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Recent quantitative approaches for studying several aspects of urban life and infrastructure have shown that scale properties allow the understanding of many features of urban infrastructure and of human activity in cities. In this paper, we show that COVID-19 virus contamination follows a similar pattern in different regions of the world. The superlinear power-law behavior for the number of contamination cases as a function of the city population, with exponent ß of the order of 1.15 is always obtained. Due to the strong indication that scaling is a determinant feature of covid-19 spread, we propose an epidemiological model that embodies a fractal structure, allowing a more detailed description of the observed data about the virus spread in different countries and regions. The hypothesis that fractal structures can be formed in cities as well as in larger networks is tested, indicating that indeed self-similarity may be found in networks connecting several cities.

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To evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, associated with fluoride application, on the prevention/control of dentin erosion. Dentin slabs were embedded in acrylic resin, flattened, and polished. Half of the specimens were previously eroded (10 min immersion in 1% citric acid solution) and half were kept sound. The specimens (n = 10 each substrate) were randomly allocated into the experimental groups, according to the following treatments: control (no treatment); APF gel (1.23% F, 1 min); Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (P1: 0.25 W, 20 Hz, 2.8 J/cm2, tip S75, beam diameter of 750 µm, 1 mm away from the surface); Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (P2: 0.50 W, 20 Hz, 5.7 J/cm2, tip S75, beam diameter of 750 µm, 1 mm away from the surface); APF gel + Er,Cr:YSGG laser P1 and; APF gel + Er,Cr:YSGG laser P2. Afterwards, the specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling, consisting of a 5-min immersion into 0.3% citric acid, followed by 60-min exposure to artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated 4×/day, for 5 days. Surface loss (SL, in µm) was determined by optical profilometry. Specimens from each group were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For the eroded specimens, APF gel presented the lowest SL, being different from the control. For the sound specimens, none of the groups differed from the control, except for Er,Cr:YSGG laser P2, which presented the highest SL. When substrates were compared, only the eroded specimens of the control and APF + Er,Cr:YSGG laser P1 Groups showed higher SL. Selective structure removal was observed for the laser-treated groups. None of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters were effective in the prevention/control dentin erosion. The laser was also unable to enhance the protection of fluoride against dentin erosion.

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This report describes two cases of male cats affected by FLUTD (Feline lower urinary tract disease). The first patient had been affected by numerous relapses after passing through various therapeutic treatments and surgical interventions, and was subjected to the alternative protocol after being recommended for euthanasia, the second patient had no history of urinary tract disorders in the past, and was not subjected to any kind of previous treatment. The two patients had a significant improvement in their clinical condition, were not affected by relapses after participation in the alternative design, and were accompanied for about a year after their treatment.(AU)

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This report describes two cases of male cats affected by FLUTD (Feline lower urinary tract disease). The first patient had been affected by numerous relapses after passing through various therapeutic treatments and surgical interventions, and was subjected to the alternative protocol after being recommended for euthanasia, the second patient had no history of urinary tract disorders in the past, and was not subjected to any kind of previous treatment. The two patients had a significant improvement in their clinical condition, were not affected by relapses after participation in the alternative design, and were accompanied for about a year after their treatment.(AU)

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Foram utilizados oito cordeiros castrados (35,0±6,0kg peso vivo) em um delineamento duplo quadrado latino 4 ´ 4 para avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) na dieta (25, 31, 37 e 43% da matéria seca (MS)) sobre o consumo e parâmetros digestivos. O consumo de nitrogênio (N) variou de forma quadrática; o de MS, matéria orgânica (MO) e energia diminuíram (P<0,05) e de FDN aumentou (P<0,01) linearmente com o aumento de fibra na dieta. A digestibilidade da FDN e do N, assim como o pH e as concentrações de peptídeos no fluído ruminal foram similares em todos os tratamentos. A digestibilidade aparente da MS, da MO e da energia, assim como as concentrações ruminais de açúcares diminuíram linearmente (P<0,01) e a síntese de proteína microbiana ruminal, as concentrações ruminais de amônia e de aminoácidos variaram quadraticamente (P<0,05) com o aumento do teor de FDN das dietas. A redução do consumo e da digestibilidade foram mais evidentes somente pela inclusão do nível mais alto de FDN (43%) e, sob o aspecto nutricional, a inclusão em torno de 30% de FDN representa o nível mais adequado para formulação de dietas a base de silagem de sorgo e concentrado oferecido a cordeiros confinados.(AU)

Eight castrated raw lambs (35.0± 6.0kg live weight) were used in a replicated 4 ´ 4 latin square design to evaluate the effect of four neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels (25, 31, 37 and 43% of dry matter (DM)) on intake and digestion traits. Nitrogen (N) intake varied quadratically; intake of DM, organic matter (OM) and energy decreased (P<0.05) and that of NDF increased (P<0.01) as fibre level increased. NDF and N digestibility, as well as pH and ruminal concentrations of peptides were similar for all treatments. Apparent digestibility of DM, OM and energy, as well as ruminal concentrations of sugars decreased (P<0.01) and, ruminal microbial protein synthesis and ruminal concentrations of ammonia and amino acids varied in a quadratic way (P<0.05) with increased levels of NDF. The effect of NDF in decreasing intake and digestibillity was more evident only at the highest level (43%). The inclusion of about 30% NDF represents the most adequate level for sorghum silage and concentrate based diets fed to feedlot lambs.(AU)

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Foram utilizados oito cordeiros castrados (35,0±6,0kg peso vivo) em um delineamento duplo quadrado latino 4 ´ 4 para avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) na dieta (25, 31, 37 e 43 por cento da matéria seca (MS)) sobre o consumo e parâmetros digestivos. O consumo de nitrogênio (N) variou de forma quadrática; o de MS, matéria orgânica (MO) e energia diminuíram (P<0,05) e de FDN aumentou (P<0,01) linearmente com o aumento de fibra na dieta. A digestibilidade da FDN e do N, assim como o pH e as concentrações de peptídeos no fluído ruminal foram similares em todos os tratamentos. A digestibilidade aparente da MS, da MO e da energia, assim como as concentrações ruminais de açúcares diminuíram linearmente (P<0,01) e a síntese de proteína microbiana ruminal, as concentrações ruminais de amônia e de aminoácidos variaram quadraticamente (P<0,05) com o aumento do teor de FDN das dietas. A redução do consumo e da digestibilidade foram mais evidentes somente pela inclusão do nível mais alto de FDN (43 por cento) e, sob o aspecto nutricional, a inclusão em torno de 30 por cento de FDN representa o nível mais adequado para formulação de dietas a base de silagem de sorgo e concentrado oferecido a cordeiros confinados.

Eight castrated raw lambs (35.0± 6.0kg live weight) were used in a replicated 4 ´ 4 latin square design to evaluate the effect of four neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels (25, 31, 37 and 43 percent of dry matter (DM)) on intake and digestion traits. Nitrogen (N) intake varied quadratically; intake of DM, organic matter (OM) and energy decreased (P<0.05) and that of NDF increased (P<0.01) as fibre level increased. NDF and N digestibility, as well as pH and ruminal concentrations of peptides were similar for all treatments. Apparent digestibility of DM, OM and energy, as well as ruminal concentrations of sugars decreased (P<0.01) and, ruminal microbial protein synthesis and ruminal concentrations of ammonia and amino acids varied in a quadratic way (P<0.05) with increased levels of NDF. The effect of NDF in decreasing intake and digestibillity was more evident only at the highest level (43 percent). The inclusion of about 30 percent NDF represents the most adequate level for sorghum silage and concentrate based diets fed to feedlot lambs.

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A novel triterpene, viburgenin (1), has been isolated from an extract of the ripe fruit rinds of Rudgea viburnioides, together with the known saponins, arjunglucoside I and trachelosperosides B-1 and E-1, and the triterpenes trachelosperogenin B (2) and arjungenin. Compound 2 was previously obtained as a product from enzymatic hydrolysis, and it is reported for the first time as a natural product. The structure of compound 1 was determined as 2alpha,3beta, 19alpha,23,24-pentahydroxyurs-12-ene by extensive use of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Cladosporium cladosporioides.

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Habitualmente las cinturas se estudian en forma separada junto al miembro correspondiente. Los músculos asociados a ellas se reunen en base a un criterio exclusivamente topográfico, resultando los siguientes grupos; músculos del dorso, del cuello, del tórax y del miembro pelviano. Para el miembro torácico se los trata como músculos comunes del miembro, sin tener en cuenta su inserción ni su intervación. En este trabajo se establecen los criterios de homotipia entre ambas cinturas y se proponen pautas para homologar los músculos que unen los miembros torácicos y pelvianos con el esqueleto axial. Para ello, se recurre a su clasificación en extrínsecos e intrínsecos, en base a su origen embriológico, inserción e inervación

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