RESUMO
Antecedentes: Los efectos ocasionados por los fenómenos de origen natural han ido en aumento, agravando la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones expuestas. Resulta necesario medir la capacidad de resiliencia de la comunidad para hacer frente a este tipo de situaciones adversas. El objetivo del estudio fue la construcción y validación de una escala de autoinforme de resiliencia comunitaria. Método: Los ítems se basaron en la propuesta de Twigg (2007) y Suárez-Ojeda (2001). Para la validación del instrumento se empleó la V de Aiken y el análisis semi-confirmatorio (McDonald, 2005). Se contó con una muestra de 290 participantes con un rango de edad de 18 a 78 años, de los municipios de Jojutla y Yautepec del Estado de Morelos (México). Resultados: Se obtuvo una escala final unidimensional conformada por 16 ítems, consistencia interna ⦠= .924. Conclusiones: Esta escala puede ser de utilidad para quienes trabajan en la gestión integral de riesgos de desastres.
Antecedentes: Os efeitos causados por fenômenos naturais vêm aumentando, agravando a vulnerabilidade das populações expostas. É necessário mensurar a capacidade de resiliência da comunidade para lidar com esse tipo de situação adversa. O objetivo do estudo foi a construção e a validação de uma escala de autorrelato de resiliência comunitária. Método: Os itens foram baseados na proposta de Twigg (2007) e Suárez-Ojeda (2001). Para validação do instrumento, utilizou-se o V do AIKEN e a análise semiconfirmatória (McDonald, 2005). A amostra foi de 290 participantes, com faixa etária de 18 a 78 anos, dos municípios de Jojutla e Yautepec do Estado de Morelos (México). Resultados: Obteve-se uma escala final unidimensional composta por 16 itens, consistência interna Ω = 0,924. Conclusões: Esta escala pode ser útil para quem trabalha na gestão integral do risco de desastres.
Background: The effects caused by natural phenomena have been increasing, aggravating the vulnerability of exposed populations. It is necessary to measure the resilience capacity of the community to face this type of adverse situations. The objective of the study was the construction and validation of a self-report scale of community resilience. Method: The items were based on the proposal of Twigg (2007) and Suárez-Ojeda (2001). The AIKEN V and semi-confirmatory analysis (McDonald, 2005) were used to validate the instrument. There was a sample of 290 participants with an age range of 18 to 78 years, from the municipalities of Jojutla and Yautepec in the State of Morelos (Mexico). Results: A final unidimensional scale made up of 16 items was obtained, internal consistency Ω = .924. Conclusions: This scale can be useful for those working in integrated disaster risk management.
RESUMO
One hundred and sixty-one Mexican respondents completed a questionnaire that measured beliefs and attitudes toward hysterectomy and another that measured gender-role ideology in marriage (GRIMQ). The participants were divided into two groups according to the GRIMQ: "high machismo/marianismo" and "low machismo/marianismo" groups. The participants belonging to the first group showed the most negative attitudes toward hysterectomy. In this group, men showed more negative attitudes toward hysterctomy and were less likely than women to believe that hysterectomy has positive aspects. The findings are discussed in light of male dominance and female subordination that prevail in certain cultural groups of Mexico.xs.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Identidade de Gênero , Histerectomia/psicologia , Casamento/etnologia , Adulto , Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento/psicologia , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Several recent studies have identified the significant role social trust in regulatory organizations plays in the public acceptance of various technologies and activities. In a cross-cultural investigation, the current work explores empirically the relationship between social trust in management authorities and the degree of public acceptability of hazards for individuals residing in either developed or emerging Latin American economies using confirmatory rather than exploratory techniques. Undergraduates in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile and the United States and Spain assessed trust in regulatory authorities, public acceptance, personal knowledge, and the risks and benefits for 23 activities and technological hazards. Four findings were encountered. (i) In Latin American nations trust in regulatory entities was strongly and significantly (directly as well as indirectly) linked with the public's acceptance of any activity or technology. In developed countries trust and acceptability are essentially linked indirectly (through perceived risk and perceived benefit). (ii) Lack of knowledge strengthened the magnitude and statistical significance of the trust-acceptability relationship in both developed and developing countries. (iii) For high levels of claimed knowledge, the impact on the trust-acceptability relationship varied depending upon the origin of the sample. (iv) Confirmatory analysis revealed the relative importance of perceived benefit over perceived risk in meditating the trust-acceptability causal chain.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Medição de Risco , Confiança , Humanos , América Latina , Modelos Teóricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to validate, in Mexico, the French coping scale "Echelle Toulousaine de Coping". MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the fall of 2001, the scale questionnaire was applied to 209 subjects living in different areas of Mexico, exposed to five different types of extreme natural or industrial risks. The discriminatory capacity of the items, as well as the factorial structure and internal consistency of the scale, were analyzed using Mann-Whitney's U test, principal components factorial analysis, and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The final scale was composed of 26 items forming two groups: active coping and passive coping. Internal consistency of the instrument was high, both in the total sample and in the subsample of natural and industrial risks. CONCLUSIONS: The coping scale is reliable and valid for the Mexican population. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Validar, en población mexicana, una escala de afrontamiento, adaptada de la escala francesa "Echèlle Toulousaine de Coping". MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En el otoño de 2001 la escala se aplicó a 209 sujetos que habitaban en diversas zonas de México, expuestos a cinco diferentes tipos de riesgo extremo, entre los cuales se distinguen riesgos naturales y riesgos industriales. Se analizó la capacidad discriminatoria de los reactivos, así como la estructura factorial y la consistencia interna de la prueba. Se emplearon los métodos U de Mann-Whitney, análisis factorial de componentes principales y alpha de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: La escala final es de 26 reactivos que se agruparon en dos factores: afrontamiento activo y afrontamiento pasivo. La consistencia interna del instrumento es muy alta, tanto en la muestra total como en la submuestra de riesgos naturales y riesgos industriales. CONCLUSIONES: La escala de afrontamiento que proponemos es confiable y válida para la población mexicana.