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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: In patients with a completely edentulous maxilla, the variability in resilience and mucosal thickness and the lack of teeth and rigid supporting structures may lead to poor adaptation of the surgical guide and significant variation in the definitive implant position. Whether a modified double-scan technique with overlap of surfaces will improve implant placement is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional position and the correlation of 6 dental implants in participants with a completely edentulous maxilla using a mucosa-supported flapless surgical guide designed with 3 matched digital surfaces obtained with a modified double-scan protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dental implants were installed with an all-on-6 protocol in the edentulous maxilla of participants at the Santa Cruz Public Hospital, Chile. A stereolithographic mucosa-supported template was fabricated from a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan made with a prosthesis with 8 radiopaque ceramic spheres inserted and by scanning the same prosthesis with an intraoral scanner. The mucosa was obtained by digitally casting the relining of the removable complete denture in the design software program. After 4 months, a second CBCT scan was obtained to evaluate the position of the installed implants measured at 3 locations: apical, coronal, platform depth, and angulation. Differences in position between the 6 implants in the completely edentulous maxilla and their linear correlation at the measured points were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests (α=.05). RESULTS: Sixty implants were installed in 10 participants (age 54.3 ±8.2 years; 7 women). The average deviation in the apical axis was 1.02 ±0.9 mm, coronal 0.76 ±0.74 mm, platform depth 0.92 ±0.8 mm, and the major axis angulation of the 6 implants was 2.92 ±3.65 degrees. The implant in the maxillary left lateral incisor region had the most significant deviation in apical and angular points (P<.05). A linear correlation between apical-to-coronal deviations and apical-to-angular deviations was observed for all implants (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: A stereolithographic mucosa-supported guide designed with the overlap of 3 digital surfaces had average dental implant position values similar to those reported by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In addition, implant position varied based on the location of the implant installation in the edentulous maxilla.
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INTRODUCTION: Knowledge about the size and proportion of upper anterior teeth allows dental rehabilitation taking into consideration the local parameters of a population. The aim of this research is to determine the width, length and the relationship between width and length of central incisor, lateral incisor and canine teeth in both sexes in young Chilean population. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was performed. Study subjects included 187 dentistry students from two Chilean cities (mean age 21.35+/-2.7 years, 52.9 percent men). The teeth width and height were measured and the width/height ratio was calculated. Differences in measurements according to sex was analyzed (p<0.05; STATA v.10.0). RESULTS: The width and height of the teeth were statistically and proportionally larger in men (p<0.05). The width/height ratio of lateral and canine incisors was significantly higher in women (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In a sample of young Chileans, upper anterior teeth were longer and wider in men. However, the width/height ratio of teeth was found to be significantly higher in women
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Dente Canino/anatomia & histologia , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Odontometria , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
RESUMEN: Objetivo: La distancia intercantal (DIC) es utilizado para la selección de los dientes anterosuperiores y es la dimensión más estable en el tiempo Sin embargo, es variable entre razas y poblaciones, particularmente en Sudamérica. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la correlación entre DIC y el ancho de los dientes maxilares anteriores en una población adulta jóven del sur de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron 111 estudiantes voluntarios (promedio edad 22.4 años; 65.7% hombres) de la ciudad de Valdivia, sur de Chile. Se midió DIC y el ancho mesiodistal del incisivo central superior, la distancia lineal de los cuatro incisivos superiores y de los seis dientes anterosuperiores en modelos de estudio. Se analizó la diferencia de las mediciones según sexo (test de Student; p<0.05) y la correlación lineal entre DIC y las medidas dentales (r=0.8; p<0.05. STATA v.10.0) Resultados: Todas las mediciones fueron significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres (p<0.05). Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la DIC y la distancia lineal de los cuatro incisivos superiores (p=0.04) y de los seis dientes anterosuperiores (p=0.03). Se obtuvo una razón de 1:0.94 y 1:1.28 de DIC con la distancia lineal de los cuatro incisivos superiores y los seis dientes anterosuperiores, respectivamente. Conclusión: La DIC presentó una correlación lineal y proporcional con los dientes anteriores, pudiendo estimar el ancho lineal de los dientes anterosuperiores en una población adulta joven del Sur de Chile.
ABSTRACT: Objective: Intercanthal distance (ICD) is a parameter used to select the upper anterior teeth and the most stable measurement overtime. However, it is variable between race and populations, particularly in South America. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between ICD and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in young adult population from southern of Chile. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was designed. One Hundred eleven volunteers students (average age 22.4 years; 65.7% men) from Valdivia city (southern of Chile) were included. ICD and mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, linear distance of the four upper incisors and linear distance of the six upper front teeth in plaster study models weremeasured. The mean of difference measurement between sex (ttest; p<0.05) and the linear correlation between DIC and the width of the upper anterior were analyzed (r=0.8; p<0.05; STATA v.10.0). Results: All measurement were significantly higher in male than female (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation between ICD and distance of the four upper incisors (p=0.04) and the six upper front teeth (p=0.03) were observed. A 1:0.94 and 1:1.28 ratios between ICD with the linear distance of the upper incisors and the six maxillary anterior were obtained respectively. Conclusion: ICD presented a linear and proportional correlation with maxillary anterior teeth. With these results it is possible to estimate the linear width of the upper front teeth in young adult population from southern of Chile.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Antropometria , Maxila/anatomia & histologia , Dente/anatomia & histologia , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The nasal form is one of the most important aspects in assessing the facial aesthetics. Several authors have described changes in the form and nasal dimensions attributable to race and gender. The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of sexual dimorphism in various morphometric parameters of the nose in a group of Chilean adults. This study involved 180 adults Chilean volunteers, 90 males and 90 females, between the age of 18 and 30 years which were conducted measurements of 12 parameters using indirect anthropometry, based on photographs from the front, profile and the nasal base, standardized, prosecuted through the program Corel Draw Graphics SuiteX3. Of the 12 dimensions nasal analyzed, significant differences were found between males and females in9 of them. These results reinforce the need for analysis of nasal morphotype in our population, because its usefulness in surgery, forensic reconstruction and aesthetics.
La forma nasal es uno de los aspectos más importantes al evaluar la estética facial. Diversos autores han descrito variaciones en la forma y dimensiones nasales atribuibles a raza y género. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en distintos parámetros morfométricos de la nariz en un grupo de adultos chilenos. En este estudio participaron 180 adultos chilenos voluntarios, 90 hombres y 90 mujeres, de entre 18 y 30 años, a los cuales se les realizaron mediciones de 12 parámetros, utilizando antropometría indirecta a partir de fotografías de frente, perfil y de base nasal, estandarizadas, procesadas mediante el programa Corel Draw Graphics Suite X3. De las 12 dimensiones nasales analizadas, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en 9 de ellas. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de realizar análisis del morfotipo nasal en nuestra población, por su utilidad en cirugía, reconstrucción forense y estética.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Nariz/anatomia & histologia , Nariz/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caracteres Sexuais , Antropometria/métodos , Chile/etnologia , Fotogrametria/métodos , Rinoplastia/métodosRESUMO
The face is richly vascularizad by various branches of the facial artery. Among them are the upper and lower lips branches irrigate the lips and cheeks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biometric characteristics of labials arteries of human corpses . It disected 18 human midfaces, preserved on the basis of formalin and the arterial system repleted with red latex. It noted the trail of the facial artery and the presence of the upper and lower labial arteries. Anatomical fixed points were established to measure the distribution pattern of facial artery in the facial region and the origin and route of the upper and lower labial arteries. Of the 18 analyzed samples, 100 percent labial arteries presented an independent origin of the artery facial with an average distance 36.61mm (SD 8.51) between them. The upper labial artery originated on the oral angle and lower labial artery basilar closest to the edge of the jaw. The values obtained reported a wide variation in the origin and behavior of the upper and lower labial artery.
En humanos la cara está ricamente vascularizada por diversas ramas de la arteria facial. Entre ellas se encuentran las ramas labiales superiores e inferiores destinadas a irrigar los labios y mejillas. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las características biométricas de las arterias labiales de cadáveres humanos. Se disecaron 18 hemicabezas humanas, conservadas en formalina y con el sistema arterial repletado con látex rojo. Se observaron el trayecto de la arteria facial y la presencia de las arterias labiales superiores e inferiores. Se establecieron puntos anatómicos fijos para medir el patrón de distribución de la arteria facial en la región geniana y el origen y trayecto de las arterias labiales superiores e inferiores. De las 18 muestras analizadas, el 100 por ciento las arterias labiales presentaron un origen independiente de la arteria facial con una distancia promedio entre ellas de 36,61mm (DS 8,51). La arteria labial superior se originó sobre la comisura oral y la arteria labial inferior más cercana al borde basilar de la mandíbula. Los valores obtenidos informan de una gran variación en el origen y comportamiento de las arterias labiales superiores e inferiores.