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1.
Rev Sci Instrum ; 95(1)2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38276897

RESUMO

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), produced by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), is the official worldwide time reference. Given that there is no physical signal associated with UTC, physical realizations of the UTC, called UTC(k), are very important for demanding applications such as global navigation satellite systems, communication networks, and national defense and security, among others. Therefore, the prediction of the time differences UTC-UTC(k) is important to maintain the accuracy and stability of the UTC(k) timescales. In this paper, we report for the first time the use of a deep learning (DL) technique called Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to predict a sequence of H futures values of the time differences UTC-UTC(k) for ten different UTC(k) timescales. UTC-UTC(k) time differences published on the monthly Circular T document of the BIPM are used as training samples. We utilize a multiple-input, multiple-output prediction strategy. After a training process where about 300 past values of the difference UTC-UTC(k) are used, H (H = 6) values of the Circular T can be predicted using p (typically p = 6) past values. The model has been tested with data from ten different UTC(k) timescales. When comparing GRU results with other standard DL algorithms, we found that the GRU approximation has a good performance in predicting UTC(k) timescales. According to our results, the GRU error in predicting UTC-UTC(k) values is typically 1 ns. The frequency instability of the UTC(k) timescale is the main limitation in reducing the GRU error in the time difference prediction.

2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448715

RESUMO

Introducción: el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave se convirtió en una pandemia, y ocasionó elevada morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial, al no contarse con un tratamiento eficaz ni el reconocimiento oportuno de los individuos de peor pronóstico. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de pronosticar el riesgo de morir en los pacientes con la COVID-19, mediante un modelo basado en factores pronósticos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de analítico de cohorte en pacientes con la COVID-19 atendidos en los servicios del hospital "Covid-19" del hospital provincial general "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" del municipio Bayamo, provincia de Granma, desde el 1ero de enero 2020 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Resultados: el modelo de regresión logística binaria ajustado por el método introducir, demostró que los factores sobresalientes fueron padecer de cáncer (OR= 8,21; IC 95% = 1,58-11,35; p= 0,023) seguido de proteína C reactiva (OR= 7,91; IC 95% = 4,46-9,87; p= 0,000) y la hipertensión arterial (OR= 7,15; IC 95 %= 4,41-11,42; p= 0,000). La prueba de Hosmer y Lemeshow con valor de p= 0,582 con indicador de buena calibración del modelo. El área bajo la curva COR fue de 0,894 (intervalo de confianza: 0,846-0,942; p=0,000) demostrando la validez del modelo. Conclusiones: se demuestra el lugar que ocupan el antecedente de cáncer y de hipertensión arterial como comorbilidad relacionada con el riesgo de morir por la COVID-19, así como los reactantes de inflamación, donde sobresalen la proteína C reactiva, la deshidrogenasa láctica y la eritrosedimentación. Se obtiene un modelo con capacidad discriminativa adecuada.


Introduction: severe acute respiratory syndrome became a pandemic, and caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide, since there was no effective treatment or timely recognition of individuals with the worst prognosis. Objective: to assess the ability to predict the risk of dying in patients with COVID-19, using a model based on prognostic factors. Methodos: a cohort analytical study was carried out in patients with covid-19 treated in the services of the "COVID-19" hospital of the "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" provincial general hospital of the Bayamo municipality, Granma province, since january 1, 2020 until december 31, 2022. Results: the binary logistic regression model adjusted by the introduce method showed that the outstanding factors were, in order of importance, suffering from cancer (OR= 8.21; 95 % CI= 1.58-11.35; p= 0.023) followed by protein C reactive (OR= 7.91; 95 % CI= 4.46-9.87; p= 0.000) and arterial hypertension (OR= 7.15; 95 % CI= 4.41-11.42; p= 0.000). The Hosmer and Lemeshow test with a value of p= 0.582 with an indicator of good calibration of the model. The area under the ROC curve was 0.894 (confidence interval: 0.846-0.942; p=0.000), demonstrating the validity of the model. Conclusions: the place of a history of cancer and high blood pressure as comorbidity related to the risk of dying from COVID-19is demonstrated, as well as inflammation reactants, where C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate stand out. A model with adequate discriminative capacity is obtained.


Introdução: a síndrome respiratória aguda grave tornou-se uma pandemia, causando alta morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, pois não houve tratamento efetivo ou reconhecimento oportuno de indivíduos com pior prognóstico. Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade de prever o risco de morte em pacientes com COVID-19, utilizando um modelo baseado em fatores prognósticos. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de coorte analítico em pacientes com COVID-19 tratados nos serviços do hospital geral provincial "Covid-19" do hospital geral provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" no município de Bayamo, província de Granma, de 1º de janeiro de 2020 a 31 de dezembro de 2022. Resultados: o modelo de regressão logística binária ajustado pelo método introduce mostrou que os fatores de destaque foram ter câncer (OR= 8,21; IC 95% = 1,58-11,35; p= 0,023), seguida da proteína C reativa (OR= 7,91; IC 95% = 4,46-9,87; p= 0,000) e hipertensão arterial (OR= 7,15; IC 95%= 4,41-11,42; p= 0,000). O teste de Hosmer e Lemeshow com valor de p = 0,582 com indicador de boa calibração do modelo. A área sob a curva COR foi de 0,894 (intervalo de confiança: 0,846-0,942; p=0,000), demonstrando a validade do modelo. Conclusões: demonstra-se o lugar ocupado pela história de câncer e hipertensão como comorbidade relacionada ao risco de morrer por COVID-19, bem como os reagentes da inflamação, onde se destacam a proteína C-reativa, a desidrogenase lática e a hemossedimentação. Obtém-se um modelo com adequada capacidade discriminativa.

3.
Medisur ; 20(6)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440603

RESUMO

Fundamento: la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico es la complicación médica con mayor impacto en este grupo de pacientes por aumentar el riesgo de recurrencia, disminuir la recuperación funcional y triplicar el número de muertes. Objetivo: crear y validar un nuevo índice predictivo de neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico. Métodos: se estudiaron 725 pacientes con diagnóstico de ictus isquémico, pertenecientes a una cohorte prospectiva, atendidos en el Hospital General Provincial Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, de Bayamo, provincia de Granma. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en una cohorte de construcción con 509 pacientes para la creación del índice, y otra cohorte de validación con 216 pacientes. Se obtuvo un nuevo índice cuantitativo de cuatro categorías de riesgo, a partir de los coeficientes de regresión correspondientes de cada predictor independiente. Resultados: las variables que mayor puntuación aportaron al índice fueron la disfagia (28), la escala de NIHSS ≥ 12 puntos (24) y la insuficiencia cardiaca (22). El nuevo índice presentó buena capacidad discriminativa (área bajo la curva ROC = 0,94). En la muestra de validación mostró mejor capacidad de discriminación, mayor validez y confiabilidad al compararse con los índices internacionales A2DS2 e ISAN. Conclusión: el nuevo índice creado y validado permite predecir satisfactoriamente el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico. Es una herramienta útil y segura para su empleo en la práctica asistencial.


Background pneumonia associated with ischemic stroke is the medical complication with the greatest impact in this group of patients, as it increases the risk of recurrence, decreases functional recovery and triples the number of deaths. Objective to create and validate a new predictive index of pneumonia associated with ischemic stroke. Methods 725 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke, belonging to a prospective cohort, treated at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Provincial General Hospital in Bayamo, Granma province, were studied. The sample was randomly divided into a construction cohort with 509 patients for the creation of the index, and another validation cohort with 216 patients. A new quantitative index of four risk categories was obtained from the corresponding regression coefficients of each independent predictor. Results the variables that contributed the highest score to the index were dysphagia (28), the NIHSS scale ≥ 12 points (24) and heart failure (22). The new index presented good discriminative capacity (area under the ROC curve = 0.94). In the validation sample, it showed better discrimination capacity, greater validity and reliability when compared with the international A2DS2 and ISAN indices. Conclusion the new index created and validated allows to satisfactorily predict the development of pneumonia associated with ischemic stroke. It is a useful and safe tool for use in healthcare practice.

4.
Medisur ; 20(5): 935-945, sept.-oct. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405981

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento la neumonía asociada al ictus está relacionada con un incremento de la mortalidad, disminución de la recuperación funcional y prolongación de la estadía hospitalaria, con el consiguiente impacto económico en los servicios de salud. Objetivo identificar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico. Métodos estudio observacional analítico, de cohorte prospectiva, con 725 pacientes con diagnóstico de ictus isquémico, atendidos en el hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (Bayamo, provincia de Granma), desde enero de 2015 hasta el julio de 2019. La asociación de las variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos personales, hábitos tóxicos, condiciones propias del ictus, la disfagia, los marcadores bioquímicos y de inmunonutrición con el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico se determinó con el uso de la regresión logística binaria. Resultados del total de pacientes estudiados el 21,5 % desarrolló neumonía asociada al ictus. Los principales factores de riesgo fueron la disfagia (OR= 13,9), la EPOC (OR= 13,9) y una puntuación en la escala de NIHSS ≥ 12 puntos (OR= 8,31). El germen que se aisló con mayor frecuencia fue el Enterobacter aerogenes (26,3 %). Con relación a los criterios clínicos cumplidos, el 89,1 % presentó alteración leucocitaria. Conclusión el modelo de regresión logística permitió identificar los factores relacionados con el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico basado en datos disponibles de modo habitual en la práctica asistencial.


ABSTRACT Background stroke-associated pneumonia is related to increased mortality, decreased functional recovery and prolonged hospital stay, with the consequent economic impact on health services. Objective to identify the risk factors for the development of pneumonia associated with ischemic stroke. Methods analytical observational study, prospective cohort, with 725 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke, treated at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Hospital (Bayamo, province of Granma), from January 2015 to July 2019. The association of the variables Sociodemographic, personal pathological history, toxic habits, stroke conditions, dysphagia, biochemical and immunonutritional markers with the development of pneumonia associated with ischemic stroke were determined using binary logistic regression. Results Of the total number of patients studied, 21.5% developed pneumonia associated with stroke. The main risk factors were dysphagia (OR= 13.9), COPD (OR= 13.9) and a score on the NIHSS scale ≥ 12 points (OR= 8.31). The most frequently isolated germ was Enterobacter aerogenes (26.3%). In relation to the fulfilled clinical criteria, 89.1% presented leukocyte alteration. Conclusion the logistic regression model made it possible to identify the factors related to the development of pneumonia associated with ischemic stroke based on data available on a regular basis in healthcare practice.

5.
Multimed (Granma) ; 26(2)abr. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406089

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: la migraña es una enfermedad frecuente y discapacitante, sin embargo, existen pocas investigaciones sobre los factores predictivos de la discapacidad. Objetivo: crear un modelo teórico explicativo de la interrelación dinámica entre los factores asociados a la discapacidad por migraña y a su vez la relación individual de cada uno de estos factores con la discapacidad. Métodos: para la realización de esta investigación se asumió el enfoque racionalista-deductivo como postura epistemológica, y los métodos hipotético-deductivo y sistémico-estructural para su consecución. Resultados: se expusieron elementos teóricos reveladores de la compleja relación que existe entre la discapacidad por migraña y sus factores determinantes. Conclusiones: se creó un modelo explicativo de la interrelación dinámica entre los diferentes factores con influencia independiente sobre la discapacidad por migraña y a su vez la relación individual de cada uno de estos factores con la discapacidad.


ABSTRACT Introduction: migraine is a common and disabling disease, however, there is little research on the predictive factors of disability. Objective: to create an explanatory theoretical model of the dynamic interrelation between the factors associated with migraine disability and, in turn, the individual relationship of each of these factors with disability. Methods: to carry out this research, the rationalist-deductive approach was assumed as an epistemological position, and the hypothetical-deductive and systemic-structural methods were used to achieve it. Results: revealing theoretical elements of the complex relationship that exists between disability due to migraine and its determining factors were exposed. Conclusions: an explanatory model of the dynamic interrelation between the different factors with independent influence on migraine disability and, in turn, the individual relationship of each of these factors with disability was created.


RESUMO Introdução: a enxaqueca é uma doença comum e incapacitante, entretanto, há poucas pesquisas sobre os fatores preditivos de incapacidade. Objetivo: criar um modelo teórico explicativo da inter-relação dinâmica entre os fatores associados à incapacidade da enxaqueca e, por sua vez, a relação individual de cada um desses fatores com a incapacidade. Métodos: para a realização desta pesquisa, assumiu-se como posição epistemológica a abordagem racionalista-dedutiva, e para alcançá-la foram utilizados os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural. Resultados: foram expostos elementos teóricos reveladores da complexa relação que existe entre a incapacidade por enxaqueca e seus fatores determinantes. Conclusões: foi criado um modelo explicativo da inter-relação dinâmica entre os diferentes fatores com influência independente na incapacidade da enxaqueca e, por sua vez, a relação individual de cada um desses fatores com a incapacidade.

6.
Brain Sci ; 12(2)2022 Feb 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35203997

RESUMO

In recent years, deep learning models have demonstrated an inherently better ability to tackle non-linear classification tasks, due to advances in deep learning architectures. However, much remains to be achieved, especially in designing deep convolutional neural network (CNN) configurations. The number of hyper-parameters that need to be optimized to achieve accuracy in classification problems increases with every layer used, and the selection of kernels in each CNN layer has an impact on the overall CNN performance in the training stage, as well as in the classification process. When a popular classifier fails to perform acceptably in practical applications, it may be due to deficiencies in the algorithm and data processing. Thus, understanding the feature extraction process provides insights to help optimize pre-trained architectures, better generalize the models, and obtain the context of each layer's features. In this work, we aim to improve feature extraction through the use of a texture amortization map (TAM). An algorithm was developed to obtain characteristics from the filters amortizing the filter's effect depending on the texture of the neighboring pixels. From the initial algorithm, a novel geometric classification score (GCS) was developed, in order to obtain a measure that indicates the effect of one class on another in a classification problem, in terms of the complexity of the learnability in every layer of the deep learning architecture. For this, we assume that all the data transformations in the inner layers still belong to a Euclidean space. In this scenario, we can evaluate which layers provide the best transformations in a CNN, allowing us to reduce the weights of the deep learning architecture using the geometric hypothesis.

7.
HardwareX ; 7: e00087, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35495211

RESUMO

Hyperspectral Imaging Sensors (HSI) obtain spectral information from an object, and they are used to solve problems in Remote Sensing, Food Analysis, Precision Agriculture, and others. This paper took advantage of modern high-resolution cameras, electronics, and optics to develop a robust, low-cost, and easy to assemble HSI device. This device could be used to evaluate new algorithms for hyperspectral image analysis and explore its feasibility to develop new applications on a low-budget. It weighs up to 300 g, detects wavelengths from 400 nm-1052 nm, and generates up to 315 different wavebands with a spectral resolution up to 2.0698 nm. Its spatial resolution of 116 × 110 pixels works for many applications. Furthermore, with only 2% of the cost of commercial HSI devices with similar characteristics, it has shown high spectral accuracy in controlled light conditions as well as ambient light conditions. Unlike related works, the proposed HSI system includes a framework to build the proposed HSI from scratch. This framework decreases the complexity of building an HSI device as well as the processing time. It contains every needed 3D model, a calibration method, the image acquisition software, and the methodology to build and calibrate the proposed HSI device. Therefore, the proposed HSI system is portable, reusable, and lightweight.

8.
Medisur ; 17(6): 797-805, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125153

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: La neumonía constituye la complicación más importante del ictus isquémico agudo. Tiene un serio impacto en el pronóstico, en la estadía y en la recuperación funcional de los pacientes. Objetivo: elaborar un índice para predecir la neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico agudo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo, basado en una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y por tomografía axial computarizada de infarto cerebral isquémico agudo (N=375), atendidos en el Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, desde enero del 2016 hasta diciembre 2018. Se obtuvo un índice cuantitativo, a partir de los coeficientes de regresión correspondientes a cada predictor independiente, el cual fue subdividido en cuatro categorías de riesgo. Resultados: el 22,1 % de los pacientes desarrolló neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico agudo. El índice presentó buena capacidad discriminativa (área bajo la curva ROC 0,928), con un valor predictivo positivo de 97,60 %, una sensibilidad de 92,23 %, especificidad de 89,39 %, y una razón de verosimilitud positiva de 8,70. El valor del coeficiente de asociación Eta fue de 0,740. Conclusión: el índice formulado está compuesto por parámetros fiables, fácilmente disponibles y rápidos de aplicar en las primeras 24-48 horas del infarto cerebral isquémico agudo, y permite predecir el desarrollo de la neumonía asociada a este.


ABSTRACT Foundation: Pneumonia is the most important complication of acute ischemic stroke. It has a serious impact on prognosis, on stay and on patients´ functional recovery. Objective: to prepare an index aimed at predicting pneumonia associated with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A comparative study was conducted, based on a prospective cohort of patients with clinical diagnosis and confirmed by computed tomography of acute ischemic cerebral infarction (N = 375), treated at the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes University General Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2018. A quantitative index was obtained, based on the regression coefficients corresponding to each independent predictor, which was subdivided into four risk categories. Results: 22.1 % of the patients developed pneumonia associated with acute ischemic stroke. The index presented good discriminative capacity (area under the ROC curve 0.928), with a positive predictive value of 97.60 %, a sensitivity of 92.23 %, specificity of 89.39%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 8,70. The value of the Eta association coefficient was 0.740. Conclusion: the formulated index is composed of reliable parameters, easily available and quick to apply in the first 24-48 hours of acute ischemic cerebral infarction, and allows predicting the development of pneumonia associated with it.

9.
Medisan ; 22(8)set.-oct. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-976156

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de casos y testigos en pacientes con migraña, diagnosticados mediante un estudio transversal efectuado en el municipio Bayamo de la provincia Granma, entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2009, con el objetivo de construir y validar un índice predictivo del riesgo de desarrollar la discapacidad moderada a grave por migraña. La construcción del índice incluyó la selección de los factores de riesgo y el cálculo de sus ponderaciones. Se obtuvo un índice cuantitativo que fue subdividido en 4 categorías de riesgo, mientras que la validez fue satisfactoria en todos los aspectos evaluados. Dicho índice demostró tener buena capacidad discriminativa (área bajo la curva ROC 0,937) y permitió diagnosticar correctamente a 89,74 por ciento de los pacientes, con sensibilidad de 86,73 por ciento y especificidad de 91,12 por ciento. El índice de Kappa interobservador fue de 0,950 (p=0,000), el global de 0,965 (p=0,000) y el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, de 0,627.


A cases and control study was carried out in patients with migraine, diagnosed by means of a cross-sectional study in Bayamo municipality, Granma province, between January, 2007 to December, 2009, with the objective of creating and validating a predictive index for the risk of developing moderate to severe disability due to migraine. The creation of the index included the selection of risk factors and the calculation of its values. A quantitative index was obtained which was subdivided in 4 categories of risk, while the validity was satisfactory in all the evaluated aspects. This index demonstrated to have good discriminative capacity (area under the curve ROC 0.937) and it allowed to diagnose correctly 89.74 percent of the patients, with sensibility of 86.74 percent and specificity of 91.12 percent. The Kappa index between observers was 0.950 (p=0.000), the global index was 0.965 (p=0.000) and the coefficient Alpha of Cronbach, 0.627.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Enxaqueca com Aura/etiologia , Previsões , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Deficiência Intelectual
10.
Medisur ; 16(4): 542-551, jul.-ago. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-955088

RESUMO

Fundamento: La neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico agudo es un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad a corto plazo, también se asocia con una pobre recuperación funcional. La revisión del estado del tema, demuestra que se requiere de estudios, tanto a nivel local como nacional, que ayuden a ganar en claridad acerca de los factores de riesgo en las unidades de instituciones hospitalarias cubanas.Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo de neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico agudo.Métodos: estudio de casos (N=50) y testigos (N=100) anidado en una cohorte prospectiva de 343 pacientes con el diagnóstico de ictus isquémico agudo, admitidos de modo consecutivo en el Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, desde enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2017. Los factores de riesgo independientes se obtuvieron usando la regresión logística binaria.Resultados: el total de casos con neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico agudo fue de 33,3 %. Se identificaron los siguientes factores de riesgo: historia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (OR: 9,74; IC 95 % 2,047-46,410), disfagia (OR: 7,822; IC 95 % 2,525-24,236), puntuación de Glasgow ≤ 11 puntos (OR: 4,699; IC 95 % 1,917-11,520) y disartria/afasia motora severa (OR: 4,432; IC 95 % 1,562- 12,576).Conclusión: los factores de riesgo de neumonía asociada al ictus isquémico agudo, más influyentes en la serie estudiada, también lo han sido en estudios similares, realizados tanto dentro como fuera de Cuba, sobresaliendo más unos u otros en las diferentes investigaciones.


Foundation: pneumonia associated to acute ischemic stroke is a risk factor for short term mortality, it is also associated with a poor functional recovery. The review of the topic state shows that it requires studies, at local and national levels which help to clarify on the risk factors in the Cuban hospital institutions.Objective: to identify th erisk factors of pneumonia associated to acute ischemic stroke.Methods: case study (N=50) and witness (N=100) nested in in prospective cohort of 343 patients with the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, admitted consecutively in the University General Hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, from January 2015 to December 2017. Independent risk factors were obtained by using binary logistic regression.Results: the total of cases with pneumonia associated to acute ischemic stroke was of 33,3 %. The following risk factors were identified: History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 9,74; IC 95 % 2,047-46,410), dysphagia (OR: 7,822; IC 95 % 2,525-24,236), scale of Glasgow ≤ 11 points (OR: 4,699; IC 95 % 1,917-11,520) and severe motor dysarthria/aphasia (OR: 4,432; IC 95 % 1,562- 12,576).Conclusion: the most influential risk factors for pneumonia associated to acute ischemic stroke in the series studied have been similar in other studies realized in Cub and in other countries, some standing out more than others in different research.

11.
Rev. cuba. med ; 55(2): 114-129, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-795961

RESUMO

Introducción: la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad constituye un motivo frecuente de consulta médica y es causa de elevadas morbilidad y mortalidad en el adulto, pero la decisión de ingresar a un paciente se basa en el empleo de escalas pronósticas que no siempre se ajustan a un contexto geográfico en particular. Objetivo: diseñar y validar un índice, basado en factores pronósticos que permita predecir el riesgo de morir en adultos mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Métodos: se realizó el diseño y la validación de un índice pronóstico de muerte de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, mediante un estudio de cohorte, para determinar el riesgo de morir en pacientes que ingresaron en los servicios de Medicina Interna y Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, de Bayamo, Granma, desde el 1 de febrero de 2012 hasta el 31 de julio de 2015. Resultados : el factor pronóstico de mayor relevancia fue el estado de choque seguido del derrame pleural, la proteína C reactiva y la neumonía multilobar, todos de forma significativa (p= 0,000). La capacidad de discriminación (área bajo la curva ROC de 0,956) y de calibración del índice (0,493) fueron adecuadas. La validez de construcción, de criterio y confiabilidad y la consistencia interna del índice fueron adecuadas. Discusión: este índice se distingue por su simplicidad y fácil aplicación, incluye solo 8 parámetros clínicos y complementarios que suelen estar a disposición en las unidades asistenciales del país. Los componentes del índice se obtienen a partir de un estudio de cohorte realizado a priori por lo que es posible su aplicación clínica incluso al nivel primario. Conclusión: el índice creado y validado a partir de los factores de riesgo más importantes, permite pronosticar el riesgo de morir a los enfermos con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, con una confiabilidad adecuada(AU)


Introduction: community-acquired pneumonia is a common reason for medical consultation and causes high morbidity and mortality in adults, but the decision to admit a patient is based on the use of scales prognoses which do not always fit a geographical context in particular. Objective: design and validate an index, based on prognostic factors for predicting the risk of death in adults older than 18 years diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods: the design and validation was made for death prognostic index of community-acquired pneumonia, by a cohort study to determine the risk of death in patients admitted to the Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Units of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes General hospital, Bayamo, Granma, from February 1, 2012 to July 31, 2015. Results: the most important prognostic factor was the shock followed by pleural effusion, C-reactive protein and multilobar pneumonia, all significantly (p = 0.000). The ability of discrimination (area under ROC curve 0.956) and calibration index (0.493) were adequate. The validity of construct, criterion, and reliability were adequate as well as the internal consistency index. Discussion: this index is distinguished by its simplicity and easy application; it includes only 8 clinical parameters and complementary studies which are often available in Cuban health care units. The index components are took from a priori cohort study so its clinical application is possible even at the primary level. Conclusion: the index created and validated from the most important risk factors can fairly predict the dying risk of patients with community-acquired pneumonia(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos de Coortes
12.
Int Braz J Urol ; 42(1): 47-52, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27136466

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the long-term oncologic outcome for patients with prostate cancer and transurethral resection who were treated using low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 2001 to December 2005, 57 consecutive patients were treated with clinically localized prostate cancer. No patients received external beam radiation. All of them underwent LDR prostate brachytherapy. Biochemical failure was defined according to the "Phoenix consensus". Patients were stratified as low and intermediate risk based on The Memorial Sloan Kettering group definition. RESULTS: The median follow-up time for these 57 patients was 104 months. The overall survival according to Kaplan-Meier estimates was 88% (±6%) at 5 years and 77% (±6%) at 12 years. The 5 and 10 years for failure in tumour-free survival (TFS) was 96% and respectively (±2%), whereas for biochemical control was 94% and respectively (±3%) at 5 and 10 years, 98% (±1%) of patients being free of local recurrence. A patient reported incontinence after treatment (1.7%). The chronic genitourinary complains grade I were 7% and grade II, 10%. At six months 94% of patients reported no change in bowel function. CONCLUSIONS: The excellent long-term results and low morbidity presented, as well as the many advantages of prostate brachytherapy over other treatments, demonstrates that brachytherapy is an effective treatment for patients with transurethral resection and clinical organ-confined prostate cancer.


Assuntos
Braquiterapia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Idoso , Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Seguimentos , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia
13.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(1): 47-52, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-777332

RESUMO

ABSTRACT We analyzed the long-term oncologic outcome for patients with prostate cancer and transurethral resection who were treated using low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: From January 2001 to December 2005, 57 consecutive patients were treated with clinically localized prostate cancer. No patients received external beam radiation. All of them underwent LDR prostate brachytherapy. Biochemical failure was defined according to the "Phoenix consensus". Patients were stratified as low and intermediate risk based on The Memorial Sloan Kettering group definition. Results: The median follow-up time for these 57 patients was 104 months. The overall survival according to Kaplan-Meier estimates was 88% (±6%) at 5 years and 77% (±6%) at 12 years. The 5 and 10 years for failure in tumour-free survival (TFS) was 96% and respectively (±2%), whereas for biochemical control was 94% and respectively (±3%) at 5 and 10 years, 98% (±1%) of patients being free of local recurrence. A patient reported incontinence after treatment (1.7%). The chronic genitourinary complains grade I were 7% and grade II, 10%. At six months 94% of patients reported no change in bowel function.Conclusions: The excellent long-term results and low morbidity presented, as well as the many advantages of prostate brachytherapy over other treatments, demonstrates that brachytherapy is an effective treatment for patients with transurethral resection and clinical organ-confined prostate cancer


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Braquiterapia/métodos , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia , Braquiterapia/efeitos adversos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Seguimentos , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Medição de Risco , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
PLoS One ; 9(4): e93233, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24699245

RESUMO

DNA microarrays and cell cycle synchronization experiments have made possible the study of the mechanisms of cell cycle regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by simultaneously monitoring the expression levels of thousands of genes at specific time points. On the other hand, pattern recognition techniques can contribute to the analysis of such massive measurements, providing a model of gene expression level evolution through the cell cycle process. In this paper, we propose the use of one of such techniques--an unsupervised artificial neural network called a Self-Organizing Map (SOM)-which has been successfully applied to processes involving very noisy signals, classifying and organizing them, and assisting in the discovery of behavior patterns without requiring prior knowledge about the process under analysis. As a test bed for the use of SOMs in finding possible relationships among genes and their possible contribution in some biological processes, we selected 282 S. cerevisiae genes that have been shown through biological experiments to have an activity during the cell cycle. The expression level of these genes was analyzed in five of the most cited time series DNA microarray databases used in the study of the cell cycle of this organism. With the use of SOM, it was possible to find clusters of genes with similar behavior in the five databases along two cell cycles. This result suggested that some of these genes might be biologically related or might have a regulatory relationship, as was corroborated by comparing some of the clusters obtained with SOMs against a previously reported regulatory network that was generated using biological knowledge, such as protein-protein interactions, gene expression levels, metabolism dynamics, promoter binding, and modification, regulation and transport of proteins. The methodology described in this paper could be applied to the study of gene relationships of other biological processes in different organisms.


Assuntos
Ciclo Celular/genética , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Algoritmos , Análise por Conglomerados , Marcadores Genéticos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos
15.
Salud ment ; Salud ment;36(3): 181-188, may.-jun. 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-689662

RESUMO

Many precise aspects of the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders are still unknown. Susceptibility to these disorders depends in part on variability in the genome sequence among individuals. The genotype, a given environment, a specific epigenetic profile and stochastic factors affect the phenotype, which includes body structures, physiological processes, and behavior. Since the access to the Central Nervous System is generally difficult and in most cases there are still no biological tests that necessarily contribute to diagnosis, psychiatric phenotypes are usually limited to clinical symptoms and functioning. Therefore, researchers are currently seeking alternatives to facilitate the identification of genetic risk factors. One strategy is to identify measurable biological, cognitive, and behavioral markers, intermediate phenotypes, or endophenotypes, which in the best case may be simpler than general psychiatric diagnoses, ideally with a precise biological meaning and a more direct relationship with the action of specific genes. Endophenotypes have been very useful in other fields of medicine. Currently, there are several proposed criteria and specifications for endophenotypes. Examples of possible types of endophenotypes or biomarkers, as well as treatment response phenotypes in some psychiatric disorders will be discussed in this review.


Aún se desconocen diversos aspectos de la etiología y fisiopatología de los trastornos mentales. La susceptibilidad a éstos depende en parte de la variabilidad en la secuencia genómica en las personas. El genotipo, un ambiente dado, un perfil epigenético específico y factores estocásticos afectan el fenotipo, el cual incluye estructuras corporales, procesos fisiológicos y conducta. Los fenotipos psiquiátricos generalmente se limitan al funcionamiento y a los síntomas clínicos, debido a que el acceso al Sistema Nervioso Central es complicado y en la mayoría de los casos no hay pruebas biológicas que necesariamente contribuyan al diagnóstico. Por esta razón, en la actualidad se buscan alternativas para facilitar la identificación de factores de riesgo de tipo genético. La identificación de marcadores biológicos, cognitivos o conductuales medibles, fenotipos intermedios o endofenotipos podría ser una de estas nuevas opciones. Estos marcadores podrían ser más simples que el diagnóstico psiquiátrico general, y de manera ideal tendrían un significado biológico preciso y una acción más directa en los genes. El empleo de endofenotipos ha sido útil en otras ramas de la medicina. Hasta ahora se han propuesto diversos criterios y especificaciones para los endofenotipos. En esta revisión se describirán posibles tipos de endofenotipos o biomarcadores, así como fenotipos relacionados con la respuesta farmacológica en algunos trastornos psiquiátricos.

16.
Rev. cuba. med ; 49(4): 311-329, oct.-dic. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-584805

RESUMO

Los índices de predicción son muy útiles para la valoración integral de los pacientes, tanto en medio hospitalario como ambulatorio. Se desarrolló esta investigación para construir y validar un índice que logre predecir el riesgo de desarrollar cardiopatía hipertensiva. La construcción incluyó la selección de los factores de riesgo y sus ponderaciones mediante cálculo de los odds ratio, para esta fase se investigaron 900 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, atendidos en la policlínica "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo, desde el 1ro de marzo de 2007 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2008. Se obtuvo un índice con 2 variantes, uno cuantitativo y otro ordinal con 4 categorías de riesgo. La validación incluyó 4 aspectos de la validez y la consistencia interna. Se tomaron 300 pacientes para evaluar la validez por construcción, de criterio y confiabilidad. La validez fue muy satisfactoria en la mayoría de los aspectos. El coeficiente de confiabilidad fue 0,68. El coeficiente de Kappa ponderado fue 0,644 (p< 0,001), los Kappa por categorÝas oscilaron entre 0,632 para la categoría 1 y 0,985 para la 4. El alfa de Cronbach general fue 0,557 y el estandarizado, 0,643. Finalmente, se calculó el coeficiente de determinación (R²) que mostró alto grado de correlación entre cada ítem y el resto. El índice propuesto se considera listo para su aplicación


The prediction rates are vey useful to integral valuation of patients in the hospital and ambulatory means. A research to construct and to validate a rate achieving to predict the risk to develop a hypertensive heart disease was conducted, which includes the selection of risk factors and their weighing by estimation of the odds ratios; for this phase 900 patients with high blood pressure were investigated, seen in the "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" Polyclinic of Bayamo province from March 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008. It was possible to achieve a rate with two variants, one of quantitative type and other of ordinal type with 4 risk categories. Validation included 4 features of validity and the internal consistency. Sample included 300 patients to assess the validity by construction, of criterion and reliability. Validity was very satisfactory in most of the features. Reliability coefficient was of 0,644 (p < 0,001), the Kappas ones fluctuate between 0,632 for the 1 category and 0,985 for the 4 one. The general Cronbach's Alpha was of 0,557 and standardized one was of 0,643. Finally, the determination coefficient (R²) was estimated showing a high degree of correlation between each item and the remainder. The proposed rate is ready for its implementation


Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiopatias/complicações , Hipertensão/etiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Casos e Controles
17.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 9(4): 534-544, oct.-nov. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-585175

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda en los municipios Escuque, Valera y Sábana Libre, del Estado de Trujillo, en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, desde el 1ro de enero del 2003 al 31 de diciembre del 2004, con el objetivo de identificar los factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de esta entidad nosológica. La muestra fue seleccionada de forma aleatoria y estuvo integrada por 140 casos y 140 controles. Se investigaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, antecedentes de enfermedad cerebrovascular, hábitos tóxicos, cardiopatías, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y obesidad. Se creó base de datos en SPSS 11.1. Se midió la fuerza de la asociación con el Odds Ratio y se realizó análisis de regresión logística. En el análisis univariado todos los factores constituyeron riesgo para la aparición de enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda, mientras que el análisis multivariado, mostró que el factor con independencia más importante fue la hipercolesterolemia al elevar a siete veces el riesgo de aparición de la enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda (OR: 7,19; IC: 3,075-16,837; p: 0,000), le continuó la hipertensión arterial (OR: 4,23; IC: 1,978-9,064; p: 0,000) seguido de la diabetes mellitus (OR: 3,19; IC: 1,139-8,98; p: 0,027) y finalmente el antecedente de cardiopatía (OR: 1,90; IC: 1,413-1,978; p: 0,031). Se concluye que con los valores obtenidos por el ajuste de la función de regresión logística para los factores de influencia independiente riesgo de aparición de esta enfermedad, se podrá estimar el riesgo de sufrirla


A case-control study was carried out in patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular disease in the municipalities of Escuque, Valera and Sábana Libre, State of Trujillo, Venezuela, from January 1st, 2003 to December 31st, 2004, with the objective of identifying risk factors for the occurrence of this condition. The sample was selected at random and included 140 cases and 140 controls. The variables studied were age, sex, past history of cerebrovascular disease, toxic habits, heart disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. A data base was created in SPSS 11.1. Variable associations were measured using odds ratio and a logistic regression analysis was performed. An univariate analysis showed that the factors studied were risk factors for the occurrence of acute cerebrovascular disease, while a multivariate analysis demonstrated that the most important independent factor was hypercholesterolemia with a sevenfold risk of occurrence of the condition (OR: 7,19; CI: 3,075-16,837; p: 0,000), followed by arterial hypertension (OR: 4,23; CI: 1,978-9,064; p: 0,000), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3,19; CI: 1,139-8,98; p: 0,027), and finally past history of heart disease (OR: 1,90; CI: 1,413-1,978; p: 0,031). It was concluded that the values obtained by adjustment of the logistic regression function for independent risk factors allow to estimate the risk of suffering from this disease

18.
Rev. cuba. med ; 45(4)oct.-dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-465584

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular hipertensiva, para identificar los factores de riesgos relacionados con la aparición de la enfermedad. Se seleccionaron los pacientes de forma aleatoria 1:1 (70 casos/70 controles). Se analizaron los factores de riesgo: senectud, sexo masculino, hábitos tóxicos, factores premórbidos personales, tiempo de evolución y severidad de la hipertensión. Se halló que el sexo masculino casi quintuplicó el riesgo de ECVA hipertensiva (OR 4,77; IC 95 por ciento 2,20 – 10,42) y similar la edad [OR 4,61; IC95 por ciento 2,07 – 10,39]); el tabaquismo duplicó el riesgo (OR 2,44; IC95 por ciento 1,09 – 5,5) y el alcoholismo lo triplicó (OR 3,42; IC 95 por ciento 1,16 – 10,53). De los factores premórbidos, el sedentarismo elevó en más de 8 veces el riesgo de ocurrencia de la enfermedad (OR 8,96; IC 95 por ciento 3,84–21,27) y la hipercolesterolemia lo triplicó (OR 3,84; IC 95 por ciento 1,65 – 9,06). El tiempo de evolución de la hipertensión = 15 años elevó en más de 15 veces el riesgo de la entidad (OR 15,49; IC 95 por ciento 6,24 - 39,45) y el estado muy severo lo septuplicó (OR 7,15; IC 95 por ciento 2,68-19,86. Se concluyó que el sexo masculino, la senectud, los hábitos tóxicos y los factores premórbidos se asocian con la aparición de la ECVA, el tiempo de evolución de la hipertensión y su severidad son directamente proporcionales al riesgo de ocurrencia de la enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda


Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Hipertensão
19.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 18(4)jul.-ago. 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-340714

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en el área del Policlínico "Mabay" durante el período de enero a mayo de 1999, con el objetivo de identificar los principales trastornos del funcionamiento sexual en pacientes diabéticos con 10 años o más de evolución de su enfermedad. La muestra quedó conformada con 38 casos y 76 controles. Las variables estudiadas fueron la existencia de disfunción eréctil orgánica o psicógena, la inhibición del deseo sexual y las alteraciones de la eyaculación. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado, la razón de productos cruzados y la prueba de comparación de proporciones de grupos independientes. La disfunción eréctil de tipo orgánica, el deseo sexual inhibido, la eyaculación retrógrada y la eyaculación retardada, se asociaron significativamente a la diabetes mellitus


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Ejaculação , Disfunção Erétil , Ereção Peniana , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas
20.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 62(2): 121-7, abr.-jun. 1998. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-222912

RESUMO

La habilidad en el diagnóstico y la utilización de los diferentes procedimientos terapéuticos sin anestesia y con cortos períodos de internación, han hecho que actos intervencionistas percutáneos ocupen un rol importante en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de procesos infecciosos ocurridos en diferentes sitios del organismo. Se presentan 67 procedimientos en 59 pacientes internados en UTI (27 mujeres y 32 varones), con una amplia gama de patologías que fueron sometidos a distintas técnicas intervencionistas: 24 punciones y 43 drenajes efectuados bajo control tomográfico en presencia del médico intervencionista, lo que permitió definir en forma inmediata la conducta a seguir (percutánea, quirúrgica o expectante). Todos los procedimientos permitieron establecer un diagnóstico preciso y una conducta terapéutica adecuada


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Críticos/tendências , Drenagem/normas , Punções/normas , Radiologia Intervencionista/tendências , Diagnóstico por Imagem/tendências , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/tendências
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