RESUMO
A eficácia do desempenho sexual, de um modo geral, depende de uma seleção rigorosa de parceirosfeita pelos membros de cada espécie. Entre os humanos, o critério financeiro é um dos aspectos quecaracterizam a diferença sexual na seleção de parceiros. Contudo, o comportamento sexual não podeser definido apenas pelos aspectos característicos de pessoas heterossexuais, pois também existemrelacionamentos homossexuais. A partir desta perspectiva, investigou-se, através de um website, aspreferências de homossexuais e heterossexuais por renda mensal e desejo de ter filhos no parceiro.Constatou-se que os heterossexuais desejam mais ter filhos do que os homossexuais. Além disso, paraambas as orientações, a renda mensal não demonstrou ser um critério seletivo na hora de escolherum parceiro(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Renda , Características da FamíliaRESUMO
Brazil hosts the largest Japanese community outside Japan, estimated at 1.5 million individuals, one third of whom are first-generation, Brazilian-born with native Japanese parents. This large community provides a unique opportunity for comparative studies of the distribution of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in native Japanese versus their Brazilian-born descendants. Functional polymorphisms in genes that modulate drug disposition (CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and GSTM3) or response (VKORC1) and that differ significantly in frequency in native Japanese versus Brazilians with no Japanese ancestry were selected for the present study. Healthy subjects (200 native Japanese and 126 first-generation Japanese descendants) living in agricultural colonies were enrolled. Individual DNA was genotyped using RFLP (GSTM3*A/B) or TaqMan Detection System assays (CYP2C9*2 and *3; CYP2C19*2 and *3; VKORC1 3673G>A, 5808T>G, 6853G>C, and 9041G>A). No difference was detected in the frequency of these pharmacogenetic polymorphisms between native Japanese and first-generation Japanese descendants. In contrast, significant differences in the frequency of each polymorphism were observed between native or first-generation Japanese and Brazilians with no Japanese ancestry. The VKORC1 3673G>A, 6853G>C and 9041G>A single nucleotide polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium in both native and first-generation Japanese living in Brazil. The striking similarity in the frequency of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic polymorphisms between Brazilian-born Japanese descendants and native Japanese suggests that the former may be recruited for clinical trials designed to generate bridging data for the Japanese population in the context of the International Conference on Harmonization.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Povo Asiático/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Farmacogenética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Brasil , Emigração e Imigração , Genótipo , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Haplótipos , Japão/etnologia , Desequilíbrio de Ligação/genéticaRESUMO
Brazil hosts the largest Japanese community outside Japan, estimated at 1.5 million individuals, one third of whom are first-generation, Brazilian-born with native Japanese parents. This large community provides a unique opportunity for comparative studies of the distribution of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in native Japanese versus their Brazilian-born descendants. Functional polymorphisms in genes that modulate drug disposition (CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and GSTM3) or response (VKORC1) and that differ significantly in frequency in native Japanese versus Brazilians with no Japanese ancestry were selected for the present study. Healthy subjects (200 native Japanese and 126 first-generation Japanese descendants) living in agricultural colonies were enrolled. Individual DNA was genotyped using RFLP (GSTM3 A/B) or TaqMan Detection System assays (CYP2C9 2 and 3; CYP2C19 2 and 3; VKORC1 3673G>A, 5808T>G, 6853G>C, and 9041G>A). No difference was detected in the frequency of these pharmacogenetic polymorphisms between native Japanese and first-generation Japanese descendants. In contrast, significant differences in the frequency of each polymorphism were observed between native or first-generation Japanese and Brazilians with no Japanese ancestry. The VKORC1 3673G>A, 6853G>C and 9041G>A single nucleotide polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium in both native and first-generation Japanese living in Brazil. The striking similarity in the frequency of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic polymorphisms between Brazilian-born Japanese descendants and native Japanese suggests that the former may be recruited for clinical trials designed to generate bridging data for the Japanese population in the context of the International Conference on Harmonization.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Farmacogenética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Brasil , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19 , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 , Emigração e Imigração , Genótipo , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Haplótipos , Humanos , Japão/etnologia , Desequilíbrio de Ligação/genética , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The effects of environmental-nutritional interactions upon the development of the visual cortex were studied in Sprague-Dawley albino rats during lactation (5-22 postnatal days). Morphometric evaluations were assessed by measuring layer V pyramidal neurons, under camera lucida. The Golgi-Cox-Sholl technique permits quantitative studies of neurons by the precipitation of metallic mercury at random, without any selectivity. Length and frequency of dendritic segments showed significant differences due to rearing, nutrition, and topographic localization. Early environmental enrichment exerted its maximal benefits in undernourished pups, the influences being highly prominent in the lateroventral sector of the cortical plate that receives conspicuous inputs during development. These findings may provide bases for the design of clinical strategies to palliate the adverse effects of undernourishment and sensory deprivation on brain development, since their effects seem to follow pari passu the topographic sequences of cortical morphogenesis.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Meio Ambiente , Neurônios Aferentes/fisiologia , Córtex Visual/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dendritos/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Neurônios Aferentes/citologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Córtex Visual/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The effect of chronic yohimbine treatment early in life on packing density of neurons was evaluated in the occipital cortex of young rats. Yohimbine administration to pups between days 5 and 16 of postnatal life (2.5 mg/kg/day i.p.) resulted at 45 days of age in significantly higher neuronal density in layers II-V of the occipital cortex, the effect being more marked in the dorsal region than in the dorsolateral and lateral ones. Results suggest a relationship between enhanced central noradrenaline activity and altered development of the neuropil in the occipital cortex.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos alfa/farmacologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Neurônios/citologia , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Lobo Occipital/citologia , Lobo Occipital/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ioimbina/farmacologia , Envelhecimento , Animais , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Masculino , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Lobo Occipital/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) type K3a (type 3a), which represents a minor genotype in Europe, the U.S.A. and Asia, appears to be significantly distributed throughout Australia and Brazil. We amplified the HCV-K3a/650 genome by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in ten overlapping fragments and determined the nucleotide sequences. The total sequence was 9454 bases in length and contained an open reading frame of 3021 amino acids, which is 10 or 11 amino acids longer than in HCV type 1 and 12 amino acids shorter than the sequence of type 2. These differences were due to the different lengths of both the putative envelope protein E2 and the NS5A regions, whose nucleotide lengths differ between types 1 and 2 also. Phylogenetic analysis of the putative core region and a portion of NS5B encoding the Gly-Asp-Asp motif indicated that HCV-K3a closely matched the corresponding type 3a group. The deletion and addition of amino acids in both E2 and NS5A may be associated with their pathobiological features.