RESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess kinetics of plasmatic cytokines during radiation therapy (RT) for locally advanced and early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 15 early-stage NSCLC underwent to extreme hypofractionated regimen (52 Gy in 8 fractions) with stereotactic body RT (SBRT), and 13 locally advanced NSCLC underwent to radical moderated hypofractionated regimen (60 Gy in 25 fractions) with intensity modulated RT (IMRT). For patients undergoing SBRT, peripheral blood samples were collected on the first day of SBRT (TFd), the last day (TLd) and 45 days (T45d) after the end of SBRT. For patients undergoing IMRT, blood samples were collected at: TFd, 2 weeks (T2w), 4 weeks (T4w), TLd, and T45d. The following cytokines were measured: IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, EGF, FGF-2, INF-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1ß, TGF-α, TNF-α, and VEGF. Cytokine levels measured in different RT time and compared. RESULTS: No difference in baseline levels of cytokines was documented between patient radiation approaches (except for MIP-1α). For SBRT patients, a mean reduction of IL-10 and IL-17 plasma level was documented between TLd and TFd, respectively (p < 0.05). For IMRT patients, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) mean plasma level reduction was documented between T4w and TFd for all the following cytokines: IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-12, FGF-2, MIP-1α, MIP-1ß, TGF-α, TNF-α, VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT and IMRT induce different plasmatic cytokine changes in NSCLC patients, supporting hypothesis that RT regimes of dose schedules and techniques have different impacts on the host immune response.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/sangue , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Projetos Piloto , Prognóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Despite the intense research on the neurobiology of stress, the role of serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors still remains to be elucidated. In the hippocampus, post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors activation induces anxiolytic effects in animals previously exposed to stressful situations. However, little is known about somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors in the median raphe nucleus (MRN). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of 5-HT1A receptors located in the MRN in rats exposed to forced swim stress. After recovering from surgery, rats were forced to swim for 15 min in a cylinder. Intra-MRN injections of saline, 8-OH-DPAT (3 nmol/0.2 µL) and/or WAY-100635 (0.3 nmol/0.2 µL) were performed immediately before or after pre-exposure or 24 h later (immediately before test). Non-stressed rats received the same treatment 24 h or 10 min before test. Our data showed that 8-OH-DPAT increased latency to display immobility while decreasing time spent immobile in almost all experimental conditions. These effects were not prevented by previous treatment with WAY-100635. No effects of different treatments were described in non-stressed animals. Taken together, our data suggest that in addition to activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT7 receptors may also be involved in the behavioural consequences of exposure to swim stress.
Assuntos
Receptor 5-HT1A de Serotonina/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , 8-Hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)tetralina/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Núcleos da Rafe/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Natação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Exploratory and descriptive study with the following objectives: to identify the nursing students' feelings related to the undergraduate course and their perception towards the nursing profession. After the four-year course, 57.4% of students perceived nursing in a positive way as a profession for the future, valued, recognised, compensating even with some limitations. However, 25% of students still perceived nursing as a mechanical, manual and sacrificed profession, with a limited scientific vision and with a gap between theory and practice and as a consequence a lower recognition by the society. If current trends are maintained, the nurse's value would be much greater in the next decades within the Brazilian society according to 61% of respondents.