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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this research is fourfold: (i) analyze which countries have the most publications on suicide among agricultural workers, (ii) understand the factors that lead to either suicide or intent, (iii) identify the methods of suicide or attempted suicide, and (iv) propose preventive measures so that rural agricultural workers are not exposed to risk factors to suicide. METHODS: A literature review was conducted for the period 1996-2019; the Scopus, Lilacs, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases were searched, resulting in 44 articles deemed relevant to this research. RESULTS: Agricultural workers were considered to be workers who perform agricultural activities, as either employees or employers. Australia, China, India, and Brazil had the most publications, and the causes of suicide were mostly easy access to or exposure to pesticides, and socioeconomic factors, such as masculinity, conditions of poverty, and social isolation. CONCLUSION: Compared with other workers, agricultural workers can be a group at risk, with a great number of factors leading to suicide. Based on the available literature, proposals for suicide prevention are suggested.

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RESUMO A crescente demanda e a diminuição da disponibilidade de água com qualidade devido à degradação constituem um desafio para os gestores dos recursos hídricos. As águas subterrâneas são recursos hídricos importantes que, em geral, apresentam boa qualidade. Porém, a elevação da contaminação das águas subterrâneas, causada principalmente por atividades antropogênicas e uso do solo, coloca em risco a segurança hídrica. A avaliação dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos e as decisões tomadas para proteção contra a degradação fazem parte de um processo complexo. A avaliação de áreas vulneráveis ao risco de contaminação é uma análise essencial para o planejamento e gestão. Neste estudo, utilizou-se metodologia multicritério para proposição de um modelo de avaliação da vulnerabilidade ao risco de contaminação por meio de informações de poços que fornecem água para o abastecimento público, destacando-se as áreas mais impactadas pela ação antropogênica. Doze poços foram avaliados quanto aos critérios: índice GOD, nitrato, potencial hidrogeniônico, sólidos totais dissolvidos e coliformes totais. A aplicação do método de multicritério AHP e TOPSIS resultou na ordenação dos poços que estão mais vulneráveis e que necessitam de medidas de proteção e controle de degradação. Os poços que são considerados mais vulneráveis estão localizados em meio urbano; assim, pode-se inferir que estão sendo degradados por efluentes lançados no solo sem o devido tratamento.

ABSTRACT The growing demand and the declining availability of quality water due to degradation are a challenge for water resource managers. Groundwater is a vital water resource that is generally of good quality. However, with the increase of contamination caused mainly by anthropogenic activities, water safety is put at risk. The assessment in groundwater resources and decision-making to protect against degradation is a complex process. Assessing areas vulnerable to contamination risk is an essential analysis for planning and management. In this study, we used the multi-criteria methodology to propose a model for assessing vulnerability to contamination risk through information from wells that provide water for public supply, highlighting the areas most impacted by anthropogenic action. Twelve wells were evaluated under the following criteria: GOD index, nitrate, hydrogen potential, total dissolved solids, and total coliforms. The application of the AHP and TOPSIS multi-criteria methods resulted in the ordering of the wells that are most vulnerable and that need protection and degradation control measures. The wells that are considered more vulnerable are located in urban areas, so it can be inferred that they are being degraded by activities by effluents released into the soil without proper treatment.

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Inadequate construction and demolition waste disposal create severe environmental impacts in cities when it occurs in an uncontrolled manner. For waste with the possibility of recycling, the appropriate destination would be recycling plants or landfills. In the investigative process, no studies were found that considered the sorting procedure by compensatory and non-compensatory multi-criteria analysis integrated to the Geographic Information System to choose suitable landfills or recycling plants in cities. This study aims to fill this gap with a structured methodology for mapping suitable sites to receive inert waste from small and medium cities. For this, it was considered the identification of relevant criteria and weights definition by Analytic Hierarchy Process method and after performing a sorting procedure by ArcGIS 10.0 software (compensatory aspect) and ELECTRE TRI method (non-compensatory aspect). And then, an aggregate analysis in order to support the decision-making was also developed. An experimental study was carried out with the application of this methodology in a city of the south western of Parana, Brazil, allowing the analysis of criteria such as land use, soil type and slope, as well as distances to urban area, education and health institutions, roads and highways and hydrography network. We combined these data in a multi-criteria analysis to provide an aptitude mapping to identify suitable landfill areas with 5 km2, and sorted as low, medium and high aptitude classes by ArcGIS software and ELECTRE TRI method. With all that, it shows to be efficient, providing relevant practical and theoretical implications to this theme.

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