RESUMO
Après qu'un puissant séisme de magnitude 7,2 et une dépression tropicale aient frappé Haïti les 14 et 17 août derniers, ne faisant qu'aggraver la misère et le dénuement causés par une intensification des déplacements liés aux gangs, une insécurité alimentaire chronique et des chocs climatiques récurrents, les besoins humanitaires augmentent rapidement, dépassant la vitesse à laquelle les autorités nationales et les partenaires humanitaires peuvent atteindre les populations touchées. Le passage de la dépression tropicale Grace n'a fait qu'aggraver les conditions sur le terrain après le tremblement de terre, en déversant des pluies extrêmement fortes dans les mêmes régions du sud du pays qui ont subi l'impact du tremblement de terre quelques jours plus tôt et en retardant le déploiement rapide des évaluations sectorielles et l'acheminement de l'aide humanitaire vitale. Alors que le département du Sud-Est a été largement épargné par les conséquences du séisme dévastateur, les pluies diluviennes de Grace ont déclenché des inondations dans le département qui ont touché des centaines de foyers, générant des besoins concurrents issus de crises qui se superposent. Au 21 août, le bilan s'élevait à 2 207 morts, 12 268 blessés et 344 disparus. Ces chiffres augmentent d'heure en heure, car les équipes de recherche et de sauvetage ont de plus en plus de mal à trouver des survivants. Alors que le nombre de personnes gravement blessées ne cesse d'augmenter, la capacité de réaction du système de santé, déjà limitée, est de plus en plus mise à l'épreuve. Beaucoup de celles et ceux qui ont eu la chance de s'en sortir vivants se retrouvent maintenant sans abri, sans accès à l'eau potable et à l'assainissement, et plus exposés aux violences et aux abus, y compris aux violences basées sur le genre (VBG), car l'environnement de protection reste précaire. Selon la Direction générale de la protection civile (DGPC), 650 000 personnes ont besoin d'une aide humanitaire d'urgence dans les trois départements les plus touchés (Sud, Grand'Anse et Nippes). L'agriculture et les moyens de subsistance qui y sont liés ont été durement frappés dans les zones sinistrées, ce qui risque d'aggraver la sécurité alimentaire dans un pays où 4,4 millions de personnes, soit près de 40 % de la population, souffraient déjà d'insécurité alimentaire aiguë. Certaines des zones les plus touchées, comme le département des Nippes, ont déjà été confrontées aux conséquences négatives des sécheresses cycliques et de l'érosion des sols ces dernières années, ce qui a probablement poussé de nombreuses personnes à recourir à des mécanismes d'adaptation négatifs, car elles n'ont pas la capacité de faire face à la dernière crise.
Assuntos
Humanos , Socorro em Desastres , Vítimas de Desastres , Terremotos , Desastres Naturais , HaitiRESUMO
Nearly two weeks after a 7.2-magnitude earthquake rocked south-western Haiti, humanitarian assistance has begun reaching some of the hardest-to-reach areas, where the most vulnerable are still unable to meet their urgent need for food, basic sanitation and hygiene and life-saving health services. In some remote rural areas, response personnel and relief supplies have yet to reach those most in need. The compounded impacts of the earthquake and Tropical Depression Grace have greatly exacerbated pre-existing needs. The UN System in Haiti estimates 650,000 people are in need of emergency humanitarian assistance, a concerning figure considering that 634,000 people across the three most affected departments Grand'Anse, Nippes and Sud already needed multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance before the quake. As of the latest updates issued on 25 August, the Haitian Civil Protection General Directorate (DGPC) reported 2,207 deaths,12,268 injured and 320 missing. By 22 August, search-and-rescue crews had extracted 24 missing people from the rubble, including 4 children, who were airlifted to Camp-Perrin to receive emergency medical assistance. In the Sud Department, aftershocks continue almost two weeks after the initial quake on 14 August, creating widespread panic among the affected population. Some people whose homes are still standing in affected areas are choosing to sleep in the streets in fear that the structures may collapse at any moment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Socorro em Desastres , Vítimas de Desastres , Terremotos , Desastres Naturais , HaitiRESUMO
Le 14 août à 8h30, heure locale, un séisme de magnitude 7,2 a frappé la côte sud-ouest d'Haïti, causant des dommages à grande échelle dans toute la péninsule sud du pays. Le puissant séisme de 10 km de profondeur s'est produit à 13 km au sud-est de PetitTrou- de-Nippes, dans le département des Nippes, une région déjà dévastée par l'ouragan Matthew en 2016. Deux jours seulement après le séisme, la dépression tropicale Grace a déversé des pluies extrêmement fortes dans le sud d'Haïti, provoquant des inondations dans les mêmes zones touchées par le séisme.
Assuntos
Humanos , Vítimas de Desastres , Terremotos , Desastres Naturais , HaitiRESUMO
Humanitarian needs are rapidly growing in the aftermath of the 7.2 magnitude earthquake that struck south-west Haiti on 14 August 2021, badly affecting the departments of Grand'Anse, Nippes and Sud. The earthquake's devastating impact, while considered less catastrophic than the 2010 earthquake that left more than 220,000 people dead and 1.5 million injured, was later compounded with heavy rains from tropical depression Grace on 17 August. Overall, official reports indicate more than 2,200 deaths and more than 12,000 people injured. The consecutive impacts damaged or destroyed more than 130,000 homes, rendering thousands homeless and in urgent need of assistance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Socorro em Desastres/economia , Vítimas de Desastres , Terremotos , Desastres Naturais , HaitiRESUMO
On 14 August at 8:30 am local time, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck the south-western coast of Haiti causing large-scale damage across the country's southern peninsula. The powerful 10 km deep earthquake occurred 13km southeast of Petit-Troude-Nippes, in the department of Nippes, the same region devastated by Hurricane Matthew in 2016. Only two days after the quake, Tropical Depression Grace dumped extremely heavy rains in southern Haiti, causing flooding in the same quake-affected areas. Despite being much less catastrophic than the 2010 earthquake which left more than 220,000 people dead and 1.5 million injured, the impact of the 14 August earthquake has been devastating. According to the latest reports issued by the Haitian Civil Protection on 21 August, the death toll has now surpassed 2,200 with more than 12,200 people injured. Almost 53,000 homes have been destroyed and more than 77,000 have sustained damage. About 800,000 people have been affected and an estimated 650,000 people 40 per cent of the 1.6 million people living in the affected departments are in need of emergency humanitarian assistance. The back-to-back disasters are exacerbating preexisting vulnerabilities. At the time of the disaster, Haiti is still reeling from the 7 July assassination of President Jovenel Moïse and still facing an escalation in gang violence since June that has affected 1.5 million people, with at least 19,000 displaced in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince. The compounded effects of an ongoing political crisis, socio-economic challenges, food insecurity and gang violence continue to greatly worsen an already precarious humanitarian situation. Some 4.4 million people, or nearly 46 per cent of the population, face acute food insecurity, including 1.2 million who are in emergency levels (IPC 4) and 3.2 million people at crisis levels (IPC Phase 3). An estimated 217,000 children suffer from moderateto-severe acute malnutrition.
Assuntos
Humanos , Socorro em Desastres , Vítimas de Desastres , Terremotos , Desastres Naturais , HaitiRESUMO
La pandemia de la COVID 19 está provocando pérdidas humanas y económicas sin precedentes en todos los países y en todas las sociedades del mundo. De forma colectiva, la disponibilidad de vacunas seguras y efectivas frente al virus, tecnologías de diagnóstico y terapéuticas especializadas, así como el cumplimiento de las medidas sociales y de salud pública y la prevención de nuevas introducciones zoonóticas, son fundamentales para salvar más vidas. COVAX, el mecanismo del pilar de las vacunas del Acelerador del Acceso a las herramientas contra la COVID-19, tiene por finalidad acelerar el acceso equitativo de todos los países a vacunas adecuadas, seguras y efectivas. Para enero de 2021, había ya en desarrollo más de 200 candidatos a nuevas vacunas frente al coronavirus, de los cuales 64 en fase de ensayos clínicos. El London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine ha desarrollado una herramienta interactiva1 para seguir el progreso de estos candidatos a vacuna en tiempo real. Se recomienda la consulta periódica de esta herramienta para conocer el estado de desarrollo de estas potenciales vacunas, así como sus respectivos perfiles y posible cadena de temperatura controlada (CTC). Dado el contexto de pandemia, es posible que las vacunas no hayan sido precalificadas cuando comiencen a utilizarse, sino que se autorizarán según los procedimientos de la Lista de uso en emergencias ( ) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El procedimiento EUL fue desarrollado por la OMS para agilizar la disponibilidad y uso de productos médicos no autorizados en situaciones de emergencia de salud pública. En este contexto, es posible que algunas de las características del perfil de las vacunas no hayan sido determinadas en el momento del etiquetado para su uso. Por ejemplo, puede que aún no se conozcan la fecha de caducidad o el tipo de sensor de control del vial de la vacuna (SVV). Por tanto, será preciso aplicar prácticas y procedimientos rigurosos de suministro, distribución, logística y gestión durante el despliegue de la vacunación. La información mínima que debe constar en la etiqueta (ver abajo) y en el prospecto en los seis idiomas de las Naciones Unidas aún se está deliberando. Es posible que la etiqueta indique una fecha de fabricación en lugar de fecha de caducidad, y que esa fecha de caducidad se actualice posteriormente mediante datos de estabilidad en tiempo real accesibles a través de un código de barras que instaría a los usuarios a consultar una página web. Esta característica significa que hay una serie de nuevos requisitos en las actividades de gestión de las vacunas que deben aplicarse rigurosamente durante su despliegue.
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing unprecedented human and economic costs in all countries and societies across the world. Collectively, the availability of safe and effective vaccines against the virus, specialized diagnostics technologies and therapeutics, as well as adherence to public health and social measures, and preventing new zoonotic introductions, are instrumental in saving further lives. The vaccine pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (COVAX) Facility aims to accelerate equitable access to appropriate, safe and efficacious vaccines for all countries. As of January 2021, over 200 novel coronavirus vaccine candidates are under development, of which 64 are in clinical trials. The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine has developed an interactive tool1 that tracks the progress of the candidate vaccines in real time. It is recommended to access it regularly to verify the status of the vaccines' development progress, profiles and potential controlled temperature chain (CTC). Given the pandemic context, the vaccines may not be prequalified during their initial periods of use; they will be released under World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Use Listing (EUL) ( ) procedures. The EUL process was developed by WHO to expedite the availability and use of unlicensed medical products needed in public health emergency situations. In this context, it is possible that some vaccine profile characteristics will not be established by the time they are labelled for use. For example, the expiry date and vaccine vial monitor (VVM) category may not be established. Consequently, strict supply, distribution, logistics and management procedures and practices must be applied throughout the vaccination deployment. The minimum label information (shown below) and package insert in six United Nations (UN) languages are under consideration. The label may include a manufacturing date rather than an expiry date and the expiry date could be updated through real-time stability data accessible via a barcode that would direct users to a website. This characteristic represents new requirements of vaccine management activities that need to be handled appropriately in the field.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/provisão & distribuição , Programas de Imunização/organização & administração , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Betacoronavirus/imunologiaRESUMO
[Foreword]. Early childhood development (ECD) – including the physical (or motor), communication, cognitive and social - emotional capacities – is indivisible from the child survival, health and education agendas and represents one of the important stages for breaking the intergenerational cycles of poverty and for promoting sustainable development. Development during the early years lays the critical foundations for health, learning and behaviour across the life course… Investment in early childhood programmes is essential because ECD programmes and interventions can provide a “good and fair start” to children and help to modify distressing socio-economic and gender-related inequities. There is strong evidence regarding interventions that can address the causal factors and reduce the burden of poor child development… The health sector in countries has the capacity to play a unique role in the field of ECD because the most important window of opportunity for ensuring optimal development and preventing risk of long-term damage is from pregnancy through the first five years of life – especially from birth to three years of age... For some countries, ECD is currently not systematically incorporated into initiatives to promote and protect maternal and child health. Moreover, families are often not prepared or aware of the critical role they can play in promoting cognitive and socio-emotional development in the early years. To address this gap, WHO, PAHO/WHO and UNICEF have collaborated closely to strengthen their advocacy and technical support to regions and countries and have extended partnership to national leaders and governments, development agencies, researchers, academics, non-governmental organizations, professional associations, media and advocacy groups. We have also developed the present evidence-based set of materials to help international staff, national governments and their partners promote Care for Child Development within all relevant programme activities of the health sector, with the emerging involvement of education, social protection, rehabilitation and other ECD partners.
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Saúde Pública , Setor de Assistência à Saúde , América Latina , Região do CaribeRESUMO
[Foreword]. The Panorama of Food and Nutrition Security in Latin America and the Caribbean 2017, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), reports for the first time on the progress made by countries in the Region towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The new figures shows that, after years of marked improvement, progress in the eradication of hunger and malnutrition in the Region has stalled. After over a decade of substantive advance in the reduction of hunger, the Region first experienced a downturn in the 2011-2013 period, after which an increase in both the prevalence and the number of undernourished people has been observed. If Latin America and the Caribbean do not resume the positive trend soon, the SDG 2 target of ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 will not be met. In addition, there is evidence of a constant and alarming rise in overweight and obesity, both risk factors for non-communicable diseases and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Region, which have a serious effect on the well-being of the population, leading to consequences that force States and governments to spend huge amounts of funds that could otherwise be used for other social needs...In view of the Panorama 2017 edition, FAO and PAHO urge countries to transform their food systems to stop the progress of hunger and malnutrition, with a special focus on the most vulnerable people, households and territories. Only through a huge regional effort will the current trend be reversed, returning to the path that turned Latin America and the Caribbean into an example of the fight against hunger and malnutrition in all its forms for the rest of the world.
Assuntos
Programas e Políticas de Nutrição e Alimentação , Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional , Segurança Alimentar , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , AméricaRESUMO
[Executive summary]. The governments of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have made a commitment to putting an end to the AIDS epidemic by 2030. This commitment is aligned with the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS issued by the United Nations General Assembly in June 2016, with specific targets set in Latin America for 2020 and 2030. Within this context, the purpose of this publication is to highlight the efforts and challenges to preventing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in LAC through a critical review of the HIV prevention measures adopted by the health sector. The report was prepared with a participatory multisectoral approach involving the compilation of published data and additional data collection through questionnaires and both face-to-face and virtual consultations. The review and recommendations focus on the health sector and three key populations: female sex workers (FSWs), trans women, and gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). This report is particularly relevant and timely, because the number of new HIV cases in LAC is the same as it was in 2010—that is, approximately 120,000 new infections each year—and the number of new infections in adult males is estimated to have increased between 2010 and 2016. Furthermore, in 2016, young men between the ages of 15 and 24 continued to account for one third of all new HIV infections...This publication aims to help the countries of the Region rapidly accelerate the improvement and expansion of HIV prevention. It presents a critical analysis of the HIV prevention measures adopted by the health sector to encourage dialogue and national and local decision-making for HIV prevention. The report focuses primarily on three of the Region’s key populations: gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSWs), and transgender women.