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Highly sensitive magnetometry reveals paramagnetism in dendrimer-coated gold nanoparticles. Different types of such nanoparticles, as a result of (i) functionalizing with two distinct Percec-type dendrons, linked to gold via dodecanethiol groups, and (ii) postsynthesis annealing in a solvent-free environment that further promotes their growth have been prepared. Ultimately, for each of the two functionalization configurations, we obtain highly monodisperse and stable nanoparticles of two different sizes, with spherical shape. These characteristics allow singling out the source of the measured paramagnetic signals as exclusively arising from the undercoordinated gold atoms on the surfaces of the nanoparticles. Bulk gold and the functional groups of the ligands contribute only diamagnetically.
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Abstract Background: Coccidiosis is the infectious disease with the greatest economic impact in poultry production. Additionally, chemotherapeutic growth promoters are being substituted for safer alternative strategies. Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding oleoresins from chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the performance, survival rate, and the Productive Efficiency Index of broilers from 1 to 21d challenged by Eimeria sp. Methods: A total of 700 male 1-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) challenged with Eimeria sp, were assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments: (1) negative control diet, without anticoccidial agent or growth promoters; (2) control diet+0.05% salinomycin; (3) negative control diet+100g/ton; and (4) negative control diet +140g/ton of test product (Curcuma longa L. plus Capsicum annuum oleoresins). Results: Body weight, weight gain, feed conversion and Productive Efficiency Index did not differ between broilers fed anticoccidial chemotherapeutics and oleoresins. In addition, there was no difference in feed intake and survival rate between dietary treatments. Conclusion: Broilers supplemented with chili pepper and turmeric oleoresins from 1 to 21d present similar body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, and Productive Efficiency Index compared to broilers supplemented with chemotherapeutic anticoccidials without affecting feed intake or survival rate.
Resumen Antecedentes: El impacto económico generado por la coccidiosis en el sector avícola es el mayor en relación con otras enfermedades. Adicionalmente, los promotores de crecimiento quimioterapéuticos se han venido reemplazando por estrategias alternativas. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de oleorresinas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum) y cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) sobre el desempeño zootécnico, tasa de supervivencia y el Índice de Eficiencia Productiva en pollos de engorde de 1 a 21 dias desafiados con Eimeria sp. Métodos: Se utilizaron 700 pollos machos (Cobb500) de 1 día de edad, distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos: (1) dieta control negativo sin agentes anticoccidianos ni promotores de crecimiento; (2) dieta control+0,05% de salinomicina; (3) dieta control negativa+100g/ton; y (4) dieta control negativa +140g/ton del producto a evaluar (oleorresina de Curcuma longa L. y Capsicum annuum). Resultados: Se obtuvieron resultados similares repecto a peso corporal, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia e Índice de Eficiencia Productiva en los tratamientos que contenían anticoccidiano quimioterapéutico y los que contenian oleorresinas. Además, no se observaron diferencias en el consumo de alimento ni en la tasa de supervivencia entre los tratamientos dietarios. Conclusión: Los pollos de engorde suplementados entre 1 y 21 d con oleorresinas de pimiento y cúrcuma presentan similar peso corporal, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia e Índice de Eficiencia Productiva en comparación con los suplementados con anticoccidianos quimioterapéuticos, sin afectar el consumo de alimento ni la viabilidad.
Resumo Antecedentes: O impacto econômico da coccidiose é o maior quando comparado a outras doenças na produção avícola. Além disso, promotores de crescimento quimioterápicos tem sido substituídos por estratégias alternativas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito das oleoresinas da pimenta Chilli (Capsicum annuum) e açafrão-da-terra (Curcuma longa L.) no desempenho zootécnico, taxa de sobrevivência e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva de frangos de corte de 1 a 21d desafiados por Eimeria sp Métodos: Foram utilizados 700 pintos de 1d, machos (Cobb500) distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em quatro tratamentos: (1) dieta controle negativo, sem agente anticoccidiano ou promotores de crescimento; (2) dieta controle+0,05% de salinomicina; (3) dieta controle negativa+100g/ton; e (4)+140g/ton de produto teste (oleoresina de Curcuma longa L. mais Capsicum annuum) e desafiados por Eimeria sp. Resultados: Houve resultados similares para peso, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva entre frangos alimentados com dietas contendo anticocidiano quimioterápico e dietas contendo oleoresinas. Além disso, não houve diferença para consumo de ração e a taxa de sobrevivência entre os tratamentos dietéticos. Conclusão: Frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com oleorresinas de pimenta chili e açafrão-da-terra apresentaram resultados similares para peso, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva que frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com anticoccidianos quimioterápicos de 1 a 21d, sem afetar o consumo de ração e a taxa de sobrevivência dos animais.
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BACKGROUND: The protein isolate obtained from safflower meal by aqueous extraction and ultrafiltration was evaluated for its physicochemical and functional properties. RESULTS: Protein, ash and moisture contents of the safflower protein isolate were 901, 51 and 45 g kg(-1) respectively. Its water and oil absorption capacities were 2.22 mL H(2) O g(-1) protein and 2.77 mL oil g(-1) protein respectively. Least gelation concentration was 20 g kg(-1) at pH 2, 6, 8 and 10 but 100 g kg(-1) at pH 4. Emulsifying properties were also affected by the pH: emulsifying activity and emulsion stability at pH 6 were 82.5 and 100% respectively. The highest foaming capacity (126%) occurred at pH 2; however, it increased by 104% with the addition of 0.25 g glucose g(-1) protein to the foam system. CONCLUSION: In the light of its functional properties found in this study, safflower protein isolate produced by ultrafiltration is recommended for use as an ingredient in food products such as salad dressing, meat products, mayonnaise, cakes, ice cream and desserts.
Assuntos
Carthamus tinctorius/química , Emulsificantes/química , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Sementes/química , Emulsões/química , Géis , Glucose/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Ultrafiltração , Água/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the advent of new diagnostic technologies and the fear of low diagnostic accuracy, there has been a reduction in the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of breast lesions. The objectives of the present study were to establish the diagnostic accuracy and complications associated with FNA of breast lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed FNA of breast lesions done in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City from 1999 through 2001. We analyzed demographic, radiologic and pathological variables in order to establish diagnostic accuracy of FNA. The gold standard was considered the histopathologic study of the specimen or the clinical follow-up of benign lesions. Categorical variables were analyzed with the X2 method and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We identified 300 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20-86). Fifty-three percent were postmenopausal. In ninety-three percent of patients, FNA was performed in the outpatient clinic. Nonpalpable lesions were aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Mean size of the lesion was 2.27 cm (range 0.7-10 cm). Thirty-one percent of patients had definite diagnosis of malignancy. The only variables associated with cancer diagnosis were the BI-RADS category and the presence of palpable adenopathy. Cancer was diagnosed in 6.5% of lesions categorized as BI-RADS 0-3 compared to 56.2% for lesions BI-RADS 4-5 (p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value and specificity of FNA were 100%. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were 82.6%, 92.8% and 94.7%, respectively. The most common diagnosis of false negative lesions were lobular and papillary carcinomas. There were no significant complications associated with FNA. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy of FNA for breast lesions is very high with minimal complications. Positive predictive value of 100% allows to establish therapy based on its results.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico , Mama/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Mamárias/epidemiologia , Doenças Mamárias/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Lobular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Lobular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Lobular/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Linfáticas/diagnóstico , Metástase Linfática , Mamografia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Pré-Menopausa , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Background. With the advent of new diagnostic technologies and the fear of low diagnostic accuracy, there has been a reduction in the use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) for diagnosis of breast lesions. The objectives of the present study were to establish the diagnostic accuracy and complications associated with FNA of breast lesions. Material and methods. We retrospectively reviewed FNA of breast lesions done in a tertiary referral center in Mexico City from 1999 through 2001. We analyzed demographic, radiologic and pathological variables in order to establish diagnostic accuracy of FNA. The gold standard was considered the histopathologic study of the specimen or the clinical follow-up of benign lesions. Categorical variables were analyzed with the 
method and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results. We identified 300 patients with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20-86). Fifty-three percent were postmenopausal. In ninety-three percent of patients, FNA was performed in the outpatient clinic. Nonpalpable lesions were aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Mean size of the lesion was 2.27 cm (range 0.7-10 cm). Thirty-one percent of patients had definite diagnosis of malignancy. The only variables associated with cancer diagnosis were the BTRADS category and the presence of palpable adenopathy. Cancer was diagnosed in 6.5% of lesions categorized as BTRADS 0-3 compared to 56.2% for lesions BTRADS 4-5 (p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value and specificity of FNA were 100%. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy were 82.6%, 92.8% and 94.7%, respectively. The most common diagnosis of false negative lesions were lobular and papillary carcinomas. There were no significant complications associated with FNA. Conclusions. Diagnostic accuracy of FNA for breast lesions is very high with minimal complications. Positive predictive value of 100% allows to establish therapy based on its results.
Antecedentes. El advenimiento de nuevas tecnologías diagnósticas, así como el temor a baja exactitud diagnóstica, han reducido el papel de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) en lesiones mamarias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el establecer la exactitud diagnóstica y complicaciones de la BAAF en esta indicación. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de BAAF de lesiones mamarias realizadas en nuestra institución de 1999 a 2001. Se analizaron variables demográficas, radiológicas e histopatológicas para establecer la exactitud diagnóstica. Se definió como estándar diagnóstico al análisis histopatológico del tejido o bien al seguimiento clínico en caso de lesiones benignas dejadas para observación. Las variables categóricas se analizaron con la prueba de . Se estableció como significativa a una p < 0.05. Resultados. Fueron identificados 300 pacientes con una edad promedio de 50 años (20-86). Fueron posmenopáusicas 53.3%. En 93.3% de los casos se realizó BAAF de lesión clínicamente palpable y en el resto de una lesión visible por ultrasonido. El tamaño promedio de la lesión fue de 2.27 cm (0.7-10 cm). De las pacientes, 30.7% tuvieron diagnóstico definitivo de lesión maligna. Las únicas variables asociadas al diagnóstico de cáncer fueron la clasificación radiológica de BI-RADS y la presencia de adenomegalias palpables. La incidencia de cáncer en pacientes con BI-RADS de 0 a 3 fue de 6.5% vs. 56.2% en aquellas con BI-RADS 4 o 5 (p < 0.0001). Tanto el valor predictivo positivo como la especificidad de la BAAF fueron de 100%, con una sensibilidad de 82.6% y valor predictivo negativo de 92.8%, para una exactitud diagnóstica de 94.7%. Las causas más frecuentes de falsos negativos fueron el carcinoma lobulillar infiltrante y el carcinoma papilar. No se presentaron complicaciones significativas en ningún caso asociadas con la BAAF. Conclusiones. La exactitud diagnóstica de la BAAF en lesiones mamarias es muy elevada, con una incidencia mínima de complicaciones. Un valor predictivo positivo de 100% permite basar la terapéutica en sus resultados. El diagnóstico de benignidad por BAAF permite el seguimiento seguro de lesiones mamarias.