RESUMO
IMPORTANCE: The oral cavity is the ultimate doorway for microbes entering the human body. We analyzed oral microbiota dynamics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients and showed that microbiota injury and recovery patterns were highly informative on transplant complications and outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of tracking the recipient's microbiota changes during allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant to improve our understanding of its biology, safety, and efficacy.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Microbiota , Boca , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , TransplantadosRESUMO
Oral mucositis (OM) is a complex acute cytotoxicity of antineoplastic treatment that affects 40-85% of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. OM is associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased extensive pharmacotherapy, need for parenteral nutrition, and elevated treatment costs. As OM onset relates to the mucosal microenvironment status, with a particular role for microbiota-driven inflammation, we aimed to investigate whether the oral mucosa microbiota was associated with the clinical course of OM in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. We collected oral mucosa samples from 30 patients and analyzed the oral mucosa microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. A total of 13 patients (43%) developed ulcerative OM. We observed that specific taxa were associated with oral mucositis grade and time to oral mucositis healing. Porphyromonas relative abundance at preconditioning was positively correlated with ulcerative OM grade (Spearman ρ = 0.61, P = 0.028) and higher Lactobacillus relative abundance at ulcerative OM onset was associated with shortened ulcerative OM duration (P = 0.032). Additionally, we generated a machine-learning-based bacterial signature that uses pre-treatment microbial profiles to predict whether a patient will develop OM during treatment. Our findings suggest that further research should focus on host-microbiome interactions to better prevent and treat OM.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Microbiota , Estomatite Aftosa , Estomatite , Humanos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Estomatite/microbiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologiaRESUMO
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a potentially curative approach for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially for high-risk patients and those with relapsed/refractory disease, although its efficacy is offset by a not-negligible toxicity. Adult patients with ALL fare worse in developing countries, with little data about the HSCT in this setting. In this study, we aimed to describe outcomes and examine risk factors for overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), nonrelapse mortality (NRM), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HSCT for ALL in Brazilian centers. This retrospective registry study included patients with ALL or ambiguous lineage leukemia age >16 years who underwent a first HSCT at 5 Brazilian centers between January 2007 and December 2017. A total of 275 patients were included, with a median age of 31 years (range, 16 to 65 years). Thirty-five percent were Philadelphia chromosome-positive. A matched sibling donor was used in 53%, a matched unrelated donor (MUD) in 19%, a mismatched unrelated donor in 9%, a haploidentical donor in 19%, and umbilical cord blood in 5%. The engraftment failure rate was 1.5%. The 5-year cumulative incidence of acute grade II-IV was 54.2%, and that of chronic GVHD was 26.2%. Five-year CIR and NRM were 28.1% and 34.1%, respectively. Central nervous system involvement at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2) and disease status (HR, 1.8 for second or later complete response and 7.9 for refractory) were associated with increased relapse incidence, whereas the use of peripheral blood graft (HR, .51) and a haploidentical donor (HR, .4) significantly decreased relapse incidence. Five-year OS and LFS were 40.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.1-47.1) and 37.8% (95% CI, 32.3-44.1), respectively. Patient age, donor age, and disease status were independently associated with OS and LFS. Pre-HSCT positivity of minimal residual disease (>.01%) was associated with worse LFS (HR, 1.47) in available cases. This is the largest series of adults with ALL undergoing HSCT from Brazil reported to date. Although OS and LFS were similar to data reported in the literature, NRM was higher. Patient age and donor age outweighed donor type or graft source in our analysis. Interestingly, haploidentical HSCT was associated with lower CIR, whereas the use of MUDs was associated with higher NRM and GVHD rates. These results impact donor selection strategy in Brazil with the aim of offering timely HSCT for high-risk ALL patients in our setting.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/epidemiologia , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Recidiva , Doença AgudaRESUMO
Intestinal microbiota (IM) diversity and composition regulates host immunity and affects outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We evaluated if the oral mucosa microbiota (OM) could impact the outcomes in patients who underwent allo-HSCT. Samples from the oral mucosa of 30 patients were collected at three time points: before the conditioning regimen, at aplasia, and at engraftment. We analyzed the associations of OM diversity and composition with allo-HSCT outcomes. Lower OM diversity at preconditioning was associated with a higher risk of relapse at 3 years (68% versus 33%, respectively; P = 0.04). Dominance (relative abundance ≥ 30%) by a single genus at preconditioning was also associated with a higher risk of relapse (63% versus 36% at 3 years, respectively; P = 0.04), as well as worse progression-free survival (PFS; 19% versus 55%, respectively; P = 0.01), and overall survival (OS) at 3 years (38% versus 81%, respectively; P = 0.02). In our study we observed that OM dysbiosis is associated with a higher risk of relapse and worse survival after allo-HSCT.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Leucemia/terapia , Microbiota/genética , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/microbiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is one of the major causes of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Recently, aGVHD onset was linked to intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis. However, other bacterial-rich gastrointestinal sites, such as the mouth, which hosts several distinctive microbiotas, may also impact the risk of GVHD. The dental biofilm microbiota (DBM) is highly diverse and, like the IM, interacts with host cells and modulates immune homeostasis. We characterized changes in the DBM of patients during allo-HSCT and evaluated whether the DBM could be associated with the risk of aGVHD. DBM dysbiosis during allo-HSCT was marked by a gradual loss of bacterial diversity and changes in DBM genera composition, with commensal genera reductions and potentially pathogenic bacteria overgrowths. High Streptococcus and high Corynebacterium relative abundance at preconditioning were associated with a higher risk of aGVHD (67% vs. 33%; HR = 2.89, P = 0.04 and 73% vs. 37%; HR = 2.74, P = 0.04, respectively), while high Veillonella relative abundance was associated with a lower risk of aGVHD (27% vs. 73%; HR = 0.24, P < 0.01). Enterococcus faecalis bloom during allo-HSCT was observed in 17% of allo-HSCT recipients and was associated with a higher risk of aGVHD (100% vs. 40%; HR = 4.07, P < 0.001) and severe aGVHD (60% vs. 12%; HR = 6.82, P = 0.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that DBM dysbiosis is associated with the aGVHD risk after allo-HSCT.
Assuntos
Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/microbiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Boca/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Bactérias/genética , Disbiose , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/diagnóstico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ribotipagem , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Leukemic cells are rarely present in the oral cavity, and there are very few reports regarding such cases. However, we identified some reports of leukemic cells infiltrating tissues in the oral cavity, including gingival involvement. Recurrent painful oral ulcerations and prominent generalized periodontal destruction are the most common oral features of neutrophil disorders, and they may even be the initial symptoms of the disease. The ulcers may affect any part of the oral mucosa, including the tongue and palate. The objective of this report is to describe and discuss a case of myeloid sarcoma in the oral cavity of a 48-year-old male patient.
RESUMO
Leukemic cells are rarely present in the oral cavity, and there are very few reports regarding such cases. However, we identified some reports of leukemic cells infiltrating tissues in the oral cavity, including gingival involvement. Recurrent painful oral ulcerations and prominent generalized periodontal destruction are the most common oral features of neutrophil disorders, and they may even be the initial symptoms of the disease. The ulcers may affect any part of the oral mucosa, including the tongue and palate. The objective of this report is to describe and discuss a case of myeloid sarcoma in the oral cavity of a 48-year-old male patient.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leucemia , Sarcoma Mieloide/patologia , Patologia BucalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a common finding in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) patients, and there is some evidence that malnutrition might negatively affect the transplant outcomes. METHOD: We performed a retrospective study with 148 patients aged 18-75 years, who underwent alloHSCT between 2011 and 2017. Patients were classified according to the body mass index (BMI) and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). The SGA was assessed on the day of hospitalization for the transplant, and classifies patients into three groups: A (well-nourished), B (moderately malnourished) and C (severely malnourished). RESULTS: The SGA classified 49 (33%) patients as well-nourished, 54 (37%) as moderately malnourished, and 45 (30%) as severely malnourished. SGA-C was also associated with severe acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) with a cumulative incidence (CI) of 31% vs. a CI of 14% for combined well-nourished or moderately malnourished group (SGA-A or -B, P = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, SGA-C compared to SGA-A or -B, remained as an independent risk factor for aGVHD (hazard ratio - HR 1.68, 95% confidence interval - 95% CI 1.02-2.74), and nonrelapse mortality (NRM - HR 3.63, 95% CI 1.76-7.46), worse progression free survival (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.25-3.60), and worse overall survival (HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.90-5.64). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition increases the risk of aGVHD and NRM and has a negative impact on survival.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/epidemiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Desnutrição/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estado Nutricional , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although a considerable improvement in survival of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been seen over the past decades, real-life outcomes seem to be worse than those reported by prospective studies. We aim to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients diagnosed with APL in an academic hospital from the University of Sao Paulo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 61 patients with APL diagnosed between January 2007 and May 2017. Baseline clinical features and follow-up data were collected, focusing on early toxicity variables such as infection, bleeding, and thrombosis in the first 30 days from diagnosis. RESULTS: Among the 61 patients with APL, 54 received any chemotherapy. All patients also received all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Bleeding events were the main cause of death before receiving chemotherapy. Most patients belonged to the intermediate (43%) and high-risk (41%) groups, according to Sanz score. The '7 + 3 + ATRA' regimen was the most used regimen (n = 38). An early death rate of 20% was found, predominantly owing to sepsis. After a median follow-up of 5 years, only 1 relapse was diagnosed. The overall survival at 5 years was 59%. DISCUSSION: In comparison with prospective trials with ATRA-based regimens, we found an inferior overall survival, mostly on account of a high early-death rate. Our results are in line with other real-life retrospective reports published in the past decades. CONCLUSION: Results of real-life studies differ from those found by prospective trials. Accordingly, early actions and supportive care are still needed, aiming to decrease toxicity, especially in developing countries.
Assuntos
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/mortalidade , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaAssuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Salvação/métodos , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitrilas , Pirazóis/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Terapia de Salvação/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Monocyte Monolayer Assay (MMA) is an in vitro simulation of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibody behavior. It has been classically applied to predict the risks of post-transfusion hemolytic reactions when transfusing incompatible RBC units. Quantifying erythrophagocytosis by MMA may be an interesting option for situations where there is doubt whether a RBC autoantibody is mediating significant hemolysis. Here, we present three situations involving RBC autoantibodies in which the MMA was decisive for clarifying the diagnosis and choosing the best clinical treatment. CASE REPORT: Case 1. Pregnant patient with severely anemic fetus exhibited warm autoantibody without signs of hemolysis. MMA revealed 30% of monocyte index (MI) highlighting that fetal hemolysis was caused by maternal autoantibody. Prednisone was prescribed with fetal clinical improvement. Cases 2 and 3. Two patients with the diagnosis of mixed auto-immune hemolytic anemia and poor response to corticosteroids were evaluated using MMA. The resulting MI was less than 10% in both cases, suggesting that the cold-agglutinin rather than the warm auto-IgG was responsible for overt hemolysis. Treatment with rituximab was begun, with good clinical response. CONCLUSION: MMA can be used to evaluate the ability of RBC autoantibodies to mediate overt hemolysis. It can be especially useful to determine the role played by cold and warm auto-antibodies in mixed auto-immune hemolytic disease, helping to define the best treatment option.
Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica/diagnóstico , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Técnicas Citológicas/métodos , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monócitos/citologia , Gravidez , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/diagnósticoRESUMO
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) from an human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling can be used for transplantation of patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. However, the low cellular content of most UCB units represents a limitation to this approach. An option to increase cell dose is to harvest bone marrow (BM) cells from the same donor and infuse them along with the UCB. We studied 156 children who received such a combined graft between 1992 and 2011. Median age was 7 years and 78% of patients (n = 122) were transplanted for non-malignant diseases, mainly haemoglobinopathies. Acute leukaemia (n = 26) was the most frequent malignant diagnosis. Most patients (91%) received myeloablative conditioning. Median donor age was 1·7 years, median infused nucleated cell dose was 24·4 × 10(7) /kg and median follow-up was 41 months. Sixty-days neutrophil recovery occurred in 96% of patients at a median of 17 d. The probabilities of grade-II-IV acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 19% and 10%, respectively. Four-year overall survival was 90% (68% malignant; 97% non-malignant diseases) with 3% probability of death. In conclusion, combined UCB and BM transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling donor is an effective treatment for children with malignant and non-malignant disorders with high overall survival and low incidence of GVHD.
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/terapia , Leucemia/mortalidade , Leucemia/terapia , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Aloenxertos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Doadores Vivos , Masculino , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The status of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in adults with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ALL) and the impact of minimal residual disease (MRD) before transplant are not well established. We analysed 98 patients receiving UCBT for Ph+ALL in first (CR1) or second (CR2) complete remission (CR1, n = 79; CR2, n = 19) with MRD available before UCBT (92% analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Median age was 38 years and median follow-up was 36 months; 63% of patients received myeloablative conditioning and 42% received double-unit UCBT. Eighty-three patients were treated with at least one tyrosine kinase inhibitor before UCBT. MRD was negative (-) in 39 and positive (+) in 59 patients. Three-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 34%; 45% in MRD+ and 16% in MRD- patients (P =0·013). Three-year cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was 31%; it was increased in patients older than 35 years (P = 0·02). Leukaemia-free survival (LFS) at 3 years was 36%; 27% in MRD+ and 49% in MRD- patients (P = 0·05), and 41% for CR1 and 14% for CR2 (P = 0·008). Multivariate analysis identified only CR1 as being associated with improved LFS. In conclusion, MRD+ before UCBT is associated with increased relapse. Strategies to decrease relapse in UCBT recipients with Ph+ALL and MRD+ are needed.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/métodos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Residual , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Here we compare the management and survival outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients who had early or late imatinib mesylate (IM) therapy. The cytogenetic and molecular responses of 189 CML patients were analyzed. Of this group, 121 patients were classified as the early chronic phase (ECP) group and started IM within 12 months of diagnosis. The other 68 patients were classified as the late chronic phase (LCP) group who had been treated with interferon (IFN)-alpha-2 and crossed over to IM more than 12 months after diagnosis. The overall rates of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) at last follow-up were 83.6 and 78.1% in the ECP and LCP groups, respectively. The CCyR rates were 89.3 (for ECP patients) versus 73.5% (for LCP patients; p < 0.0001). At last follow-up, 82.4% ECP and 64.2% LCP patients had achieved an MMR (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were noted between the two groups with regard to survival outcomes. Our experience reveals that IM is an effective rescue therapy in most CML LCP patients who are intolerant or in whom IFN-alpha therapy fails. Such therapeutic options should be considered in LCP patients, particularly in countries where IM may not be available.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Benzamidas , Feminino , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Crônica/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Burnout syndrome can be characterized by abnormalities in three domains: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and lack of personal realization (PR). In the medical profession, oncologists are especially prone to this syndrome. This study evaluates its prevalence among cancer physicians in Brazil correlating it to their demographic, work related variables and seeks possible solutions to prevent burnout. METHODS: We mailed three questionnaires (Maslach burnout inventory, general and opinion questionnaires) to all 645 members of the Brazilian Cancer Society and received 136 responses after 10 weeks. RESULTS: The response rate was of 21%. The burnout syndrome was present at moderate or severe levels in all three domains analyzed in 15.7% of the physicians. For each of these the frequency of moderate or severe dysfunction was analyzed and found to be present in 55.8% for EE, 96.1% for DP and 23.4% for RP. Practicing physical activity or having a hobby correlated significantly with lower levels of EE (p = 0.008) while working only for the private sector correlated with higher DP scores (p = 0.021). Cancer physicians pointed out that less paper work (73.5%) and a lower patient load (72.7%) were the most important factors for prevention of this syndrome. CONCLUSION: Burnout syndrome is frequent among Brazilian cancer physicians and further studies should be conducted to evaluate its prevalence and prevention among other sub specialists.
Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Oncologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: A síndrome da estafa profissional (burnout) é um quadro caracterizado por três dimensões: exaustão emocional (EE), despersonalização (DP) e baixa realização pessoal (RP). Na área médica, os cancerologistas estão particularmente predispostos a esta síndrome. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar sua prevalência entre cancerologistas brasileiros, correlacionando-a com dados demográficos e características de trabalho destes profissionais, avaliando também quais as suas sugestões para prevenção do quadro. MÉTODOS: Três questionários foram enviados aos 645 membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Cancerologia, por correio, e, após dez semanas, foram recebidas 136 respostas. Os questionários utilizados foram um de opinião, um geral e o inventário de Maslach de exaustão profissional, que avalia as supramencionadas dimensões separadamente, caracterizando-as em níveis leve, moderado ou grave. DISCUSSÃO: A taxa de resposta obtida foi 21 por cento. A síndrome foi observada em níveis moderados ou graves nas três dimensões em 15,7 por cento dos médicos. Para EE, 55,8 por cento apresentaram os níveis moderado ou grave. Para DP, esse número foi de 96,1 por cento e, para RP, 23,4 por cento. Correlacionando o questionário Maslach com os dados demográficos, encontramos significância estatística entre prática de atividade física ou hobby e menores níveis de EE (p=0,008) e trabalhar apenas em instituições privadas com maiores níveis de DP (p=0,021). Os cancerologistas apontaram como alternativas mais relevantes na prevenção da síndrome menos burocracia (73,5 por cento) e limitação do número de pacientes atendidos (72,7 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A síndrome da estafa profissional é freqüente entre médicos cancerologistas brasileiros, e outros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos para averiguar sua prevalência e prevenção em outras especialidades médicas.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Oncologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB-D) infusions, usually given over 4 hours, frequently induce nephrotoxicity and undesirable infusion-related side effects such as rigors and chills. There is evidence in the literature that the use of AmB-D in the form of continuous 24-hour infusion is less toxic than the usual four-hour infusion of this drug. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous infusion of AmB-D for the treatment of persistent fever in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies after chemotherapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational retrospective analysis of our experience with continuous infusion of AmB-D, at Faculdade de Medicina da Fundação ABC and Hospital Estadual Mário Covas in Santo André. METHODS: From October 2003 to May 2004, 12 patients with hematological malignancies and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia received 13 cycles of continuous infusion of AmB-D. RESULTS: The median dose of AmB-D was 0.84 mg/kg/day (0.33 to 2.30 mg/kg/day). Concomitant use of nephrotoxic medications occurred in 92% of the cycles. Nephrotoxicity occurred in 30.76% of the cycles, hypokalemia in 16.67%, hepatotoxicity in 30% and adverse infusion-related events in 23%. All patients survived for at least seven days after starting continuous infusion of AmB-D, and clinical resolution occurred in 76% of the cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous infusion of AmB-D can be used in our Institution as an alternative to the more toxic four-hour infusion of AmB-D and possibly also as an alternative to the more expensive liposomal formulations of the drug.
Assuntos
Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Ácido Desoxicólico/administração & dosagem , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anfotericina B/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Ácido Desoxicólico/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses/etiologia , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Pacientes neutropênicos com febre persistente podem apresentar infecções fúngicas com freqüência. A administração de anfotericina B deoxicolato tem sido padrão para estes pacientes, no entanto sua infusão endovenosa, usualmente administrada em quatro horas, pode levar a nefrotoxicidade, hepatotoxicidade e efeitos adversos relacionados à infusão, como tremores e calafrios. A literatura evidencia que o uso de anfotericina B deoxicolato em infusão contínua de 24 horas pode ser menos tóxica em relação à administração usual. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia, segurança e toxicidade da anfotericina B infusional contínua em pacientes onco-hematológicos após quimioterapia com neutropenia febril persistente. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo de nossa experiência com anfotericina B deoxicolato em infusão contínua de 24 horas, na Faculdade de Medicina da Fundação ABC e Hospital Estadual Mário Covas, em Santo André. MÉTODOS: No período entre outubro de 2003 e maio de 2004, 12 pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas e neutropenia febril induzida por quimioterapia receberam 13 ciclos de anfotericina B deoxicolato infusional. RESULTADOS: A dose média da infusão foi de 0,84 mg/kg/dia. O uso concomitante de outras drogas nefrotóxicas ocorreu em 92% dos ciclos. Foram observados nefrotoxicidade em 30,76%, hipocalemia em 16,67%, hepatotoxicidade em 30% e efeitos adversos relacionados à infusão em 23% dos ciclos. Todos os pacientes sobreviveram aos sete primeiros dias após o início do tratamento e a resolução clínica ocorreu em 76% dos ciclos. CONCLUSÃO: A infusão contínua de anfotericina B é exeqüível para uso em nossa instituição como alternativa à infusão em quatro horas (mais tóxica) e possivelmente às caras formulações lípidicas desta droga.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/complicações , Ácido Desoxicólico/administração & dosagem , Micoses , Anfotericina B/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Oportunistas/etiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Ácido Desoxicólico/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: New cancer cases are most often diagnosed by non-oncologist physicians. It is therefore essential for all physicians to be aware of cancer preventive practices and use them appropriately with their patients. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to 120 non-oncologist physicians of various specialties attending the "Faculdade de Medicina do ABC" who deal directly with adult patients. Replies were collected and classified as appropriate or not according to one of these three cancer prevention guidelines: INCA, American Cancer Society and Canadian Task Force. RESULTS: The percentage of replied questionnaires was 58.3% (70 questionnaires). Mean age of physicians was 33.9 years; 57.1% were women and 10% smokers. Most of the current preventive practices adopted by the participating physicians (45.72% to 100%) regarding the most common and preventable tumors (breast, cervix, prostate, colon and rectum and non-melanoma skin cancer) did not agree with any of the guidelines mentioned above. When questioned about possible impediments for the appropriate practice of cancer prevention, 82.86% reported absence of health education agents working with the population, 77.14% scarceness of knowledge or training concerning prevention, and 70.15% lack of financial support for ordering tests. Frequently, whenever there was disagreement between the guidelines and the physician's current practices, preventive tests were ordered in excess of those recommended by the guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians had a tendency to order excessive laboratory tests, an action which can be related to lack of knowledge and to divergence among guidelines. A more intensive educational effort regarding cancer prevention, directed towards teaching physicians in training, seems to be warranted.