RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Incidence reports for pediatric lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia in Hispanic subpopulations in the United States are rare. The authors hypothesized that Florida's Hispanic children would have higher risks of lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia compared with non-Hispanic white children. METHODS: All cases of lymphoid leukemia, Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin, and Burkitt lymphoma (SEER International Classification of Diseases for Oncology codes) in children (< 15 years) in the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) from 1985 to 1997 were studied. Cases were classified as: 1) white, 2) Hispanic, or 3) black, and stratified by age. Age-adjusted rates for the three race-ethnic groups were calculated. Rates for Hispanics and blacks were compared with whites as standardized rate ratios (SRR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Seven hundred thirty-one incident cases of pediatric lymphoma and 1231 cases of lymphoid leukemia were identified during the study period. For children with lymphoma, the SRR for Hispanics was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.20-1.44), and for blacks, the SRR was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.63-0.72. For lymphoid leukemia, the SRR for Hispanics was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.28-1.30), and for blacks, the SRR was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.54-0.56). Similar rates were found for the Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Incidences of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were significantly higher in Florida's Hispanic children, with 30% increased relative risks, compared with whites. Black children had significantly decreased incidences and risk. Results for lymphoid leukemia were similar. Incidence of lymphoma in Florida's Hispanic children (primarily Cuban and Central American origin) differed from similar reports from Texas and California, where Hispanics are primarily of Mexican origin.
Assuntos
Leucemia Linfoide/etnologia , Linfoma/etnologia , Adolescente , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , América Central , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuba/etnologia , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Risco , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that social relationships play an important role in health and health behavior. We examined the relationship between social networks and cancer screening among four U.S. Hispanic groups. METHODS: We used telephone surveys to collect data in eight U.S. regions that have concentrations of diverse Hispanic-origin populations. We interviewed 8903 Hispanic adults, for a response rate of 83%; analysis was restricted to the 2383 women aged > or =40. As a measure of social integration, we formed a social network index from items on the number of close relatives and friends, frequency of contact, and church membership. We used logistic regression to estimate the effects of social integration on screening, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Among Mexican, Cuban, and Central-American women, the effect of social integration on mammography screening was slight. The odds ratios (OR) per unit change in social integration category ranged from 1.16 to 1.22 with confidence intervals (CI) that overlapped with the null. For Pap smear screening, the effect was strongest among Mexican-American women (OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.21 to 1.72), but also evident among Central-American women (OR=1.22, 95% CI=0.72 to 2.06) and Cuban women (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.93). Among Puerto Rican women, social integration had no effect on either mammography (OR=1.03) or Pap smear screening (OR=1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Independent of socioeconomic factors, social integration appears to influence cancer screening participation of Hispanic women. The modest effect is not universal across Hispanic groups and was stronger for Pap smear than for mammography screening behavior. Researchers should recognize Hispanic group differences in social network characteristics and the potential of social networks to change screening behavior.
Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Mamografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Teste de Papanicolaou , Apoio Social , Esfregaço Vaginal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , América Central/etnologia , Cuba/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos , Porto Rico/etnologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A descriptive analysis was performed of the Tumor Registry data for malignant melanoma in Hispanics ascertained by the Jackson Memorial Hospital (JMH), University of Miami School of Medicine Tumor Registry. A total of 54 cases of melanoma in Hispanics was collected and reviewed. Most of the lesions of melanoma occurred on the trunk, arm, shoulder, leg, and hip. Seventy percent of the Hispanics presented with local stage disease; 26% presented with both regional and distant disease. Local stage had the best 5-year survival (87%). In regional and distant disease combined, the survival was better for Hispanics than non-Hispanics (p = 0.01). In addition, it was found that the Hispanics in the over 50-year-old age group did better than the non-Hispanics in the same group (p = 0.05). Comparison of survival between Hispanic males and females shows that Hispanic females have a 5-year survival of 86% compared to 56% for Hispanic males (p = 0.017).
Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino , Melanoma/etnologia , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etnologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Abdome , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , América Central/etnologia , Criança , Cuba/etnologia , Extremidades , Neoplasias Faciais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Faciais/etnologia , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/etnologia , Humanos , Tábuas de Vida , Masculino , Melanoma/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , América do Sul/etnologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , TóraxRESUMO
Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infants were delivered at a single metropolitan hospital in Miami, Fla. A population of uninfected women and their infants was also enrolled and followed longitudinally for 2 years to assess laboratory and clinical measurements. The median follow-up is now 18 months for 82 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The proportion of infected infants in this group is 0.30 (25/82). None of the infants born to 110 HIV-1-seronegative mothers were seropositive. Infected infants were easily distinguished from noninfected infants by virus isolation. No single immunologic or hematologic measure was predictive of infection for all infants at risk for HIV-1 infection who were 6 months of age or younger. As a group, however, infected infants could be distinguished from uninfected index infants by a number of immunologic measures by 6 months of age; the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio were the variables most predictive of infection. As in retrospective studies, clinical disease developed in 80% of infected infants within the first 24 months of life. This study provides documentation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission risk and early correlates of infection in young infants from a single hospital.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/congênito , HIV-1 , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Florida , Seguimentos , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/análise , Soropositividade para HIV , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Haiti/etnologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Contagem de Leucócitos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/patologia , Masculino , Troca Materno-Fetal , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologiaRESUMO
Data on cancer rates from West Indian populations are scarce, and to the authors' knowledge there are no published data on cancer rates and distributions among Haitians. Proportional distributions of cancers among three groups of patients living in Florida were compared: Haitian born blacks, United States born blacks, and non-Haitian Caribbean born blacks. The incidence rate of cancer of the cervix among the Haitian and United States born black groups was also compared. Increased rates of certain malignancies associated with viral infection or immunodeficiency were found in the Haitian group. These tumors were hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The age-adjusted incidence rate of carcinoma of the cervix was especially high among Haitian women even with a liberal estimate of the female Haitian population from whom the cases were drawn. Except for cancer of the cervix, the numbers of cancers of interest were small, and age-adjusted incidence rates were not calculated. Continued epidemiological study of larger numbers of patients is needed to evaluate these findings further.