RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the resistance training-based programs' characteristics and outcomes of physical and psychological health and cognitive functions measured in older adults with sarcopenia. METHOD: This scoping review was carried out following the criteria and flow diagram established in the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from 2011 until 2020 from electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included. The sample's average age was 72.2 years, with an age range between 71 and 80 years, considering a total sample of 1029 older adults (57% women). Resistance training-based programs were carried out mainly in university facilities, presented high adherence (91.2%) and were able to induce increase in strength and muscle mass. The most frequent parameters used were 2-3 weekly, 50-90-min-long sessions for 3-9 months, using between 8 and 15 repetitions, in an intense training zone with 1-RM between 60% and 85%. The most measured physical health outcomes were muscle strength, muscle mass, and BMI. Cognitive impairment was frequently evaluated, and few studies evaluated mental health. CONCLUSION: This review characterized resistance training-based programs in older people with sarcopenia, highlighting the extension, frequency, duration, and intensity of these, as well the most frequently used outcome measures and instruments. These results could be useful for prescribing future resistance training-based programs in older adults with sarcopenia.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício , Treinamento Resistido , Sarcopenia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Força Muscular , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Sarcopenia/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is limited information on physical activity in marginalized older populations like that on the U.S.-Mexico border. This study aims to understand physical activity engagement among older Hispanics residing in two U.S.-Mexico Border counties. METHODS: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure physical activity in El Paso and Cameron County, Texas. Physical activity levels were reported for vigorous, moderate, and walking met/mins. Adjusted and unadjusted modeling was conducted to determine county differences and sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS: There were 784 participants and 92.9% were less than 65 years of age. El Paso participants reported a significantly greater natural log met/mins of vigorous (ß = 1.34, p = 0.000) and walking (ß = 0.331, p = 0.006). Significant sociodemographic covariates in El Paso for vigorous met/mins were gender (females ß = -1.20, p = 0.003), having a regular doctor (ß = -0.779, p = 0.029), and acculturation (ß = 0.513, p = 0.019). Significant associations in Cameron County were having a regular doctor (ß = -1.03, p = 0.000) and fair/poor health status (ß = -0.475, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Level of physical activity may differ in older Hispanics by urban context on the U.S.-Mexico border. Future physical activity programs to promote physical activity should take context into consideration.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Cidades , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , TexasRESUMO
Introducción: Estudios internacionales recientes han mostrado que la actualidad la insufiencia valvular mitral se debe principalmente a degeneración mixomatosa de la válvula o la enfermedad arterial coronaria. Este estudio ecocardiográfico tiene como objetivo establecer la prevalencia de las diferentes causas de insuficiencia mitral pura en Costa Rica. Metodología: Se incluyeron a todos aquellos pacientes referidos a nuestro laboratorio de eocardiografía en el período comprendido entre el mes de julio de 1998 y julio del 2000 en quienes se detectó insuficiencia mitral de causa orgánica. Se realizó la exploración en modo M, bidimensional y con las técnicas de mapeo con doppler pulsado, continuo y color y se clasificó a los casos en reumática, prolapso de la válvula mitral por degeneración mixoide, isquémica, degenerativa, secundaria a endocarditis, por colagenopatía y otras, según definiciones convencionales. También se valoró semicuantitativamente la severidad de la regurgitación clasificándose en leve, moderada y severa...