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1.
Med Vet Entomol ; 9(3): 273-8, 1995 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7548944

RESUMO

A survey was made of the phlebotomine sandfly fauna of La Guaira, a village with coffee plantations near Cali, Colombia, from which cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis had been reported due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis and Le. (V.) braziliensis. Among six species of sandfly collected on human bait, Lutzomyia youngi was most important in terms of biting nuisance. Lu.columbiana, Lu.lichyi and Lu.scorzai as well as Lu.youngi adults occurred throughout the year. Sandfly man-biting activity occurred throughout the night and was highest within 2 h of sunset. Despite its abundance in nocturnal samples, Lu.youngi was rarely taken in diurnal resting site collections. In contrast, Lu.lichyi was collected on tree-trunks during the day in large numbers and was the only species biting in daylight. The implications of these and other findings for leishmaniasis control measures in La Guaira are considered.


Assuntos
Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Psychodidae , Animais , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Masculino , Densidade Demográfica , Psychodidae/classificação , Estações do Ano
2.
Med Vet Entomol ; 9(3): 279-83, 1995 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7548945

RESUMO

The effectiveness of bednets and curtains (nylon mesh 64 per cm2) impregnated with deltamethrin at 26 mg a.i./m2 in reducing the biting nuisance caused by three phlebotomine sandfly species: Lutzomyia columbiana, Lu.lichyi and the predominant Lu.youngi (Diptera: Psychodidae), was evaluated at La Guaira, a rural settlement in Valle de Cauca near Cali, Colombia. Pairs of volunteers collected sandflies under impregnated bednets, in rooms protected by impregnated curtains or in unprotected rooms in a randomized matched design. Collections were made in three houses per night on three consecutive nights, so that each house was sampled under each of the three treatments. This routine was repeated at 2-week intervals for 6 months. There was no significant difference between the overall numbers of sandflies collected in rooms with or without impregnated curtains. Only 0.14 sandflies/man-hour were caught on human bait under impregnated bednets, significantly fewer than the numbers collected on human bait outside the nets in the same room (1.91) or in unprotected rooms (3.29). In a second set of experiments carried out in La Guaira and the neighbouring community of Jiguales, the effect of deltamethrin impregnation was evaluated by comparing numbers of sandflies collected on human bait under treated and untreated nets. Significantly fewer were collected under the impregnated nets (0.25 v. 0.69/man-hour). Wild-caught female Lu.youngi exposed to treated netting for 2 min in the laboratory all died with 24 h. The impact of deltamethrin-impregnated bednets was considered to be useful against Lu.youngi and other potential vectors of leishmaniasis in such communities.


Assuntos
Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Psychodidae , Piretrinas , Animais , Colômbia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Nitrilas , Psychodidae/classificação
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 90(3): 421-424, May-Jun. 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-319881

RESUMO

An attempt was made to control phlebotomine sand flies biting indoors in a rural community near Cali, Colombia, using the residual insecticide "K-Othrine" (deltamethrin) sprayed on the inside walls of houses. Twelve houses were divided into matched pairs based on physical characteristics, one house in each pair being left untreated while the inside walls of the other were sprayed with 1 deltamethrin at a concentration of 500 mg a.i./m2. Sand flies were sampled each week using protected human bait and sticky trap collections for four months after spraying. The number of sand flies (Lutzomyia youngi) collected on sticky traps was significantly lower (P = 0.004) in the untreated houses than in the treated ones with which they were matched. This difference was not significant for L. columbiana; the other anthropophilic species were not present in large numbers. The numbers collected on human bait in treated and untreated houses were not significantly different for either species. Activity of the insecticide as determined by contact bioassays remained high throughout the study and failure to control the insects was attributed to two factors: the tendency of sand flies to bite before making contact with the insecticide and the fact that the number of sand flies that entered houses represented a relatively small proportion of the population in the wooded areas surrounding the settlement in the study.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Controle de Insetos , Inseticidas , Psychodidae , Piretrinas , Colômbia , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Leishmaniose
4.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 90(3): 421-4, 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8544745

RESUMO

An attempt was made to control phlebotomine sand flies biting indoors in a rural community near Cali, Colombia, using the residual insecticide "K-Othrine" (deltamethrin) sprayed on the inside walls of houses. Twelve houses were divided into matched pairs based on physical characteristics, one house in each pair being left untreated while the inside walls of the other were sprayed with 1% deltamethrin at a concentration of 500 mg a.i./m2. Sand flies were sampled each week using protected human bait and sticky trap collections for four months after spraying. The number of sand flies (Lutzomyia youngi) collected on sticky traps was significantly lower (P = 0.004) in the untreated houses than in the treated ones with which they were matched. This difference was not significant for L. columbiana; the other anthropophilic species were not present in large numbers. The numbers collected on human bait in treated and untreated houses were not significantly different for either species. Activity of the insecticide as determined by contact bioassays remained high throughout the study and failure to control the insects was attributed to two factors: the tendency of sand flies to bite before making contact with the insecticide and the fact that the number of sand flies that entered houses represented a relatively small proportion of the population in the wooded areas surrounding the settlement in the study.


Assuntos
Controle de Insetos/métodos , Inseticidas , Psychodidae , Piretrinas , Animais , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Masculino , Nitrilas
5.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 52(2): 169-73, 1995 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7872447

RESUMO

The repellency and insecticidal efficacy of Nopikex, a soap formulation containing 20% diethyl toluamide and 0.5% permethrin, was evaluated against a laboratory colony of phlebotomine sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis). The repellency of Nopikex soap was also compared with that of a placebo soap against another species (Lu. youngi) in a forest near Tulua, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. In laboratory trials of the soap, no reduction in repellency was seen 4 hr after application, but within 8 hr, repellency decreased significantly to 67.0% of the initial value (P < 0.05) based on calculations of the coefficient of protection (CP). Under field conditions, the soap gave up to 100% protection immediately after application, but within 4 hours its CP value had decreased to a median value of only 44.3%. The placebo soap was also found to be somewhat repellent when compared with no treatment, giving a median CP value of 67.7 immediately after application. No significant mortality was seen in sand flies within 24 hr of exposure to the soap in the laboratory, even in those that had fed on protected volunteers.


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/prevenção & controle , Repelentes de Insetos , Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose/prevenção & controle , Psychodidae , Animais , Colômbia , DEET , Feminino , Humanos , Inseticidas , Masculino , Permetrina , Piretrinas , Sabões , Sudorese , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol ; 88(5): 543-9, 1994 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7979645

RESUMO

Sugar-deprived Lutzomyia youngi were exposed to each of the five most numerous plant species in a Colombian coffee plantation for 24 h and then tested for the presence of fructose by the cold anthrone assay. Many flies exposed to coffee (Coffea arabica) (up to 55% in an individual test) and guamo (Inga edulis) (up to 28.0%) gave positive results. Although some flies also took sugar from red-flowered balsam (Impatiens balsamina) and bamboo (Bambusa angustifolia), none of the insects exposed to plantain (Musa paradisiaca) gave a positive result unless the plants were infested with aphids (Pentalonia sp.). Although sandflies were successfully marked in the laboratory by exposing them to coffee and guamo plants whose roots had been treated with RbCl at 5000 p.p.m., RbCl was not detected by atomic emission spectrometry in wild specimens caught in the vicinity of RbCl-labelled coffee and guamo.


Assuntos
Café/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismo , Psychodidae/metabolismo , Animais , Colômbia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Plantas/metabolismo , Psychodidae/fisiologia
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