RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The interferon pathway plays a critical role in triggering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and these gene variants may be involved in the severity of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of three gene variants of OAS and RNASEL with the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms and disease outcome. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 104 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 34 were asymptomatic COVID-19, and 70 were symptomatic cases. The variants rs486907 (RNASEL), rs10774671 (OAS1), rs1293767 (OAS2), and rs2285932 (OAS3) were screened and discriminated using a predesigned 5'-nuclease assay with TaqMan probes. RESULTS: Patients with the allele C of the OAS2 gene rs1293767 (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83, p = 0.014) and allele T of the OAS3 gene rs2285932 (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.2-0.023, p = 0.023) have lower susceptibility to developing symptomatic COVID-19. The genotype frequencies (G/G, G/C, and C/C) of rs1293767 for that comparison were 64.7%, 29.4%, and 5.9% in the asymptomatic group and 95.2%, 4.8%, and 0% in severe disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that individuals carrying the C allele of the OAS2 gene rs1293767 and the T allele of the OAS3 gene rs2285932 are less likely to develop symptomatic COVID-19, suggesting these genetic variations may confer a protective effect among the Mexican study population. Furthermore, the observed differences in genotype frequencies between asymptomatic individuals and those with severe disease emphasize the potential of these variants as markers for disease severity. These insights enhance our understanding of the genetic factors that may influence the course of COVID-19 and underscore the potential for genetic screening in identifying individuals at increased risk for severe disease outcomes.

RESUMO

DNAM-1 (CD226) is an activating receptor expressed in CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and monocytes. It has been reported that two SNPs in the DNAM-1 gene, rs763361 C>T and rs727088 G>A, have been associated with different autoimmune diseases; however, the role of DNAM-1 in ankylosing spondylitis has been less studied. For this reason, we focused on the study of these two SNPs in association with ankylosing spondylitis. For this, 34 patients and 70 controls were analyzed using endpoint PCR with allele-specific primers. Our results suggest that rs763361 C>T is involved as a possible protective factor under the CT co-dominant model (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.13-0.88, p = 0.022) and the CT + TT dominant model (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.17-0.90, p = 0.025), while rs727088 G>A did not show an association with the disease in any of the inheritance models. When analyzing the relationships of the haplotypes, we found that the T + A haplotype (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13-0.73, p = 0.0083) is a protective factor for developing the disease. In conclusion, the CT and CT + TT variants of rs763361 C>T and the T + A haplotype were considered as protective factors for developing ankylosing spondylitis.

RESUMO

The current COVID-19 pandemic has completely changed people's daily routines. This has had a big impact on mental health. In Mexico, medical school authorities are interested in understanding the mental health status of the student population to be able to provide support to students who may need help from a mental health specialist. The aim of this study was to develop a platform comprised of a mobile and web application called Mentali, to be used as an auxiliary tool for the detection of conditions such as anxiety and depression, as well as variations in mood, by analysis of the results of validated inventories. Following the Scrum software development methodology, Python, Dart and PHP programming languages were used for development of the application. This platform was used prospectively with 155 first year students taking part in the human medicine program. After 22 weeks, Mentali enabled the identification of 40 users with positive primary screening for anxiety and/or depression (45% for anxiety, 32.5% for both anxiety and depression, and 22.5% for altered mood). These students were contacted and referred to a psychologist; however, only 26 (65%) accepted psychological support. For all of these students a mental health disorder was confirmed. The results support the use of Mentali for the primary screening of anxiety and depression in young adults, including medical students.

Assuntos

COVID-19 , Estudantes de Medicina , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia

RESUMO

The impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on the mental health of the population requires the implementation of new primary screening strategies of mental health disorders to intervene in a timelier manner, and technology may provide solutions. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the mobile app Mentali (version 1.1.2; creators: Jorge Alfonso Solís Galván Sodel Vázquez Reyes, Margarita de la Luz Martínez Fierro, Perla Velasco Elizondo, Idalia Garza Veloz, Alejandro Mauricio González and Claudia Caldera Villalobos, Zacatecas, México) as a primary screening tool for anxiety and depression disorders in medical students and to assess the triggering risk factors. This was a descriptive and longitudinal study and included 155 Mexican medical students. Participants interacted with Mentali for 6 months. The mobile app integrated the Beck anxiety and depression inventories together with a mood module. At the end of the interaction, the students received psychological and psychiatric interventions to confirm their primary diagnoses. Symptoms of moderate/severe anxiety and depression were present in 62.6% and 54.6% of the studied population. When corroborating the diagnoses, Mentali obtained a sensitivity of 100%, 95%, and 43% to classify a mental health disorder, anxiety, and depression, respectively. The most important triggers found were as follows: belonging to a dysfunctional family, being introverted, and having suffered from bullying. The proportion of users with excellent/good mood decreased from 78.7% to 34.4% at the end of the semester, and the proportion of users who claimed to have bad/very bad mood increased from 7.4% to 34.4% at the end of the semester (p < 0.05). Mentali was useful for identifying users with anxiety and/or depression, and as an auxiliary tool to coordinate the provision of specialized interventions, allowing us to increase the proportion of patients who needed psychological care and received it by 30%. The efficacy of Mentali in identifying activities through time with an impact on the mood and mental health of the users was confirmed. Our results support the use of Mentali for the primary screening of mental health disorders in young adults, including medical students.

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer in the world, which is associated with a wide spectrum of factors that play an important role in epidemiology, risk stratification, and therapeutic intervention. Several studies have shown the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of the disease. Genetic variations such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs can alter their function and lead to alter the expression of their target genes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of rs12402181 in MIR3117 and rs12803915 in MIR612 with the risk of childhood preB-ALL in Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DNA from 148 children (<18 years old) diagnosed with preB-ALL and 172 samples from participants in control group were included in the present study. Genotyping of the rs12402181 and rs12803915 polymorphisms was carried out by Real-Time PCR. To estimate the risk factor, the multiple genetic models co-dominant, dominant, and recessive were determined in both polymorphisms. RESULTS: In dominant genetic model from rs12402181, a high risk of susceptibility to ALL was observed (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.27-3.22, p = 0.003). In the analysis adjusted for gender, a significant increase in the risk of ALL was maintained (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.28-3.24, p = 0.003). The rs12803915 polymorphism was no associated with the risk of susceptibility to preB-ALL in any of the genetic models using in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that the A allele of the rs12402181 polymorphism may be considered as a genetic biomarker of preB-ALL susceptibility. Likewise, it was identified that the A allele of the rs12402181 polymorphism is an independent risk factor for ALL.

Assuntos

MicroRNAs , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , MicroRNAs/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética

RESUMO

AIM: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic condition in which both lifestyle and genetic factors have a pathogenic role. The LEP gene encodes leptin, which regulates appetite, body weight, and several metabolic functions. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), regulates food intake and energy balance. The aim of the study was to determine partial or complete deletions of genes associated with obesity in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples and DNA from 43 individuals diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonographic technique (Fibroscan) were obtained. The partial or complete deletions of genes were determined by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) using the SALSA probemix P220-B2 Obesity only on 43 individuals. Fifty blood samples from healthy individuals were included. RESULTS: Eleven out of 43 individuals analyzed by MLPA presented some deletion of the genes analyzed: six were female and five were male. The partial or complete deletion of the LEPR and POMC genes was observed in eight patients (18.6%), SIM1 in six patients (13.9%), GRIK2 and SH2B1 in two patients (4.7%), SEZGL2 in four patients (9.3%), and MCR4 in one patient (2.3%). CONCLUSION: Partial deletion was observed in LEPR, POMC, SIM1, GRIK2, SH2B1, SEZGL2, and MCR4 genes in 26% of the cases, and we suggest that these alterations probably has a potential relationship for the development of NAFLD.

Assuntos

Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/genética , Pró-Opiomelanocortina/genética

RESUMO

Background: The social distancing policies implemented by the health authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico and elsewhere led to major changes in teaching strategies for college undergraduates. So far, there is limited data regarding the impact of the lockdown on the academic stress and mental health of these students. Objective: To assess the occurrence of academic difficulties, anxiety, depression, and academic stressors resulting in somatization with subsequent coping strategies linked to the pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 728 medical students (years 1-5). A purposely designed questionnaire to assess academic difficulties associated with the pandemic was administered electronically. The validated Goldberg anxiety and depression scale was also used, as well as the SISCO-II inventory on academic stress. Results: Screening for anxiety and depression led to a prevalence of 67.9 and 81.3%, respectively. Most relevant stressors, reported always or nearly always, included professors' evaluations (63.9%), and reading overload of academic papers (50.6%). Factorial analyses showed that women were more prone to stress than men (p < 0.001). Somatization symptomatology included drowsiness or increased need of sleep, anxiety, anguish, desperation, chronic fatigue, and sleep disorders. Common coping strategies included practicing a hobby, done always or nearly always by 65% of students with high stress, and 34% of those with low stress (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a relevant impact of the mandatory lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical students reflected in the high prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and stressors in the studied population pointing to the need for designing and implementing preventive strategies to deal with the effects of lockdowns.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an inflammatory process that affects mainly synovial tissue in joints, and by the production of cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) antibodies. In the inflammatory process the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) transcription factor activation is a key point in the production of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, polymorphisms in several genes could contribute to the promotion of the inflammatory process observed in RA, and the association of the rs28362491 polymorphism in the NFkB gene with RA has been studied in different population. Therefore, it could be one of the interest targets to analyze their association with RA in a Mexican population.This is a case-control study to determine the influence of rs28362491 in the NFkB gene on RA and on clinical features of this disease, such as anti-CCP antibody levels, Disease Activity Score, and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index.The genotype of rs28362491 in the NFkB gene was determined in 140 RA patients and 135 healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method with the enzyme PflMI. The following clinical variables were also determined: anti-CCP levels, Disease Activity Score, and Spanish version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability-Index.Although no association of the polymorphism as a risk/protection factor with RA was found, the RA patients who carried the Ins/Ins genotype showed higher anti-CCP levels, while those with the Del/Del genotype showed higher Spanish version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index levels, compared to the other genotypes.The NFkB -94 Ins/Del ATTG (rs28362491) polymorphism is, therefore, associated with higher levels of anti-CCP antibodies, though no significant association as a risk or protection factor in RA cases was identified.

Assuntos

Anticorpos Antiproteína Citrulinada/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , NF-kappa B/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Autoanticorpos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Mutação INDEL , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos Cíclicos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: Sentinel surveillance in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico represented a significant cost reduction and was useful in estimating the population infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, it also implied that many patients were not screened and therefore had no accurate diagnosis. In this study, we carried out a population-based SARS-CoV-2 screening in Mexico to evaluate the COVID-19-related symptoms and their weighting in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss this data in the context of the operational definition of suspected cases of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority's consensus. Materials and Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-nine subjects were included. They were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The weighting of COVID-19 symptoms in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated statistically. Results: Three hundred and twenty-five patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 954 were negative. Fever, asthenia, dysgeusia, and oxygen saturation predicted SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratios ranged from 1.74 to 4.98; p < 0.05). The percentage of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients was 36% and only 38.15% met the Mexican operational definition. Cq-values for the gene N of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly higher in asymptomatic subjects than in the groups of COVID-19 patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dysgeusia, fever, and asthenia increased the odds of a positive result for COVID-19 1.74-4.98-fold among the study population. Patients with neurological, respiratory, and/or musculoskeletal manifestations had higher viral loads at COVID-19 diagnosis than those observed in asymptomatic patients. A high percentage of the participants in the study (61.85%) did not meet the operational definition for a suspected case of COVID-19 established by the Mexican Health Authority's consensus, representing a high percentage of the population that could have remained without a COVID-19 diagnosis, so becoming a potential source of virus spread.

Assuntos

COVID-19 , Pandemias , Teste para COVID-19 , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2

RESUMO

AIM: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) pathogenesis has focused on the adaptive immune response; however, innate immune responses may also play a role in the inflammatory response of AS. Dysregulated neutrophil activation can induce tissue damage and contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of immune complexes formed with the p30 of Salmonella typhimurium and anti-p30 antibodies present in the sera of AS patients and controls in inducing the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: We collected polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from healthy donors. The PMNs isolated were stimulated with p30 alone or in immunocomplexes formed with antibodies presents in sera of AS patients or control subjects. Then, the NETs were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1ß, IL-8 and IL-10, were determined using the Cytometric Bead Array kit. RESULTS: Significant difference was observed in the release of NETs between the neutrophils stimulated with p30 + AS (70.52 ± 16.24) those unstimulated neutrophils (9.94 ± 12.12; P = .0095), stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (39.78 ± 14.50; P = .0190), stimulated with control serum (CS) (10.85 ± 5.33; P = .0082) and serum of AS patient (10.28 ± 6.15; P = .0087). The stimulation of neutrophils with p30 alone induced a relatively low production of IL-6 (64.5 pg/mL), IL-8 (2658.3 pg/mL), IL-1ß (31.11 pg/mL), and TNF-α (3.8 pg/mL), compared to p30 + AS and p30 + CS groups. CONCLUSION: Our results show that neutrophils release NETs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to p30 in immunocomplexes. These findings could improve our understanding of the role of innate immunity in the initiation and/or maintenance of inflammatory responses, and in the progression of AS.

Assuntos

Citocinas/metabolismo , Armadilhas Extracelulares/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , Inflamação/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Espondilite Anquilosante/imunologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/patologia , Espondilite Anquilosante/patologia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: IKZF1 is a relevant gene associated with the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the rs4132601 (T>G) and rs11978267 (A>G) polymorphisms have been associated with the development of this disease in several populations. The aim of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the rs4132601 and rs11978267 polymorphisms in two indigenous Mexican groups (Cora and Huichol) and Mestizo populations from Nayarit, Mexico, and compare them with the frequencies of both polymorphisms in other populations of the world. METHODS: One hundred, 116, and 100 subjects from the Mestizo, Huichol, and Cora populations, respectively, all of them residents of the state of Nayarit, Mexico, were analyzed. The frequencies of rs4132601 and rs11978267 were determined by allelic discrimination using TaqMan assays. RESULTS: The allelic frequencies of rs4132601 were as follows: Mestizo group T = 0.74, G = 0.26; Cora T = 0.745, G = 0.255; and Huichol T = 0.47, G = 0.53. In the case of the rs11978267 polymorphism, the allelic frequencies were Mestizo A = 0.745, G = 0.255; Cora A = 0.735, G = 0.265; and Huichol A = 0.457, G = 0.543. For each population, both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSION: The Huichol population from Nayarit presented the highest frequencies of the risk allele reported to date in the whole world for both rs4132601 and rs11978267 polymorphisms.

Assuntos

Frequência do Gene , Fator de Transcrição Ikaros/genética , Povos Indígenas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México

RESUMO

The increase of insecurity levels in Mexico, as well as the fact that violence is a frequent experience among health personnel, motivated this study whose purpose was to evaluate the perception of security and violence that social service medical interns (SSMI) had on the institutions and localities where they carried out their social work and make visible the main types of violence to which they were exposed. This was a cross-sectional study, based on a perception survey self-administered to 157 SSMI from Zacatecas, in Mexico. A high proportion of the participants (75.8%) stated that they were victims of violence, describing 134 incidents; however, only 33.6% of SSMI made an official report. The reported incidents were related to organized crime (31.9%), verbal violence (20.6%), violence by the authorities (14.7%) and sexual harassment (11.8%). One hundred percent of the victims of sexual harassment were women (p = 0.039). According to the above, it is a priority to generate strategies to prevent and reduce the risk of exposure to the violence generated in the medical units and communities where SSMI carry out their activities as medical graduates, as well as, to efficiently process formal violence reports to promote a safe environment that favors the fulfillment of the practice of SSMIs in Mexico.

Assuntos

Serviço Social , Violência , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , México , Percepção

RESUMO

Resumen: En los últimos años la ecografía a la cabecera del paciente ha crecido exponencialmente. Su aplicación es observada en el quirófano, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, en urgencias, en la atención de primer nivel e incluso en el trabajo de campo. Es tan versátil que facilita el diagnóstico, mejora la monitorización de los pacientes y apoya en los procedimientos invasivos, todo esto de forma segura y eficaz. En el área de la educación médica ha permeado hasta el pregrado, donde ya se le propone como una herramienta didáctica que permite la vinculación entre el conocimiento de las ciencias básicas y la aplicación clínica. La ecografía corresponde a uno de los instrumentos más versátiles en la medicina contemporánea, por lo que se hace obligada y prioritaria una mayor capacitación e investigación en el tema.

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Abstract: In recent years, ultrasound at the patient's bedside has exponentially grown. Its application has been observed in the operating room, intensive care units, emergency rooms, first-level care and even in field work. It is so versatile that it facilitates diagnosis, improves patient monitoring and supports invasive procedures, all in a safe and effective manner. It has been used as a didactic tool in medical education that helps create a link between basic sciences and clinical application. Ultrasound is one of the most versatile instruments in contemporary medicine, hence, more training and research in the subject is a must and a priority.

RESUMO

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose association with SNPs has led to the identification of biomarkers in different populations. To determine the association of the -857C/T SNP of the TNFA gene with RA and clinical parameters, 233 RA patients and 237 healthy controls were included in this study. The -857C/T polymorphism was determined using the TaqMan® system and clinical features were also determined. We found that the -857C/T SNP was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our results showed no association of the -857C/T SNP with RA; however, RA patients carrying the TT genotype showed lower anti-CCP levels than other groups. Therefore, the TT genotype could be a risk factor for developing anti-CCP-negative RA. Our results suggest that the T allele of the TNFA -857C/T SNP exerts an influence on anti-CCP levels and could be a candidate marker for anti-CCP-negative RA.

Assuntos

Alelos , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/etiologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antiproteína Citrulinada/sangue , Anticorpos Antiproteína Citrulinada/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Vigilância da População

RESUMO

The IKZF1 gene is formed by 8 exons and encodes IKAROS, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that control cell cycle progression and cell survival. In general, 15-20% of the patients with preB acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB ALL) harbor IKZF1 deletions, and the frequency of these deletions increases in BCR-ABL1 or Ph-like subgroups. These deletions have been associated with poor treatment response and the risk of relapse. The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the frequency of IKZF1 deletions and the success of an induction therapy response in Mexican pediatric patients diagnosed with preB ALL in 2 hospitals from 2017 to August 2018. Thirty-six bone marrow samples from patients at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría in Mexico City and the Centro Estatal de Cancerología in Tepic were analyzed. The IKZF1 deletion was identified by MLPA using the SALSA MLPA P335 ALL-IKZF1 probemix. Deletions of at least 1 IKZF1 exon were observed in 7/34 samples (20.6%): 3 with 1 exon deleted; 1 with 2 exons, 1 with 5 exons, 1 with 6 exons, and 1 patient with a complete IKZF1 deletion. This study was descriptive in nature; we calculated the frequency of the IKZF1 gene deletion in a Mexican pediatric population with preB ALL as 20.6%.

Assuntos

Fator de Transcrição Ikaros/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Medula Óssea/química , Medula Óssea/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genes Neoplásicos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/etnologia , Indução de Remissão , Deleção de Sequência , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

A new species of treefrog from the genus Charadrahyla is described from the cloud forest of western Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Charadrahyla sakbah sp. nov., is distinguished from the rest of the species in the genus by the large body size (81.15-85.75 mm and 67.91-73.21 mm in adult females and males respectively), axillary membrane, adult males with hypertrophied webbings between toes I and II, nuptial excrescences, one enlarged conical tubercle on either side of vent, vocal slits absent, and sexual dimorphism in the snout shape in dorsal profile (rounded and acuminate in females and males respectively). The hypertrophied webbings are a unique character among other hylids of Middle America, and are only present in C. trux, C. tecuani and the species described herein. These three species inhabit the cloud forest of the Sierra Madre del Sur, and are probably closely related. However, more detailed phylogenetic analyses are needed to define the internal relationships of the genus. The cloud forest in the Sierra Madre del Sur continues to be known for a high number of endemic species. However, the cloud forest faces several threats due to its limited distribution that make it a priority ecosystem for conservation.

Assuntos

Anuros , Florestas , Animais , Ecossistema , Feminino , Masculino , México , Filogenia

RESUMO

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) was first reported in China in 2009 and afterwards in Mexico in 2013. AHPND is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and affects Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp cultures. The bacterium contains the pirA- and pirB-like genes in 69- to 70-Kb plasmids, which encode the toxins that produce the disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether pirA- and pirB-like genes existed in bacterial genera distinct from Vibrio before the first cases of AHPND were documented in Mexico. Two bacterial isolates were selected from shrimp farms in Nayarit in 2006 and analysed by nested-PCR to determine the presence of pirA- and pirB-like genes. The two isolates chosen did indeed show the presence of these genes, and those findings were confirmed by sequencing. Both strains matched to the bacterial species Micrococcus luteus. Results revealed two important situations: (a) the pirA- and pirB-like genes were present in a bacterial species that has not been reported previously (Micrococcus luteus); and (b) pirA- and pirB-like bacterial genes were present in Mexico before the first AHPND outbreak was reported in China.

Assuntos

Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Micrococcus luteus/genética , Animais , México , Penaeidae/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to characterize milk production and preweaning development of lambs from Katahdin and Saint Croix sheep. Milk production was measured weekly, from birth to 8 weeks using oxytocin technique, in 12 Katahdin (62.0 ± 5.0 kg) and 11 Saint Croix (46.2 ± 4.83 kg) multiparous ewes. The mean daily milk production for the Katahdin ewes was 1.38 ± 0.54 L/day and for the Saint Croix ewes it was 1.26 ± 0.49 L/day (P > 0.05) (mean ± SE for each group). However, more colostrum was produced immediately after parturition by the Katahdin than Saint Croix ewes (P < 0.001). The lamb's weight and weight gain were recorded weekly. The birth weight of lambs from both breeds was similar but at weaning, the Katahdin lambs were heavier (16.46 ± 0.58 kg) than the Saint Croix lambs (12.90 ± 0.59 kg) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between daily milk yield and daily gain weight in both breeds, but with a greater slope in Katahdin lambs in comparison with Saint Croix lambs. It was concluded that Saint Croix and Katahdin hair sheep breeds produced similar amounts of milk during lactation, but the latter produced heavier lambs at weaning.

Assuntos

Lactação/fisiologia , Leite , Carneiro Doméstico/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Animais , Peso ao Nascer , Peso Corporal , Cruzamento , Feminino , Cabelo , Parto , Gravidez , Carne Vermelha , Ovinos , Especificidade da Espécie , Temperatura , Desmame , Aumento de Peso

RESUMO

To evaluate the effect of maca (Lepidium meyenii) supplementation on the sexual capacity of males, 40 rams were classified as high (HP) and low performers (LP). Within each category (n = 20), ten rams were supplemented with 233 mg of dry maca/kg of body weight/day during four weeks, followed by four weeks of a control diet (residual), while the rest of the animals remained as controls during the eight-weeks period. LP rams increased (P < 0.05) all sexual behaviors during maca supplementation up to HP levels, decreasing to control planes one week after the supplementation ceased. In contrast, in HP rams, maca supplementation only increased genital sniffs and nudging, while mounts and ejaculations remained unaffected during both supplementation and residual phases. It was concluded that maca supplementation affects males differently, according to their original sexual capacity.

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Con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con maca (Lepidium meyenii) en la capacidad de servicio de los machos, 40 carneros se clasificaron como de alto (HP) y bajo desempeño sexual (LP). Dentro de cada categoría (n = 20), diez carneros se suplementaron con 233 mg de maca seca/kg de peso corporal/día durante cuatro semanas, seguidos de cuatro semanas de dieta control (residual), mientras que el resto de los animales permanecieron como testigos durante las ocho semanas. Los carneros LP incrementaron (P<0.05) todas sus conductas sexuales durante la suplementación hasta niveles similares a los mostrados por carneros HP, disminuyendo a niveles del grupo control una semana después de terminada la suplementación. En contraste, en los carneros HP, la suplementación con maca sólo incrementó las conductas de olfateo genital y cortejo, sin embargo montas y eyaculaciones permanecieron sin cambios tanto durante la fase de suplementación como la residual. Se concluye que la suplementación con maca actúa diferente en machos de acuerdo a su capacidad de servicio.

Assuntos

Masculino , Animais , Lepidium/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Ovinos , Afrodisíacos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Reprodução

RESUMO

Fundamento: en los últimos años la tuberculosis ha resurgido como un problema sanitario de primera magnitud en el mundo entero, tanto en los países en vías de desarrollo, como en los desarrollados. El avance en la obtención de vacunas y de nuevas drogas más efectivas, depende en gran medida del conocimiento en relación con las características del patógeno, así como los mecanismos que utiliza el mismo para evadir la respuesta inmune y por ende el efecto de la vacuna. Objetivo: argumentar la evasión de la respuesta inmune ejercida por el mycobacterium tuberculosis, tomando como basamento algunos mecanismos recientemente descubiertos. Métodos: Se emplearon los descriptores del Medical Subject Headings y Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud donde se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 60 artículos publicados, de ellos se escogieron 30 artículos correspondientes a la última década para conformar la investigación. La disminución o ausencia de la respuesta celular adaptativa en la infección primaria por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tiene produce un crecimiento incontrolado del bacilo en los pulmones y disminución de la supervivencia, existiendo diversos factores implicados en la patogénesis como en la activación del sistema inmune. Conclusiones: este germen es capaz de modular las respuestas de linfocitos T cooperadores o linfocitos cluster de diferenciación 4 y 8 a través de la reducción de la síntesis y producción de diversas citoquinas así como de la inhibición o inducción de diversos procesos de la célula hospedera. La interleucina-12 juega un papel importante en la regulación de la infección por este germen.

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Background: in the last years, tuberculosis has re-emerged as a public health problem of paramount importance worldwide, in developed countries and in developing countries. The advances in the obtaining of vaccines and new more effective drugs depend to a great extent on the knowledge about the characteristics of the pathogen and about the mechanisms that it uses to evade the immune response and thus the effect of the vaccine. Objective: to argue the evasion of the immune response caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, based on some mechanisms recently discovered. Methods: descriptors from the Medical Subject Headings and Health Sciences Descriptors were used to make a bibliographic review of 60 published articles. Thirty articles from the last decade were chosen to constitute the research. The decrease or absence of an adaptable cellular response in the primary infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis causes an uncontrollable growth of the bacillus in the lungs and a fall in the survival, being some factors involved in the pathogenesis and in the activation of the immune system. Conclusions: this germ is able to modulate the responses of T helper cells or clusters of differentiation 4 and 8 through the reduction of the synthesis and creation of various types of cytokines as well as the inhibition and induction of different processes of the host cell. Interleukin 12 plays an important role in the regulation of the infection of this germ.