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The goal of this study was to apply the principles of analytical quality by design (AQbD) to the analytical method for determining the radiochemical purity (PQR) of the radiopharmaceutical sodium iodide 131I oral solution, utilizing thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with a radio-TLC scanner, which also enables the evaluation of product quality. For AQbD, the analytical target profile (ATP), critical quality attributes (CQA), risk management, and the method operable design region (MODR) were defined through response surface methodology to optimize the method using MINITAB® 19 software. This study encompassed the establishment of a control strategy and the validation of the method, including the assessment of selectivity, linearity, precision, robustness, detection limit, quantification limit, range, and the stability of the sample solution. Under the experimental conditions, the method parameters of the TLC scanner were experimentally demonstrated and optimized with an injection volume of 3 µL, a radioactive concentration of 10 mCi/mL, and a carrier volume of 40 µL. Statistical analysis confirmed the method's selectivity for the 131I iodide band Rf of 0.8, a radiochemical impurity IO3- Rf of 0.6, a linearity from 6.0 to 22.0 mCi/mL, and an intermediate precision with a global relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.624%. The method also exhibited robustness, with a global RSD of 0.101%, a detection limit of 0.09 mCi/mL, and a quantification limit of 0.53 Ci/mL, meeting the prescribed range and displaying stability over time (at 0, 2, and 20 h) with a global RSD of 0.362%, resulting in consistent outcomes. The development of a method based on AQbD facilitated the creation of a design space and an operational space, with comprehensive knowledge of the method's characteristics and limitations. Additionally, throughout all operations, compliance with the acceptance criteria was verified. The method's validity was confirmed under the established conditions, making it suitable for use in the manufacturing process of sodium iodide 131I and application in nuclear medicine services.

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BACKGROUND: The ongoing coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic strained medical systems worldwide. We report on the impact on pediatric oncology care in Latin American (LATAM) during its first year. METHOD: Four cross-sectional surveys were electronically distributed among pediatric onco-hematologists in April/June/October 2020, and April/2021 through the Latin American Society of Pediatric Oncology (SLAOP) email list and St Jude Global regional partners. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-three pediatric onco-hematologists from 20 countries responded to the first survey, with subsequent surveys response rates above 85%. More than 95% of participants reported that treatment continued without interruption for new and active ongoing patients, though with disruptions in treatment availability. During the first three surveys, respondents reported suspensions of outpatient procedures (54.2%), a decrease in oncologic surgeries (43.6%), radiotherapy (28.4%), stem cell transplants (SCT) (69.3%), and surveillance consultations (81.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that at the beginning of the first wave, participants from countries with healthcare expenditure below 7% were more likely to report a decrease in outpatient procedures (odds ratio [OR]: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.19-2.8), surgeries (OR: 3, 95% CI: 1.9-4.6) and radiotherapy (OR: 6, 95% CI: 3.5-10.4). Suspension of surveillance consultations was higher in countries with COVID-19 case fatality rates above 2% (OR: 3, 95% CI: 1.4-6.2) and SCT suspensions in countries with COVID-19 incidence rate above 100 cases per 100,000 (OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.6-7.45). Paradoxically, at the beginning of the second wave with COVID-19 cases rising exponentially, most participants reported improvements in cancer services availability. CONCLUSION: Our data show the medium-term collateral effects of the pandemic on pediatric oncology care in LATAM, which might help delineate oncology care delivery amid current and future challenges posed by the pandemic.

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We herein describe ticks parasitizing birds in forest fragments along the Uberabinha River, a major watercourse that cuts through patches of remnants of Brazilian savannah in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall 352 birds from 62 species, overwhelmingly, Passeriformes, were captured with mist-nets. The most abundant bird species was Basileuterus hypoleucus (n=36), followed by Lanio penicillata (n=24) and Thalurania furcata (n=23). Thirty one birds, all Passeriformes, were found infested with 56 ticks from which 12 were larvae and 44 nymphs, all from the Amblyomma genus. Highest infestation prevalence was found on Taraba major (66.6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) and Saltator maximus (50%). The mean intensity of tick infestation was low (1.8 tick per infested bird) with most of the parasites located on the neck (60%) of birds, followed by the head (20%). All larvae were attached to the skin around the eyes of birds. Amblyomma nodosum was the most numerous tick species found attached to birds (n=23 nymphs, 52.3% of nymphs) followed by Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11.4% of nymphs). Ecological relationships are discussed.

Descrevemos aqui carrapatos que parasitam aves em fragmentos florestais ao longo do rio Uberabinha, o principal curso de água que corta manchas de remanescentes de Cerrado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ao todo, foram capturadas, com redes de neblina, 352 aves, de 62 espécies, em sua maioria, Passeriformes. As espécies de aves mais abundantes foram Basileuterus hypoleucus com 36 indivíduos, seguido de Lanio penicillata (n=24) e Thalurania furcata (n=23). Trinta e uma aves, todas Passeriformes, estavam infestadas com 56 carrapatos, sendo 12 larvas e 44 ninfas, todos do gênero Amblyomma. A prevalência de infestação mais elevada foi encontrada em Taraba major (66,6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) e Saltator maximus (50%). A intensidade média de infestação por carrapatos foi baixa (1,8 carrapato por ave infestada) e a maior parte dos parasitas recolhidos estava localizada no pescoço (60%) das aves, seguido pela cabeça (20%). Todas as larvas estavam fixadas à pele ao redor dos olhos das aves. Amblyomma nodosum foi a espécie de carrapato mais numerosa encontrada nas aves (n=23 ninfas, 52,3% das ninfas), seguido de Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11,4% das ninfas). Relações ecológicas são discutidas.

RESUMO

We herein describe ticks parasitizing birds in forest fragments along the Uberabinha River, a major watercourse that cuts through patches of remnants of Brazilian savannah in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall 352 birds from 62 species, overwhelmingly, Passeriformes, were captured with mist-nets. The most abundant bird species was Basileuterus hypoleucus (n=36), followed by Lanio penicillata (n=24) and Thalurania furcata (n=23). Thirty one birds, all Passeriformes, were found infested with 56 ticks from which 12 were larvae and 44 nymphs, all from the Amblyomma genus. Highest infestation prevalence was found on Taraba major (66.6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) and Saltator maximus (50%). The mean intensity of tick infestation was low (1.8 tick per infested bird) with most of the parasites located on the neck (60%) of birds, followed by the head (20%). All larvae were attached to the skin around the eyes of birds. Amblyomma nodosum was the most numerous tick species found attached to birds (n=23 nymphs, 52.3% of nymphs) followed by Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11.4% of nymphs). Ecological relationships are discussed.

Descrevemos aqui carrapatos que parasitam aves em fragmentos florestais ao longo do rio Uberabinha, o principal curso de água que corta manchas de remanescentes de Cerrado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ao todo, foram capturadas, com redes de neblina, 352 aves, de 62 espécies, em sua maioria, Passeriformes. As espécies de aves mais abundantes foram Basileuterus hypoleucus com 36 indivíduos, seguido de Lanio penicillata (n=24) e Thalurania furcata (n=23). Trinta e uma aves, todas Passeriformes, estavam infestadas com 56 carrapatos, sendo 12 larvas e 44 ninfas, todos do gênero Amblyomma. A prevalência de infestação mais elevada foi encontrada em Taraba major (66,6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) e Saltator maximus (50%). A intensidade média de infestação por carrapatos foi baixa (1,8 carrapato por ave infestada) e a maior parte dos parasitas recolhidos estava localizada no pescoço (60%) das aves, seguido pela cabeça (20%). Todas as larvas estavam fixadas à pele ao redor dos olhos das aves. Amblyomma nodosum foi a espécie de carrapato mais numerosa encontrada nas aves (n=23 ninfas, 52,3% das ninfas), seguido de Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11,4% das ninfas). Relações ecológicas são discutidas.

RESUMO

We herein describe ticks parasitizing birds in forest fragments along the Uberabinha River, a major watercourse that cuts through patches of remnants of Brazilian savannah in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall 352 birds from 62 species, overwhelmingly, Passeriformes, were captured with mist-nets. The most abundant bird species was Basileuterus hypoleucus (n=36), followed by Lanio penicillata (n=24) and Thalurania furcata (n=23). Thirty one birds, all Passeriformes, were found infested with 56 ticks from which 12 were larvae and 44 nymphs, all from the Amblyomma genus. Highest infestation prevalence was found on Taraba major (66.6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) and Saltator maximus (50%). The mean intensity of tick infestation was low (1.8 tick per infested bird) with most of the parasites located on the neck (60%) of birds, followed by the head (20%). All larvae were attached to the skin around the eyes of birds. Amblyomma nodosum was the most numerous tick species found attached to birds (n=23 nymphs, 52.3% of nymphs) followed by Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11.4% of nymphs). Ecological relationships are discussed.

Descrevemos aqui carrapatos que parasitam aves em fragmentos florestais ao longo do rio Uberabinha, o principal curso de água que corta manchas de remanescentes de Cerrado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ao todo, foram capturadas, com redes de neblina, 352 aves, de 62 espécies, em sua maioria, Passeriformes. As espécies de aves mais abundantes foram Basileuterus hypoleucus com 36 indivíduos, seguido de Lanio penicillata (n=24) e Thalurania furcata (n=23). Trinta e uma aves, todas Passeriformes, estavam infestadas com 56 carrapatos, sendo 12 larvas e 44 ninfas, todos do gênero Amblyomma. A prevalência de infestação mais elevada foi encontrada em Taraba major (66,6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) e Saltator maximus (50%). A intensidade média de infestação por carrapatos foi baixa (1,8 carrapato por ave infestada) e a maior parte dos parasitas recolhidos estava localizada no pescoço (60%) das aves, seguido pela cabeça (20%). Todas as larvas estavam fixadas à pele ao redor dos olhos das aves. Amblyomma nodosum foi a espécie de carrapato mais numerosa encontrada nas aves (n=23 ninfas, 52,3% das ninfas), seguido de Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11,4% das ninfas). Relações ecológicas são discutidas.

RESUMO

We herein describe ticks parasitizing birds in forest fragments along the Uberabinha River, a major watercourse that cuts through patches of remnants of Brazilian savannah in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall 352 birds from 62 species, overwhelmingly, Passeriformes, were captured with mist-nets. The most abundant bird species was Basileuterus hypoleucus (n=36), followed by Lanio penicillata (n=24) and Thalurania furcata (n=23). Thirty one birds, all Passeriformes, were found infested with 56 ticks from which 12 were larvae and 44 nymphs, all from the Amblyomma genus. Highest infestation prevalence was found on Taraba major (66.6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) and Saltator maximus (50%). The mean intensity of tick infestation was low (1.8 tick per infested bird) with most of the parasites located on the neck (60%) of birds, followed by the head (20%). All larvae were attached to the skin around the eyes of birds. Amblyomma nodosum was the most numerous tick species found attached to birds (n=23 nymphs, 52.3% of nymphs) followed by Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11.4% of nymphs). Ecological relationships are discussed.

Descrevemos aqui carrapatos que parasitam aves em fragmentos florestais ao longo do rio Uberabinha, o principal curso de água que corta manchas de remanescentes de Cerrado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ao todo, foram capturadas, com redes de neblina, 352 aves, de 62 espécies, em sua maioria, Passeriformes. As espécies de aves mais abundantes foram Basileuterus hypoleucus com 36 indivíduos, seguido de Lanio penicillata (n=24) e Thalurania furcata (n=23). Trinta e uma aves, todas Passeriformes, estavam infestadas com 56 carrapatos, sendo 12 larvas e 44 ninfas, todos do gênero Amblyomma. A prevalência de infestação mais elevada foi encontrada em Taraba major (66,6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) e Saltator maximus (50%). A intensidade média de infestação por carrapatos foi baixa (1,8 carrapato por ave infestada) e a maior parte dos parasitas recolhidos estava localizada no pescoço (60%) das aves, seguido pela cabeça (20%). Todas as larvas estavam fixadas à pele ao redor dos olhos das aves. Amblyomma nodosum foi a espécie de carrapato mais numerosa encontrada nas aves (n=23 ninfas, 52,3% das ninfas), seguido de Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11,4% das ninfas). Relações ecológicas são discutidas.

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Menciona que el Derecho al trabajo se constituye en un conjunto de disposiciones jurídicas y legales en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales que rige el Estado, destinadas a proteger al trabajador en todos sus derechos laborales, en ese entendido, la principal razón del Dercho alñ trabajo es evitar que se produzca un abuso patronal

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La Diabetes Mellitus por sí sola es un problema de salud frecuente y en franco aumento. La prevalencia en la mayoría de los países occidentales oscila entre 2 a 5 por ciento y se incrementa con rapidez en países asiáticos debido principalmente a cambios en los hábitos dietéticos durante los ultimos años. La asociación diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial se describe en 60 a 65 por ciento de pacientes que presentan en la primera condición. En la hipertensión arterial se encuentran presente la resistencia a la insulina, predominantemente en el musculo esquelético, involucrando principalmente la conversión de glucosa a glucogeno, independientemente del flujo sanguíneo. El grado de resistencia está en relación con la severidad de hipertensión arterial y varía de acuerdo a la raza. Se ha planteado la hiperinsulinemia y el estado de insulino resistencia como causa y/o consecuencia de la hipetención arterial. Indistintamente del tipo de diabetes, la hipertensión arterial es 2 a 3 veces más comun entre diabéticos que en no diabéticos. En este artículo nos proponemos revisar los principales mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados en esta asociación que causa alta morbimortalidad e incrementa la discapacidad de la población que la padece

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