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From 2015 to 2021 the prevalence of parasites was evaluated in fecal samples of dogs from the municipality of Niterói, RJ. The samples were examined at the Laboratory of Diagnostic Support in Parasitic Diseases (LADDP) of the Veterinary School at the Federal Fluminense University (UFF), using centrifugal flotation, sedimentation and mini-FLOTAC techniques. Of the 1,037 samples examined, 30.6% (318/1,037) showed positive results for some parasitic infections, of which 80.5% (256/318) were positive for only one species of parasite and 19.5% (62/318) for multiple infections. Parasitism by Ancylostoma caninum was the most prevalent, with 39% (124/318), followed by Giardia sp., 16% (51/318); Toxocara canis, 14.5% (46/318); Trichuris vulpis, 8.5% (27/318); Cystoisospora canis, 8.5% (27/318); Dipylidium caninum, 7.9% (25/318); and Cryptosporidium sp., 5.6% (18/318). The parasitological diagnosis of dogs in urban areas is the best choice to evaluate the efficacy of control measures adopted for parasitic infections, including those with zoonotic importance.
Durante o período de 2015 a 2021, foi avaliada a prevalência de endoparasitos em amostras fecais de cães provenientes do município de Niterói, RJ. As amostras foram analisadas no Laboratório de Apoio Diagnóstico em Doenças Parasitárias (LADDP) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), sendo usadas as técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação, sedimentação simples e mini-FLOTAC. Das 1.037 amostras analisadas, 30,6% (318/1.037) apresentaram resultados positivos para alguma infecção parasitária, sendo dessas 80,5% (256/318) positivas para apenas uma espécie de parasito e 19,5% (62/318) para infecções múltiplas. O parasitismo por Ancylostoma caninum foi o mais prevalente, com 39% (124/318), seguido por Giardia sp., 16% (51/318), Toxocara canis, 14,5% (46/318), Trichuris vulpis, 8,5% (27/318), Cystoisospora canis, 8,5% (27/318), Dipylidium caninum, 7,9% (25/318) e Cryptosporidium sp., 5,6% (18/318). O diagnóstico parasitológico de cães em áreas urbanas é a melhor alternativa para a avaliação da eficácia dos programas de controle de infecções parasitárias, incluindo aquelas com importância zoonotica.
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Animais , Cães , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , BrasilRESUMO
Rhodococcus sp. H-CA8f was isolated from marine sediments obtained from the Comau fjord, located in Northern Chilean Patagonia. Whole-genome sequencing was achieved using PacBio RS II platform, comprising one closed, complete chromosome of 6,19â¯Mbp with a 62.45% Gâ¯+â¯C content. The chromosome harbours several metabolic pathways providing a wide catabolic potential, where the upper biphenyl route is described. Also, Rhodococcus sp. H-CA8f bears one linear mega-plasmid of 301â¯Kbp and 62.34% of Gâ¯+â¯C content, where genomic analyses demonstrated that it is constituted mostly by putative ORFs with unknown functions, representing a novel genetic feature. These genetic characteristics provide relevant insights regarding Chilean marine actinobacterial strains.
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BACKGROUND: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habit. Currently there are no objective outcome measures for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for this disorder. AIMS: To determine the usefulness of a method of analysis that employs polar vectors to evaluate the effectiveness of IBS treatments. METHODS: Data from a Phase IV clinical study with 1677 active IBS-Rome III patients who received 100mg of pinaverium bromide+300mg of simethicone (PB+S) po bid for a period of four weeks were used for the analysis. Using the Bristol Stool Scale as a reference, the consistency and frequency of each type of bowel movement were recorded weekly in a Bristol Matrix (BM) and the data were expressed as polar vectors. RESULTS: The analysis showed a differential response to the PB+S treatment among the IBS subtypes: in reference to the IBS with constipation subtype, the magnitude of the vector increased from 10.2 to 12.5, reaching maximum improvement at two weeks of treatment (p<0.05, Scheffé). In the IBS with diarrhea and mixed IBS subtypes, the magnitude of the vector decreased from 19 to 14 (p<0.05) and from 16.5 to 13 (p<0.05), respectively, with continuous improvement for a period of four weeks. There was no definable vectorial pattern in the unsubtyped IBS group. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis with polar vectors enables treatment response to be measured in different IBS subtypes. All the groups showed improvement with PB+S, but each one had its own characteristic response in relation to vector magnitude and direction. The proposed method can be implemented in clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of IBS treatments.
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Algoritmos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia , Morfolinas/uso terapêutico , Simeticone/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We consider the calculation of non-Born-Oppenheimer, nBO, one-particle densities for both electrons and nuclei. We show that the nBO one-particle densities evaluated in terms of translationally invariant coordinates are independent of the wavefunction describing the motion of center of mass of the whole system. We show that they depend, however, on an arbitrary reference point from which the positions of the vectors labeling the particles are determined. We examine the effect that this arbitrary choice has on the topology of the one-particle density by selecting the Hooke-Calogero model of a three-body system for which expressions for the one-particle densities can be readily obtained in analytic form. We extend this analysis to the one-particle densities obtained from full Coulomb interaction wavefunctions for three-body systems. We conclude, in view of the fact that there is a close link between the choice of the reference point and the topology of one-particle densities that the molecular structure inferred from the topology of these densities is not unique. We analyze the behavior of one-particle densities for the Hooke-Calogero Born-Oppenheimer, BO, wavefunction and show that topological transitions are also present in this case for a particular mass value of the light particles even though in the BO regime the nuclear masses are infinite. In this vein, we argue that the change in topology caused by variation of the mass ratio between light and heavy particles does not constitute a true indication in the nBO regime of the emergence of molecular structure.
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INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very important cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico.In 2001 AP was the 17th cause of death. Since 1994,the computed tomography (CT) scan was accepted for the screening of the severity (a) according to the Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI). In 2004 Mortele et al., developed a new tomography classification, Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index (MCTSI) including pancreatic and extra pancreatic disease, obtaining a very good correlation with those with organ failure. This study proposes compare the tomography classifications as indicators of severity. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Were included 30 patients with acute pancreatitis; APACHE II >= 8, non improvement with medical treatment and with initial mild pancreatitis,with addition of signs of complication in the first 72 hours of evolution, under CT scan, CTSIM and CTSI were compared. Statistical analysis using X2 test was calculated, kappa concordance coefficient(k) for the severity classifications. RESULTS: AP prevalence was 51.07%.Of the 30 patients including,19 man with mean age of 39.0 years (18-58 years),and 11 woman, with mean age of 50.9 years (22-82 years). The main causes were biliary pancreatitis in 16 cases (53.3%), and the second was alcohol,8 cases (26.7%). The kappa concordance coefficient for both tomography scans was 0.48 (p <= 0.003). For the CTSIM and CTSI sensitivity was 61% vs. 38%,specificity 66% vs. 100% and positive predictive value of 81% vs. 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CTSIM is more useful for the screening in patients with severe acute pancreatitis than CTSI.
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Pancreatite/diagnóstico por imagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
p16INK4a and p53 are tumor-suppressor genes frequently altered in various malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma. The purpose of the study was to establish the prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a a and p53 in sporadic cutaneous melanoma (CM) in two regions with a high-risk for melanoma in Italy and Ecuador. Immunohistochemical staining of p16 and p53 was performed in samples of primary CM from 82 patients with Stage I and II melanoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Survival differences between categories of p16 or p53 expression were analyzed using the product-limit procedure (Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test). Clinical variables (gender, age, tumor location, Clark's level, thickness) were correlated with survival and p16 or p53 expression. p16 nuclear immunoreactivity was observed in 85% of Italian patients compared to 48.7% of Ecuadorians; a small number of cases showed p53 immunoreactivity in both populations. Only nuclear p16 expression exhibited a significant correlation with survival (Italians p=0.001, Ecuadorians p=0.017) but did not appear to correlate with any clinicopathological parameter. No significant difference was observed in survival with regard to p53 expression or cytoplasmic p16. Our results demonstrate that nuclear expression of p16 can be considered a molecular prognostic factor in patients with sporadic CM and indicate its importance as a clinical marker.
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Melanoma/diagnóstico , Grupos Populacionais , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina , Equador , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aetiology and pathogenesis of pterygia remain unclear and the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) is controversial. 41 pterygia from two geographic locations were evaluated for the presence of HPV DNA. METHODS: 41 pterygium biopsies (17 from Italy and 24 from Ecuador) were analysed using the L1C1 and PU-1ML primer sets by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS: 22 of the 41 pterygia (54%) were positive for HPV, including all 17 Italian cases and 5/24 (21%) Ecuadorean cases. DNA sequencing of the 22 positive cases showed that 11 were HPV type 52, four were type 54, five were candHPV90, and two of unknown genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The major differences in the frequency of HPV in geographically distant populations might suggest a possible explanation for the vast differences in the reported detection rates. Three subtypes of HPV were found in this sample of pterygia. None the less, these results suggest that HPV may have a pathogenic role in pterygium.
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DNA Viral/análise , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Pterígio/virologia , Biópsia , Equador/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
A total of 797 specimens of wild adult triatomines, belonging to six species from the entomological collections of the Costa Rican National Biodiversity Institute, was studied from the standpoint of their relative abundance, as reflected by light traps, distribution in the country, seasonal variations and climatic and altitudinal preferences. Triatoma dimidiata was the most abundant species (32.9% of the total specimens), with a very extensive distribution in different ecological zones, being more common between 100 to 400 m above sea level mainly at the end of the dry season. T. dispar was the third in frequency (21.5%), with narrower distribution, more abundant between 600 to 800 m and scarce during the dry season. Panstrongylus geniculatus and P. rufotuberculatus, second and fourth in frequency (22.1% and 15.1%, respectively), were widely distributed on both the Pacific and Caribbean basins, the former being more common between 80 to 270 m all year round and the latter below 800 m mainly during the first semester. Eratyrus cuspidatus which represented only 4.9% of the insects, was also present on both basins mainly below 200 m with a tendency to be scarce during certain months of the year, and was found in all types of ecological zones. Finally, Rhodnius pallescens, the least abundant species (3.6%) was restricted to very humid areas below 20 m, on the north side and Caribbean basin. With the exception of R. pallescens, males were more commonly found than females. Some epidemiological implications related to the six species are discussed.
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Ecologia , Entomologia , Triatominae , Animais , Costa Rica , Demografia , Feminino , Masculino , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Brucella abortus has been reported to be an important virulence factor, although its precise role in pathogenesis is not yet clear. While the protective properties of LPS against complement are well accepted, there is still some controversy about the capacity of rough mutants to replicate intracellularly. The B. abortus phosphoglucomutase gene (pgm) was cloned, sequenced, and disrupted. The gene has a high index of identity to Agrobacterium tumefaciens pgm but is not part of the glycogen operon. A B. abortus null mutant lacks LPS O antigen but has an LPS core with an electrophoretic profile undistinguishable from that of the wild-type core, suggesting that glucose, galactose, or a derivative of these sugars may be part of the linkage between the core and the O antigen. This mutant is unable to survive in mice but replicates in HeLa cells, indicating that the complete LPS is not essential either for invasion or for intracellular multiplication. This behavior suggests that the LPS may play a role in extracellular survival in the animal, probably protecting the cell against complement-mediated lysis, but is not involved in intracellular survival.
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Brucella abortus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brucella abortus/patogenicidade , Brucelose/microbiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Fosfoglucomutase/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brucella abortus/enzimologia , Brucella abortus/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Feminino , Deleção de Genes , Células HeLa , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , VirulênciaRESUMO
The gene organization and transcription of the Agrobacterium glg operon differ from those in other bacteria. Agrobacterium tumefaciens A348 contains a 9.1-kb gene cluster harboring genes for glycogen metabolism. The nucleotide sequence and gene organization of a region containing ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), glycogen synthetase (glgA), and phosphoglucomutase (pgm) genes have been previously described (A. Uttaro and R. A. Ugalde, Gene 150:117-122, 1994). In this work we report that the glycogen phosphorylase (glgP) and branching enzyme (glgB) genes are located immediately upstream of this region. The complete nucleotide sequences of the glgP and glgB genes were obtained, and mutants were constructed by targeted insertional mutagenesis with a kanamycin cassette. Enzymatic assays and reverse transcription PCR carried out with the wild type and with glgP and glgB mutants, as well as primer extension experiments and beta-galactosidase fusions, revealed that this region containing five open reading frames (glgPBCA and pgm) is transcribed unidirectionally as a single operon under the control of a promoter located upstream of the glycogen phosphorylase gene (glgP). An alternative transcript was identified starting 168 bp upstream of an internal ATG start codon of the pgm gene, which is translated as a 71-amino-acid-shorter Pgm protein which complements in vivo a pgm mutant. This alternative transcript has a promoter with the motif TATCAAN5G, identified in octopine Ti plasmid as an autoinducible TraR promoter. This promoter is >200 times more efficient in A. tumefaciens than in Escherichia coli, as judged by the level of enzymatic activity of a lacZ-pgm fusion.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens/enzimologia , Genes Bacterianos , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Óperon , Fosfoglucomutase/genética , Fosforilases/genética , Transcrição Gênica , Enzima Ramificadora de 1,4-alfa-Glucana/genética , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genética , Western Blotting , DNA Bacteriano , Teste de Complementação Genética , Glucose-1-Fosfato Adenililtransferase , Glicogênio Sintase/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Regiões Promotoras GenéticasRESUMO
Research in the world of birth control technology advance daily. In México we now count with one of the best and most advanced contraceptive methods levonorgestrel implants. Even though it is far from being the ideal anticonceptive. It is in advantage over those known today in this country, because it does not content estrogens, it lasts up to 5 years, its reversible and it can be easily installed in a doctor's office. Some mexican doctors do not recognize yet this product or have been the victims of bad taste advertising. Learning about the method, its indications, contraindications, side effects, correct application and removal technics you can easily end the wrong ideas of it as a problematic device. The objective of the present work is to inform to the medical field of an excellent birth control alternative.
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Anticoncepcionais Femininos , Levanogestrel , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/farmacologia , Implantes de Medicamento , Feminino , Humanos , Levanogestrel/farmacologiaRESUMO
A survey was carried out between May and October, 1991 in eleven federal entities to know the correct household diarrhea case management (EMECADI). It was observed that among the 15,125 children less than five years old the punctual prevalence was of 6.4% (970 children); the incidence in the previous two weeks was 14.5% (1,605 children) and the annual incidence of diarrhea was 4.5 episodes per child per year. Among the children who presented diarrhea in the 24 hours, the following rates were observed: use of oral hydration solution, 17.1%; use of recommended homemade fluids, 63.2%; oral hydration therapy use, 63.2%; increased fluids, 29.9%; correct oral serum preparation, 60.0%; continued breast-feeding, 75.0%; continued feeding, 59.8%; adequate knowledge about seeking care, 12.5%, and drugs use, 53.2%. The reference and nutritional components should improved.
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Diarreia Infantil/terapia , Diarreia/terapia , Assistência Domiciliar , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Pré-Escolar , Intervalos de Confiança , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/mortalidade , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Diarreia Infantil/mortalidade , Hidratação/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A complex case of heart arrhythmia, probably, secondary to perinatal asphyxia is described. It was not possible to confirm a diagnosis from among the most common types of arrhythmias that develop during the neonatal period, such as congenital AV blockage, supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia or ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia because of the changing pattern of the pacemaker and the rhythm.
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Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Asfixia Neonatal/complicações , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamento farmacológico , Bradicardia/etiologia , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Isoproterenol/efeitos adversos , Isoproterenol/uso terapêutico , Taquicardia/etiologiaRESUMO
Se describe un caso de un recien nacido que presento una arritmia cardiaca grave y compleja probablemente secundaria a asfixia perinatal. No fue posible interpretar la arritmia observada en el presente caso de modo concluyente, ya que el caracter cambiante del marcapaso y de las alteraciones del ritmo, dificultan en ubicacion diagnostica de esta como bloqueo A-V congenito, taquicardia paroxistica supraventricular o ventricular que son los trastornos del ritmo mas frecuentes en el periodo neonatal