RESUMO
Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 46 pacientes con más de 18 años de edad, pertenecientes al consultorio 34 del área de salud del municipio de Majagua, provincia Ciego de Ávila, desde septiembre de 2015 hasta febrero de 2016. A todos los integrantes de la serie se les indicaron exámenes complementarios, tales como microalbuminuria, filtrado glomerular, creatinina, conteo de Addis y urea. No se realizaron estudios imagenológicos debido a la lejanía, las dificultades con el transporte y el equipo de ultrasonografía. La alteración de los marcadores renales estuvo presente en la mitad de los afectados con factores de riesgo, lo cual permitió detectar la enfermedad renal crónica de manera precoz en ese grupo poblacional
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 46 patients older than 18 years, belonging to the doctor's office 34 of the health area in Majagua, Ciego de Ávila, was carried out from September, 2015 to February, 2016. The complementary tests were indicated to all the members of the series, such as microalbuminuria, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, Addis and urea counts . The imagenologic studies were not carried out due to the long distance, difficulties with the transportation and the ultrasonography equipment. The disorder of renal markers was present in half of those affected patients with risk factors, which allowed to detect earlier the chronic renal disease in that population group
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores , Fatores de Risco , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de 2 401 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Ramón López Peña" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2010 hasta igual mes de 2012, a fin de caracterizarles según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas de interés. En la serie se encontró una elevada incidencia de esta afección en los adolescentes y una alta prevalencia en la cuarta y quinta décadas de la vida, sobre todo en quienes tenían antecedentes patológicos familiares de ese proceso morboso y factores de riesgo asociados. Las complicaciones aparecieron después de 10 años de evolución clínica en aquellos con descontrol de su padecimiento, atribuible fundamentalmente al abandono del tratamiento y/o mal uso de los fármacos, en su mayoría consistentes en diuréticos tiazídicos e inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina, además del escaso empleo de medicamentos no farmacológicos. Se impone continuar insistiendo en la educación sanitaria relacionada con esta enfermedad crónica no trasmisible en la atención primaria de salud.
A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was conducted in 2 401 patients with hypertension, belonging to the health area of "Ramón López Peña" University Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2010 to the same month of 2012, in order to characterize them according to clinical and epidemiological variates of interest. In the series a high incidence of this condition in adolescents and a high prevalence in the fourth and fifth decades of life were found, especially in those who had family medical history of the disease and associated risk factors. Complications appeared after 10 years of clinical course in those with uncontrolled condition, attributable mainly to the discontinuation of treatment and/or misuse of drugs, mostly consisting in thiazide diuretics and inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme in addition to the limited use of non-pharmacological drugs. It is imposed to continue insisting on health education related to this chronic non-communicable disease in primary health care.
Assuntos
Fatores de Risco , Hipertensão , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Doença Crônica , Incidência , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study analyzes the morbidity and the contribution of different causes of death to the outcome of patients with locally advanced head and- neck cancer after weekly cisplatin plus concomitant boost accelerated radiation treated in our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma were included in this phase II trial consisting of concomitant boost radiation plus concurrent weekly cisplatin. The 43 patients treated in our centered with long-term follow-up were analyzed. Patients received radiotherapy with a concomitant boost scheme (1.8 Gy on days 1-40 and 1.5 Gy boost on days 25-40 with a total dose of 72 Gy) and concurrent cisplatin, 40 mg/m(2) weekly, for the first 4 weeks. RESULTS: Most patients (93 %) received both radiation and complete chemotherapy according to protocol. Severe late toxicity presented were subcutaneous (5 %), larynx (2 %) and esophagous (5 %). Grade I-II late toxicity included mainly xerostomy (30 %), skin (16 %) and mucosal (16 %) toxicity. With a median follow-up of 95 months (9-135), the median overall survival and progression-free survival were 26 and 19 months, respectively (95 % CI 1-52; and 95 % CI 0-45); 60 % of the patients died because of head and neck cancer and 12 % of a second neoplasm, while 27 % of non-cancer patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concomitant boost accelerated radiation plus chemotherapy show significant risks of mortality from causes other than disease progression.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/mortalidade , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Causas de Morte , Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e PescoçoRESUMO
For drugs such as anticancer agents every effort should be made to minimize inter-patient variability in drug exposure in order to maximize the benefit while maintaining an acceptable risk level of serious adverse effects. Anticancer drugs generally have a preferential route of elimination, either in urine or in bile and feces. In consequence, dose individualization to renal and liver function permits excessive toxicity to be avoided and expected therapeutic benefit to be achieved. However, less is known about the most appropriate starting doses of antineoplastic agents in these individuals. In this review, we discuss trials that have specifically assessed new targeted agents dosing strategies (mainly monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors) in the setting of overt biochemical renal and liver dysfunction and we proportionate recommendations and practical guidelines for dose individualization.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Humanos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/fisiopatologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The adverse effects associated to traditional chemotherapy are well known and broadly studied. In the recent years several tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment and numerous are under investigation. These drugs target specific mutated/overexpressed tyrosin kinase receptors and frecuently their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodinamic behavior is not fully elucidated. These new drugs may interact with non-antineoplastic drugs leading to undesirable adverse effects. In this article, we will discuss different types of drug interactions and briefly review the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clinical use, with a particular emphasis on the risk of the occurrence of such interactions based on currently available scientific evidence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Interações Medicamentosas , HumanosRESUMO
AIM: Oncologists should carefully weigh up the risks and benefits of palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumours (AST) and poor general status from the standpoint both of medical and ethical issues and of healthcare resources required. This study is intended to assess the impact on overall survival of palliative chemotherapy in patients with AST and admitted to hospital as a result of their poor ECOG status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 92 hospitalised patients with AST, ECOG 3-4, who were treated with palliative chemotherapy. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine the impact of clinical and disease variables (number of previous chemotherapy lines, presence of comorbidities, presentation of anorexia-cachexia syndrome, delirium, dyspnoea, ascitis, brain metastases, T-cell count, albumin, haemoglobin and LDH) on survival in this patient population. RESULTS: Mean age was 54 years (range 15-80). No chemotherapy had been given for advanced disease in 74%, 13% had received one line, 6% 2 lines and 7% ≥3 lines. Median survival, i.e., after initiation of chemotherapy to death, in these patients was 33 days (range 1-1390). The median of chemotherapy cycles was 1. In the multivariate analysis, no previous chemotherapy, and absence of anorexia-cachexia syndrome and of comorbidities was associated with significantly improved survival in patients. Forty-nine percent of patients died within 30 days of therapy, 28% died between days 30 and 90, and only 23% of patients lived longer than 90 days. Grade 3-4 toxicities mainly entailed blood disorders, namely anaemia 8%, neutropenia 13% and thrombocytopenia 8%. Six patients (5%) developed sepsis after therapy; of these, 3 died from this toxicity, 1 patient suffered cardiac toxicity, one patient leukoencephalopathy and 1 patient acute pulmonary thromboembolism. CONCLUSION: Palliative chemotherapy given to patients with AST and ECOG 3-4 with short life expectancy provided no benefit for survival. As a result, we may be over-treating these patients and contributing to poor-quality care.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Cuidados Paliativos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Desmoid tumours are a rare group of tumours arising in the deep musculoaponeurotic structures and although they have no metastatic potential they can be locally aggressive with relapse rates of between 23-40%. Three sub-sites are reported: extra-abdominal, abdominal wall and intra-abdominal. The purpose of this study was to analyze patients with these tumours treated and followed at our institution and to determine factors influencing disease free survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 20 patients treated between 1997 and 2009. Data was compiled to include age, gender, surgical history, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), contraceptives, tumour site, first-line treatment, positive margins and adjuvant radiotherapy. A descriptive and survival statistical analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Most patients were women, with a median age of 36 years, with abdominal wall involvement and treated with complete surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy. With a median follow-up of 35 months (range 0-188), local control at 5 years for any kind of treatment was 80%. Overall survival (OS) and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 100% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Desmoid tumours are group of rare tumours. Although complete surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment for resectable lesions, there is still substantial risk of recurrence. Our outcomes are comparable to those reported in the few series published to date.