagismo , Fumar , Fatores de Risco , Epidemiologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in our country. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate if the administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at a low dose reduces its presence. METHODS: Comparative, cohort study. Pregnant women with risk factors for PE: Primigravidae, PE antecedent and twin pregnancy were included. Primigravidae and multigested with previous vascular pathology weren't included. Group 1: 150, 11 excluded, 80 mg ASA from week 20 at the end of pregnancy. Group 2: 150, without ASA. The presence of PE or gestational hypertension (HG) was monitored. General data and clinical controls were taken. Chi square and relative risk (RR) were calculated. RESULTS: Group 1: n = 139, 26 ± 5.6 years, 9% PE. Group 2: n = 150, 25.5 ± 5.6 years, PE 20% (p = 0.01), RR 0.47 (95% CI 0.19 - 0.87) (p = 0.01), attributable risk -0.11 equivalent to an absolute reduction of 11% for PE in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with risk factor for PE who received ASA diminished the risk of developing PE in 50%.
INTRODUCCIÓN: los trastornos hipertensivos del embrazo son causa importante de morbilidad grave, discapacidad crónica y muerte entre las madres, fetos y recién nacidos, por lo que es necesaria la prevención de la preeclampsia (PE) en virtud de su alta morbimortalidad en México. OBJETIVO: evaluar si la administración de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) a dosis baja reduce la presencia de PE. MÉTODOS: estudio de cohorte, comparativo. Se incluyeron 300 mujeres embarazadas con factores de riesgo para PE: primigesta, antecedente de PE, embarazo gemelar. No se incluyeron las pacientes primigestas y multigestas con patología vascular previa. Grupo 1: 150, 11 excluidas, 80 mg AAS de semana 20 al final del embarazo. Grupo 2: 150, sin AAS. Se vigiló presencia de PE o hipertensión gestacional (HG). Se tomaron datos generales y controles clínicos. Se calculó Chi cuadrada y riesgo relativo (RR). RESULTADOS: grupo 1: 139, 26 ± 5.6 años, PE en 9%. Grupo 2: 150, 25.5 ± 5.6 años, PE 20% (p = 0.01). RR 0.47 (IC95%: 0.19 - 0.87) (p = 0.01), riesgo atribuible de -0.11 equivalente a una reducción absoluta del 11% para PE en grupo 1. CONCLUSIONES: en mujeres embarazadas con factores de riesgo para PE que recibieron AAS, disminuye de forma significativa el riesgo de probabilidad de desarrollar PE a menos de la mitad.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Pré-Eclâmpsia/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Aspirina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a bona fide Ca2+ store; however, there is a lack of GA-specific Ca2+ mobilizing agents. Here, we report that emetine specifically releases Ca2+ from GA in HeLa and HL-1 atrial myocytes. Additionally, it has become evident that the trans-Golgi is a labile Ca2+ store that requires a continuous source of Ca2+ from either the external milieu or from the ER, to enable it to produce a detectable transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Our data indicates that the emetine-sensitive Ca2+ mobilizing mechanism is different from the two classical Ca2+ release mechanisms, i.e. IP3 and ryanodine receptors. This newly discovered ability of emetine to release Ca2+ from the GA may explain why chronic consumption of ipecac syrup has muscle side effects.
Assuntos
Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Emetina/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Rede trans-Golgi/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Rede trans-Golgi/metabolismoRESUMO
An emulsifier protein (EP) was produced and easily separated from oil-contaminated water as an economical substrate when Aspergillus brasiliensis, pretreated in a solid state culture with a controlled electric field, was used in an airlift bioreactor. The hydrocarbon-EP comprised 19.5% of the total protein, its purification enhanced the specific emulsifying activity (EA) seven times. The influence of operational conditions (pH and salt concentration) on the EA were assessed to characterise the emulsion stability. The EA was increased by 19% in alkaline environments (pH 7-11), but it was not affected by the presence of salt (0-35â¯gâ¯L-1). On the other hand, preheating the EP samples (60⯰C) enhanced the EA by 2.5 times. Based on analysis of its EA, this EP can be applied as a bioremediation enhancer in contaminated soils.
Assuntos
Aspergillus , Reatores Biológicos , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Aspergillus niger , Emulsificantes , NígerRESUMO
The combination of biological and electrochemical techniques enhances the bioremediation efficiency of treating oil-contaminated water. In this study a non-growing fungal whole cell biocatalyst (BC; Aspergillus brasiliensis attached to perlite) pretreated with an electric field (EF), was used to degrade a hydrocarbon blend (hexadecane-phenanthrene-pyrene; 100:1:1w/w) in an airlift bioreactor (ALB). During hydrocarbon degradation, all mass transfer resistances (internal and external) and sorption capacity were experimentally quantified. Internal mass transfer resistances were evaluated through BC effectiveness factor analysis as a function of the Thiele modulus (using first order reaction kinetics, assuming a spherical BC, five particle diameters). External (interfacial) mass transfer resistances were evaluated by kLa determination. EF pretreatment during BC production promoted surface changes in BC and production of an emulsifier protein in the ALB. The BC surface modifications enhanced the affinity for hydrocarbons, improving hydrocarbon uptake by direct contact. The resulting emulsion was associated with decreased internal and external mass transfer resistances. EF pretreatment effects can be summarized as: a combined uptake mechanism (direct contact dominant followed by emulsified form dominant) diminishing mass transfer limitations, resulting in a non-specific hydrocarbon degradation in blend. The pretreated BC is a good applicant for oil-contaminated water remediation.
Assuntos
Alcanos/metabolismo , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Biocatálise , Reatores Biológicos , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental/instrumentação , Poluição por Petróleo , Fenantrenos/metabolismo , Pirenos/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Eletricidade , Emulsões , Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese , Cinética , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The chemotherapy commonly used for the treatment of breast cancer affect the fertility and could cause premature ovarian failure. The subsequent pregnancy to the breast cancer therefore it is not habitual. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the chemotherapy in the women reproductive life; to evaluate the frequency of the women that experienced a later pregnancy after treatment of cancer, as well as the effects of the subsequent pregnancy on the breast cancer. We report our experience in the 14 year period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: As retrospective design, of 14 cases with breast cancer and subsequent pregnancy, from March 1994 to June 2008; demographic variables, clinical presentation, histopathological data, diagnostic procedures, treatments and results of the pregnancy were identified. RESULTS: The mean (M +/- SD) age of gestational women was of 31.5 +/- 5.2 years; the 83.3% women received adyuvant chemotherapy with antraciclines; the patients with regional illness (> 4 N+) and advanced illness had an adverse presage; the systemic relapse and progression showed in 42.8% of the cases. The pregnancy to term was presented in half of the cases in the first two years and in a third part, later to the 2 years of having concluded the oncological treatment; of the fourteen patients with breast cancer presented a total of 16 pregnancies: 9 were of term, 3 of preterm and 4 abortions. CONCLUSIONS: The study founds are based on a series of cases, which do not suggest that the pregnancy after the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer has some adverse effect in the patients survival, for what the patients can conceive later to the oncological treatment. However, in this study it was observed that the effect of the advanced stage and positive axillary ganglion (> 4) influence in the relapses.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Infertilidade Feminina/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Sobreviventes , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/mortalidade , Carcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/mortalidade , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/induzido quimicamente , Metástase Linfática , Mortalidade Materna , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Insuficiência Ovariana Primária/induzido quimicamente , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The skin is the largest body's organ, with a well defined functional lymphoid tissue. This organ can be the target of several hypersensitivity-mediated diseases, that are both, genetically determined and influenced by environmental factors. In this paper the main clinical features and the current treatment modalities for the most frequent allergic cutaneous diseases are reviewed.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Adulto , Angioedema/diagnóstico , Angioedema/fisiopatologia , Angioedema/terapia , Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/terapia , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Dermatite Atópica/patologia , Dermatite Atópica/terapia , Dermatite Irritante/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/complicações , Humanos , Urticária/diagnóstico , Urticária/fisiopatologia , Urticária/terapiaRESUMO
La colecistectomía laparoscópica es actualmente el tratamiento de elección para la litiasis biliar sintomática. El hallazgo incidental de un cáncer no sospechado durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica y los implantes en la pared abdominal es un evento poco común que puede alterar la conducta biológica del tumor y empeorar su pronóstico. La frecuencia real de esta complicación no se conoce y sólo se han documentado casos aislados. Se deben examinar las piezas quirúrgicas y realizar estudios transoperatorios de cualquier zona sospechosa. En caso de encontrar un carcinoma de manera incidental, se recomienda reintervenir al paciente y realizar resección amplia de los puertos y del lecho vesicular con linfadenectomía en un intento de mejorar la posibilidad de curación. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes sometidas a colecistectomía laparoscópica quienes desarrollaron metástasis en los puertos por adenocarcinoma de vesícula biliar no sospechado y su evolución