RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii and at least one-third of the world's population has detectable T. gondii antibodies. The seroprevalence of T.gondii ranges from 15% to 50% among the Mexican general population. The aim of this work was to determine the mean prevalence and weighted mean prevalence of T. gondii infection, and to evaluate the epidemiological transition of infection in Mexico. METHODS: Pub Med, Lilacs, Medline, Latindex, Google Scholar data bases were searched to retrieve reports from 1951 up to 2012 regarding prevalence data, diagnostic tests and risk factors of infection among the adult population. Data collection and criteria eligibility was established in order to determine the crude prevalence (proportion of positive cases) of each study, together with weighted population prevalence according to individual research group categories to limit the bias that may impose the heterogeneous nature of the reports. A Forest Plot chart and linear regression analysis were performed by plotting the prevalence of infection reported from each study over a period of sixty years. RESULTS: A total of 132 studies were collected from 41 publications that included 70,123 individuals. The average mean prevalence was 27.97%, and weighted mean prevalence was 19.27%. Comparisons among different risk groups showed that the weighted prevalence was higher in women with miscarriages (36.03%), immunocompromised patients (28.54%), mentally-ill patients (38.52%) and other risk groups (35.13%). Toxoplasma infection among the Mexican population showed a downward trend of 0.1%/year over a period of sixty years that represents a 5.8% reduction in prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis showed a downward trend of infection; however, there are individuals at high risk for infection such as immunocompromised patients, mentally-ill patients and pregnant women. Further research is required to provide better prevention strategies, effective diagnostic testing and medical management of patients. Educational efforts are required to avoid the transmission of infection in populations that cannot be controlled by drugs alone.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Aborto Espontâneo/parasitologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/parasitologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose/parasitologiaAssuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmose/imunologiaRESUMO
We wvaluated the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 µg/ml) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (0.10, 0.15, 0.20 µg/ml) on the rate of C-anaphases in lymphocyte cultures from five healthy individuals with the common variant of C-anaphases. For each of the 12 possible combinations, two subjects were randomly tested. The frequency of these variant figures was <3 percent; a single culture (out of six with the colchicine concentration of 0.1 µg/ml) lacked C-anaphases. Multiple variance and Student's t tests revealed, as the only significant difference, a decrease with the colchicine concnetration of 0.3 µg/ml compared with the cultures without colchicie (p<0.05), which exhibited the greatest ratio of C-anaphases. The PHA had no influence on the frequency of C-anaphases. We conclude that the common variant of C-anaphases is unrelated to the colchicine and PHA concentrations tested; moreover, our data confirm the occurrence of such a mitotic variant in colchicine-free cultures